50Hz正弦交变电磁场促进体外培养成骨细胞分化成熟的双“强度窗”效应

为研究频率为50 Hz不同强度正弦交变电磁场对体外培养成骨细胞分化及基因表达的影响,体外分离培养大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,传代后随机分为15组,分别用频率50 Hz、强度为0 mT(对照)和0.9～4.8 mT(每组间隔0.3 mT)的正弦交变电磁场处理。发现:正弦交变电磁场处理3～5 d后,成骨细胞呈漩涡样分布;第9 d,1.8和3.6 mT组的碱性磷酸酶活性极显著高于对照组;第0、12、24和96 h,1.5、1.8、3.0和3.6 mT组碱性磷酸酶、骨形态发生蛋白-2和Osterix基因表达水平显著高于对照组;第10 d,1.8和3.6 mT组钙化结节数明显多于对照组。说明50 Hz、0.9～4.8 mT的正弦交变电磁场能促进体外培养成骨细胞分化成熟,并且具有较明显的双强度窗效应,其中1.8和3.6 mT作用最为明显。     

续骨丹外敷疗法对大鼠胫骨缺损模型血清BMP-2的影响

为观察续骨丹外敷疗法对大鼠胫骨缺损模型血清骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)表达的影响。给70只SD大鼠右侧胫骨制备1个4 mm缺损,用0.8 mm克氏针内固定。造模1个月后符合标准的大鼠随机分为实验组(药物治疗组)、对照组a(脉冲磁场治疗组)、对照组b(面粉干扰组)和空白组。在干预前、2周、4周后对大鼠右胫骨行X线检查,然后处死动物,收获骨样本,做苏木素-伊红(HE)染色和血清BMP-2检测。干预前,实验组、对照组a、对照组b和空白组,4组大鼠血清BMP-2的含量没有明显差异;干预至第2周时,4组大鼠血清BMP-2的含量与干预前比较均下降,但组间差异均无统计学意义(p0.05);干预4周后,实验组大鼠血清BMP-2的含量高于对照组a、b和空白组,差异均有统计学意义(p0.05),对照组a中BMP-2的含量高于对照组b和空白组,差异均有统计学意义(p0.05),对照组b与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。4组大鼠血清BMP-2的含量在干预前、2周和4周后的变化趋势是:实验组和对照组a先降后升,对照组b和空白组一直下降。续骨丹外敷疗法和脉冲电磁场疗法在实验干预至第4周时均能上调骨缺损大鼠BMP-2的表达,有利于骨缺损的愈合,但续骨丹外敷疗法对BMP-2的调节作用上明显优于脉冲电磁场。     

泼尼松灌胃与肌内注射对大鼠骨密度、骨生物力学性能及骨代谢的影响

目的观察泼尼松灌胃与肌内注射两种不同给药方法对大鼠骨密度、骨生物力学及骨代谢的影响。方法将45只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组（正常组15只、灌胃组15只、肌内注射组15只）,其中正常组大鼠作为阴性对照,予0.9%生理盐水灌胃2 m L/d;灌胃组大鼠给予泼尼松0.5 mg/（kg·d）灌胃;肌内注射组大鼠给予泼尼松0.5 mg/（kg·d）;12周后测定离体的大鼠椎体骨密度及血清β-CTX、PINP水平变化,采用三点弯曲试验测量股骨皮质骨最大载荷、弹性载荷、断裂载荷等生物力学指标。结果与正常组相比,灌胃组及肌内注射组大鼠椎骨骨密度值均显著性降低（P〈0.05）;与灌胃组相比,肌内注射组大鼠椎骨骨密度显著下降（P〈0.05）;与正常组相比,灌胃组及肌内注射组大鼠股骨的弹性载荷、最大载荷、断裂载荷均显著降低（P〈0.05）,肌内注射组与灌胃组大鼠的弹性载荷、最大载荷、断裂载荷相比差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。与正常组相比,灌胃组及肌内注射组大鼠中血清β-CTX水平均显著升高（P〈0.05）而PINP水平均显著降低（P〈0.05）,与灌胃组相比,肌内注射组大鼠血清β-CTX水平显著升高（P〈0.05）而PINP水平显著降低（P〈0.05）。骨组织切片HE染色显示：肌内注射组大鼠的骨小梁明显纤细疏松,造血组织明显减少,脂肪组织明显增多。结论泼尼松对大鼠的骨密度、骨生物力学及骨代谢指标都有影响,而肌内注射泼尼松比口服对骨密度、骨强度、骨代谢的影响更大,更易造成骨质疏松症。因此,建议临床使用泼尼松时选择口服作为给药方式更安全。     

中等强度跑台运动预防去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松

目的观察中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的预防作用。方法将30只3月龄未经产雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术、去卵巢静止和去卵巢运动三个组。去卵巢运动组每周进行4次时间45min、速度18m/min、坡度5°的跑台训练。实验结束时,检测血清雌二醇（E2）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）和骨钙素（BGP）水平以及右侧游离股骨和胫骨的骨密度（BMD）和骨矿物含量（BMC）;同时观察左侧股骨远端和胫骨近端组织形态学变化。结果与假手术组比较,去卵巢静止组大鼠血清ALP活性和BGP含量显著升高,血清TRAP活性和E2含量显著下降,股骨近段和远端以及胫骨近端BMD和BMC显著下降,股骨远端和胫骨近端骨小梁断裂增加、数目减少;与去卵巢静止组比较,去卵巢运动组大鼠血清E2和BGP含量显著上升,股骨三个部位以及胫骨近端BMD和BMC显著增加,股骨远端和胫骨近端骨小梁断裂减少、数目增加。结论中等强度跑台运动能增加去卵巢大鼠血清E2和BGP含量,改善去卵巢大鼠骨组织学结构。     

镉染毒大鼠胫骨骨微结构的活体Micro-CT观察

目的应用Micro-CT研究不同剂量CdCl2染毒后大鼠胫骨松质骨骨小梁密度和骨微结构的差异。方法 24只3月龄雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组,对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,分别背部皮下注射生理盐水(0.5 mL)和0.1、0.5、1.5 mg/(kg.bw)CdCl2,每周称体重,并根据体重调整注射量。染毒后第8周对所有大鼠左侧胫骨近端进行活体Micro-CT扫描及三维重建。选取距生长板远端0.8、1.2 mm厚的骨组织为感兴趣区域,进行骨形态计量分析。结果镉染毒组大鼠体重和对照组相比有不同程度下降,高剂量组和其他组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05);镉染毒组大鼠骨密度、骨体积分数及骨小梁数量较对照组明显减少,高剂量组与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01);镉染毒组大鼠胫骨骨小梁分离度及骨结构模型指数都较对照组有明显增高,并且随着染毒剂量的增加而升高。二维及三维图象显示,镉作用后大鼠胫骨骨髓腔增宽,骨量、骨小梁数量及骨小梁连接明显减少,板状骨数量减少,杆状骨数量增加。结论镉染毒对大鼠胫骨骨量及骨微观结构有明显损害。     

镉染毒对雄性大鼠骨生物力学性能的影响

目的探讨镉（Cd）对大鼠股骨和腰椎生物力学性能的影响。方法 24只8周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组：对照组,皮下注射0.5 mL生理盐水;实验组,染毒剂量分别为0.1 mg Cd/（kg.bw）（低剂量组）,0.5 mgCd/（kg.bw）（中剂量组）和1.5 mg Cd/（kg.bw）（高剂量组）,每周根据体重调整注射量。染毒后第12周,收集全血、腰椎及股骨,分别用于血镉测定、骨镉测定、骨密度测定及生物力学测定。结果染毒组大鼠体内血镉及骨镉水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;中、高剂量染毒组大鼠骨密度较对照组显著下降（P〈0.05）;染毒组大鼠股骨和腰椎生物力学性能较对照组有不同程度的的降低,其中高剂量染毒组大鼠股骨生物力学性能的下降和对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0.01）;中、高剂量组大鼠腰椎生物力学性能和对照组相比有显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论镉影响大鼠股骨和腰椎的生物力学性能,并且腰椎较股骨更为敏感。     

去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠模型骨密度的变化

观察3月龄SD雌鼠切除双侧卵巢29周内模型组和雌二醇组动物第三腰椎及股骨骨密度的变化,同时与假手术组比较。结果表明,SD雌性大鼠切除卵巢9周股骨骨密度明显低于假手术组(P<001),13周后腰椎骨骨密度也有显著差异(P<001),29周内模型稳定。皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇40μgkg×2次周,在12周能够明显提高切卵巢SD大鼠的股骨骨密度并使其接近正常,16周后第三腰椎的骨密度也能够明显提高。切卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠模型治疗性给药需要大约9～13周左右模型才能成功,切除卵巢后29周内模型仍然稳定。     

低频交变磁场刺激对缺铁性贫血大鼠贫血改善的作用研究

目的:明确低频正弦波交变电磁场对缺铁性贫血大鼠贫血改善的作用效果,为其未来的临床应用提供实验依据。方法:雄性断乳的SPF级Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠,共36只,随机的等分为空白对照组(n=12)、缺铁性贫血组(n=12)和缺铁性贫血+电磁场刺激组(n=12)。缺铁性贫血组和缺铁性贫血+电磁场刺激组的大鼠饲养以低铁饲料和去离子水,每周尾静脉放血1 m L。空白对照组大鼠饲养以常规饲料和普通蒸馏水,且不予尾静脉放血。对缺铁性贫血+电磁场刺激组的12只大鼠施加全身低频交变电磁场刺激,每天刺激2小时,连续刺激10周。实验结束后提取大鼠血液样本,使用氰化高铁血红蛋白法进行测定全血血红蛋白含量,使用专用试剂盒测定血清铁和总铁结合力;提取肝脏和脾脏组织,对肝脏铁和脾脏铁含量进行测定。结果:全身暴露低频交变电磁场刺激显著提高了缺铁性贫血大鼠体重(P0.05),提升了其血清铁含量(P0.05),显著提高全血血红蛋白含量(P0.05),并显著降低了缺铁性贫血大鼠血清总铁结合力(P0.05);同时,电磁刺激也显著提高了缺铁性贫血大鼠肝脏铁和脾脏铁含量(P0.05)。结论:交变电磁场作为一种经济、安全、无创的物理作用方式,具有较为显著的缺铁性贫血的改善效果。     

不同干预时间正弦电磁场对大鼠骨髓基质干细胞成骨性分化的影响

目的:研究不同治疗时间正弦电磁场(50 Hz,1.8mT)对体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨性分化的影响,筛选出最佳临床治疗时间.方法:采用贴壁筛选法培养原代大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,每天在频率为50 Hz,强度为1.8 mT的磁场环境中处理0.5 h、1.0h、1.5 h、2.0h和2.5h;同时设立未经电磁场处理的细胞作为对照组.于处理后的第3 d、6d、9d和12 d分别测定细胞碱性磷酸酶活性、骨钙素分泌量、钙化结节数以及Ⅰ型胶原表达量,并比较各组间差异;于处理后12 h提取细胞总RNA,用RT Real-Time PCR法检测成骨性分化基因Osterix表达情况.结果:正弦电磁场干预1.0h能明显促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨性分化,表现在该组的碱性磷酸酶活性、骨钙素分泌量、钙化结节数、Ⅰ型胶原表达量以及成骨性分化基因的表达量最高,亦显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:50Hz、1.8mT强度的正弦电磁场能促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨性分化,以作用1.0h成骨效果最为明显.     

巴戟天结合振动干预对老年2型糖尿病大鼠有着积极的疗效

为讨论中药(巴戟天)结合运动干预(振动干预)处方对老年2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素敏感性和骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)的影响效果,本研究将100只SPF级SD大鼠随机将分为高脂饲料喂组(HF组,n=80),正常喂食组(F组, n=20),12周后高HF组的80只SD大鼠注射链脲佐菌素(stz),构建2型糖尿病骨质疏松动物模型,4周后对所有大鼠进行糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性、骨质代谢、BMD前测和评价造模,一般饲料正常喂食的F组20只大鼠为对照组(C组, n=20),造模成功的2型糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠随机分为糖尿病模型组(T组, n=16)、振动干预组(V组, n=16)、巴戟天摄入组(M组, n=16)和巴戟天摄入+振动干预组(MV组, n=16),进行为期24周干预。干预后,对所有参与实验的SD大鼠胰岛素敏感性指标、糖代谢指标、BMD、骨质代谢指标进行检测。本研究发现经过24周干预,D组、M组空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)后测结果显著高于前测p0.05,V组、MV组后测显著低于前测p0.05,V组、MV组FBG后测结果显著低于D组、M组p0.05;D组大鼠股骨BMD后测结果显著低于前测p0.05,V组、M组、MV组大鼠股骨BMD后测结果显著高于前测和D组p0.05。D组大鼠尿HOP、DPD、血浆TRACP后测结果显著高于前测p0.05,V组、M组、MV组大鼠后测结果显著低于前测和D组p0.05。因此本研究认为巴戟天结合振动干预的处方能够对老年2型糖尿病起到改善胰岛素敏感性,降低骨吸收,提升骨密度的作用。     

骨唾液酸蛋白基因沉默抑制乳腺癌细胞与骨基质粘附

旨在探索骨唾液酸蛋白 (Bone sialoprotein,BSP) 基因沉默对亲骨转移乳腺癌细胞 (MDA-MB-231BO) 与骨基质粘附能力的影响,为以BSP为靶点的乳腺癌骨转移预防和靶向治疗提供实验依据。体外检测BSP基因沉默对乳腺癌细胞与小鼠骨基质粘附能力的影响,MTS法检测细胞增殖能力;扫描电镜观察骨片表面肿瘤细胞粘附情况和骨吸收状况;ELISA法检测骨基质细胞粘附培养上清中TGF-β1和RANKL表达分泌量差异;左心室注射法构建裸鼠骨转移模型,检测不同细胞株在裸鼠体内转移能力。结果提示BSP     

骨再生的力学生物学问题

生物力学主要探讨力学刺激与细胞的形态、结构和功能之间的关系。骨组织改变其形态和结构以适应力学刺激,表现为骨的适应性重建。骨的生长是骨塑形和骨重建两个过程协同作用的结果,以调整骨的形状、大小和组成,适应其所处的力学环境。骨组织工程的目的就是修复骨组织的正常生物力学功能。近年来,骨组织工程的研究主要集中于模拟骨生长的在体生理条件,从而刺激细胞形成有功能的骨组织。生物反应器能够模拟体内生理状态,为种子细胞在生物支架材料上生长提供一个适宜的力学环境。     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of rib bone samples and of bone reference materials

The instrumental neutron activation analysis method was used for the determination of trace elements in rib bone samples taken from autopsies of accident victims. The elements Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr, Rb, and Zn were determined in cortical tissues by using short and long irradiations with thermal neutron flux of the IEA-R1m nuclear reactor. The reference materials NIST SRM 1400 Bone Ash and NIST SRM 1486 Bone Meal were also analyzed in order to evaluate the precision and the accuracy of the results. It was verified that lyophilization is the most convenient process for drying bone samples because it does not cause any element losses. Comparisons were made between the results obtained for rib samples and the literature values as well as between the results obtained for different ribs from a single individual and for bones from different individuals.     

Diversity of cortical bone morphology in anuran amphibians

The cortical bones of mammals, birds, and reptiles are composed of a complex of woven bone and lamellar bone (fibrolamellar bone) organized into a variety of different patterns; however, it remains unclear whether amphibians possess similar structures. Importantly, to understand the evolutionary process of limb bones in tetrapods, it is necessary to compare the bone structure of amphibians (aquatic to terrestrial) with that of amniotes (mostly terrestrial). Therefore, this study compared the cortical bones in the long bones of several frog species before and after metamorphosis. Using micro-computed tomography (CT), we found that the cortical bones in the fibrolamellar bone of Xenopus tropicalis (Pipoidea superfamily) and Lithobates catesbeianus (Ranoidea superfamily) froglets are dense, whereas those of Ceratophrys cranwelli (Hyloidea superfamily) are porous. To clarify whether these features are common to their superfamily or sister group, four other frog species were examined. Histochemical analyses revealed porous cortical bones in C. ornata and Lepidobatrachus laevis (belonging to the same family, Ceratophryidae, as C. cranwelli). However, the cortical bones of Dryophytes japonicus (Hylidae, a sister group of Ceratophryidae in the Hyloidea superfamily), Microhyla okinavensis (Microhylidae, independent of the Hyloidea superfamily), and Pleurodeles waltl, a newt as an outgroup of anurans, are dense with no observed cavities. Our findings demonstrate that at least three members of the Ceratophryidae family have porous cortical bones similar to those of reptiles, birds, and mammals, suggesting that the process of fibrolamellar bone formation arose evolutionarily in amphibians and is conserved in the common ancestor of amniotes.     

The contribution of cancellous bone to long bone strength and rigidity

A recent article (Burr and Piotrowski, 1982) suggested that structural analyses of long bone cross-sectional geometry will be inaccurate and should be considered inappropriate when cancellous bone accounts for 10-15% or more of the cross-sectional area. Consideration of material property differences between compact and cancellous bone, however, indicates that even significant proportions of cancellous bone (10-40% of total cross-sectional area) will very likely have negligible effects on bone strength and rigidity, and can be effectively ignored in geometrical analyses of diaphyseal sections. In metaphyseal and epiphyseal regions, however, geometric analyses of section properties such as area moments of inertia are inappropriate, both because of significant trabecular bone effects, and because of the inherent constraints of mechanical beam models.     

百岁以上老人跟骨骨密度和骨强度的相关性分析

目的研究广西巴马百岁以上女性老人的年龄、身高、体重、BMI与跟骨骨密度、骨强度之间的关系。方法采用定量超声骨密度测定仪,对广西巴马16名百岁以上女性老人的跟骨骨密度、骨强度进行测定,并记录相应年龄,同时行人工测量身高、体重、BMI指数,应用SPSS16.0软件分别计算年龄、身高、体重、BMI与跟骨骨密度、骨强度的pearson的相关系数。结果年龄、身高、体重、BMI均与百岁以上女性老人的跟骨骨密度、骨强度有相关关系,但相关性均无显著性(P0.05)。其中年龄、身高、体重与跟骨骨密度、骨强度呈负相关关系;BMI与跟骨骨密度、骨强度呈正相关关系,但相关性均无显著性(P0.05)。结论年龄、身高、体重、BMI均是广西巴马百岁以上女性老人骨密度、骨强度的影响因素,但相关性均无显著性,或需探讨新的评价指标衡量百岁以上女性老人的骨密度及骨强度,为百岁以上女性老人早期预防和诊断骨质疏松提供科学依据。     

Therapeutic potentials and modulatory mechanisms of fatty acids in bone

Bone metabolism is a lifelong process that includes bone formation and resorption. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the predominant cell types associated with bone metabolism, which is facilitated by other cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), osteocytes and chondrocytes. As an important component in our daily diet, fatty acids are mainly categorized as long‐chain fatty acids including polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs), saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs), medium‐/short‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs/SCFAs) as well as their metabolites. Fatty acids are closely associated with bone metabolism and associated bone disorders. In this review, we summarized the important roles and potential therapeutic implications of fatty acids in multiple bone disorders, reviewed the diverse range of critical effects displayed by fatty acids on bone metabolism, and elucidated their modulatory roles and mechanisms on specific bone cell types. The evidence supporting close implications of fatty acids in bone metabolism and disorders suggests fatty acids as potential therapeutic and nutritional agents for the treatment and prevention of metabolic bone diseases.     

Association of a synthetic bone graft and bone marrow cells as a composite biomaterial

Porous calcium phosphates have osteoconductive properties. The aim of this study was to obtain synthetic calcium phosphate bone graft substitute. X-ray diffraction was employed to investigate the formation of the beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phase. We evaluated the effects of bone marrow on the osteoconductivity and mechanical properties of synthetic bone graft (SG). SG cylinders loaded with bone marrow (SGBM) and SG alone were implanted into rabbits femoral condyle bone defects. Histological examinations revealed the resorption of the SG, trabecular bone with osteoblasts and osteoid substance around the implants, and colonization inside the porous β-TCP by newly formed bone. Histomorphometry conducted after three months revealed the osteoid surface to be higher in SGBM than SG (p < 0.05). The compressive strengths of SG and SGBM were significantly higher than the anatomic control at all time periods. The elastic modulus of SBG and SGBM became weaker after implantation. The present results indicate that gB-TCP is a good matrix for bone marrow, which contributes osteoinductive properties in an orthotopic. The composite biomaterial may be useful in reconstructive bone surgery.     

Age-related changes of bone mineral density in human calcaneus, talus, and scaphoid bone

To examine whether the bone mineral density (BMD) decreases uniformly with aging in any spongy bones, the authors investigated age-related changes of BMD in the calcaneus, talus, and scaphoid bone. After the ordinary dissection by medical students was finished, calcanei, tali, and scaphoid bones were resected from the subjects, and BMDs were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Their BMDs seemed to decrease gradually with aging in the calcanei, tali, and scaphoid bones. It was found that there were statistically significant relationships between age and BMD in the men’s and women’s scaphoid bones, women’s tali, and women’s calcanei, but not in the men’s tali and calcanei. It should be noted that there were significant relationships between age and BMD in both men’s and women’s scaphoid bones. In regard to relationship in BMD between the bones of the upper and lower limbs in individuals, it was found that the relationship between the calcaneus and talus was higher than that between the calcaneus and scaphoid bone. This suggests that there is a higher relationship in BMD between the two tarsal bones compared with that between the tarsal and carpal bones.