基于微流控芯片的InDel快速族群推断体系研究

目的 QuickTargSeq全集成法医DNA现场快速检测系统是国内首台自主研制的现场快检仪,可应用于InDel族群推断检测,2 h左右完成“样本进-结果出”的快速自动化InDel分型。本文对InDel族群推断微流控芯片检测体系的性能进行评估,以期为实践应用提供参考。方法 使用InDel族群推断微流控芯片检测体系,对体系的灵敏度、干扰物耐受性、成功率、分型准确率、精确性、准确性、峰平衡性及检材适应性进行验证评估,同时对测试样本的族群来源进行推断。结果 138份样本的全集成检测成功率为95.65%,分型准确率为98.85%;DNA模板量≥5 ng时,可获得完整InDel分型,口腔拭子样本最佳采集次数为口腔内壁左右两侧各刮擦8次,血卡样本最佳检测方式为6片（Φ=2 mm）;所有基因座的平均杂合子峰高比值为0.86;10次运行的等位基因分型标准物（allelic ladder）片段大小标准差均在0.3 bp以内,测试样本等位基因和相应的等位基因分型标准物之间的片段准确性均在0.5 bp以内。结论 该体系可实现对口腔拭子、血卡、唾液卡及烟蒂样本的准确分型,能够准确推断样本的族群来源。     

27-plex SNP种族推断方法的优化及验证

人类学中常将人群分为东亚黄种人、欧洲白种人和非洲黑种人。27-plex SNP种族推断体系可针对来自东亚、欧洲、非洲及欧亚混合人群的样本进行分型检测进而推断其祖先来源。本研究对该体系获取样本分型后的种族推断分析方法进行了进一步优化,建立了一种基于似然比、祖先成分和种族归类的推断分析方法,并对4个来自东亚、欧洲、非洲及其混合人群的测试样本进行种族来源推断。使用基础参考数据库交叉验证和1010份测试样本验证两种方式进行了种族推断方法流程的评估研究。验证结果表明该方法体系在东亚、欧洲、非洲及欧亚混合人群中的推断准确性均高于99%。本种族推断方法可对DNA来源人的种族信息进行刻画,在人类分子遗传学、法医遗传学等领域有重要的应用价值。     

30个祖先信息位点的筛选及应用

摘要：目的 筛选一组祖先信息SNPs位点（AIMs,Ancestry Informative Markers）,构建复合检测体系,用于东亚、欧洲和非洲人群遗传成分描述及个体种族来源推断。方法 以HapMap数据库9个人群的658份样本的分型数据为基础,从30个表型相关基因总共282个SNPs位点中筛选出30个AIMs位点,基于微测序-通用芯片技术构建复合检测体系,并建立人群等位基因频率数据库。使用这组位点分析HapMap数据库中658份人群样本,初步验证位点的区分效能;然后,使用研究构建的体系检验收集的5个人群194份无关个体的DNA样本。最后,通过Structure软件分析获取人群的成分构成以及个体的遗传成分,对个体样本进行种族来源推断。 结果 筛选的30个AIMs位点符合哈迪温伯格平衡（p>0.01）,位点之间没有连锁（r2<0.1）, 658份HapMap数据库样本和194份实验样本的祖先成分分析结果与已知结果完全一致。 结论 本文筛选并建立的30个AIMs位点复合检测体系,能够有效实现东亚、欧洲、非洲人群及混合人群的成分构成和个体遗传成分的分析,有效控制遗传连锁分析中由于人群分层现象带来的误差,也可以用于法医DNA检验中个体祖先来源推断。     

中国汉族人群66个InDel基因座的遗传多态性

插入/缺失多态性(insertion/deletion polymorphism,InDel)遗传标记是一类由DNA片段的插入或者缺失形成的变异形式,在降解检材身份识别领域展现出优势.本文从dbSNP数据库中自主筛选66个InDel基因座,基于高通量测序系统建立了一套多重复合扩增体系(66-plex InDels).通...     

49AISNP：东亚北方三个族群遗传来源推断

样本的族群来源推断在法医调查中可发挥重要作用,一个理想的推断体系是用一组较少的遗传标记实现较高的族群推断准确性。本研究调研搜集了区分东亚北方三个族群北方汉族、日本人和韩国人的428个祖先信息SNP (ancestry informative SNP, AISNP),获取了其在三个族群307份样本中的分型,通过位点Fst值及等位基因频率聚类等信息进一步精简位点,最终得到了一组49AISNP组合。基于307份样本利用留一法对49AISNP进行推断准确性验证,结果表明其在北方汉族、日本和韩国族群中的推断准确性均高于99%。49AISNP组合将有助于东亚地区亚族群的进一步区分。     

74-plex SNPs复合检测体系在中国人群中的族群推断研究

使用一组祖源SNP可以分析某人群的遗传成分,推断某个体的族群来源。本课题组前期筛选出74个SNP位点实现了撒哈拉以南的非洲、北非、欧洲、美洲、大洋洲、南亚、西南亚、东亚、东北亚和东南亚等10个地理区域人群的推断,并基于Mass ARRAY质谱分析技术构建了74-plexSNPs复合检测体系。本研究利用该体系对14个中国人群1371份样本进行基因分型,验证评估该体系对中国人群的区分能力和法医学应用效能。首先,基于全球57个人群3628份个体构建参考人群分型库,采用Structure分析和等位基因频率热图等方法进行人群区分能力评估;然后,选取千人基因组计划中3个人群(不包含在参考人群分型库中)及本实验室检测的14个人群共计1654个体作为测试数据集,通过似然比和族群成分等统计分析,评估该体系对实际样本的族群来源推断能力。结果表明,DNA的量最低为1.5ng时,74个SNP均可正确判型,适用于微量检材的检测;该体系对全球10个地理区域人群有区分能力,针对测试人群中欧洲、美洲、南部非洲个体族群来源推断的准确率为95.4%、不排除率为1.06%,东亚个体推断的准确率为71.0%、不排除率为17.9%,东南亚个体推断的准确率66.4%、不排除率为33.3%。该方法可以为实际案件侦察提供线索。     

东亚三族群SNP高分辨推断模型构建与效能评估

单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）是法医遗传学个体识别和族群推断常用的遗传标记. 本研究集合文献和公共库中祖先信息SNP位点（ancestry informative SNPs,AISNPs）,应用softmax回归、支持向量机和随机森林3种算法,研究东亚北方的3个主体人群（中国北方汉族人、日本人和韩国人）的族群推断效果. 我们分析了来自千人基因组计划的103份中国北方汉族人样本、104份日本人样本和亚洲多样性计划的100份韩国人样本的428个AISNP位点分型,采用多元线性回归共线性诊断筛选出67个高信息量的AISNPs位点组合,构建了softmax回归和支持向量机算法的两种族群推断模型,采用随机森林平均降准分析筛选出42个高信息量的AISNPs位点组合,并构建了随机森林算法的族群推断模型,将softmax回归、支持向量机与随机森林3种模型用于北方汉族人、日本人、韩国人的族群推断,五次十折交叉验证（training∶testing=9∶1）测试3种模型的平均准确率分别为95.19%、95.77%、94.53%. 本研究建立的3种族群推断模型均可用于东亚北方三大人群的遗传推断,42 AISNPs组合的位点数目较少,更适于构建法医检测体系,具有较高的实际应用价值.     

北京汉族群体30个常染色体InDel位点群体遗传学及法医学研究

为了调查30个 InDel 位点在中国北京汉族人群中的群体遗传学数据, 并评估其法医学应用价值, 文章采集210名北京汉族无关健康个体外周血样, 提取样本DNA, 采用Investigator ® DIPplex 体系对HLD77等30个InDel 位点进行复合扩增, ABI3130 XL 遗传分析仪进行基因分型, 计算常用法医学参数, 分析群体遗传差异。经 Bonferroni 校正, 30个InDel 位点不存在连锁不平衡现象, 基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg 平衡; 各位点DP值为0.2690~0.6330, 累积个体识别力(TDP)为0.999999999985; 三联体累积非父排除率(CPEtrio)为0.98771049, 二联体累积非父排除率(CPEduo)为0.94579456。32例 STR 基因座发生突变的家系样本调查证实上述 InDel 位点未发现突变。结果表明, Investigator® DIPplex 试剂盒中包含的30个InDel 位点在北京汉族群体中具有较好的遗传多态性, 在 STR 存在突变及微量DNA检材等特殊检案中可作为有效的补充检测体系。     

基于毛干蛋白质组的族群推断技术的建立与验证

毛干是一种案件现场常见的生物物证,由于核DNA含量极少且高度降解,难以采用现有的短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)检验方法进行个人识别鉴定,目前仅使用线粒体DNA检验进行母系亲缘关系的判定,利用率非常低.毛干中蛋白质非常稳定,而且具有遗传多态性,表现为基因组中的非同义单核苷酸多态性(non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms,ns SNPs),转录翻译后形成蛋白质序列中的单氨基酸多态性(single amino acid polymorphisms,SAPs).充分利用毛干蛋白质中蕴含的遗传信息,为案件提供线索和证据,是实际公安业务的迫切需求,具有重要的应用价值.本文选取了104份中国汉族的毛干样本进行蛋白质组的检测,共获得了703个SAP位点,位于460个蛋白质上,共推导出552个nsSNP位点.进一步筛选在所有样本中检出率超过15%的位点,获得了88个nsSNP位点,使用毛干样本对应的口腔拭子DNA对88个ns SNP位点进行一代测序验证.为评估发现的nsSNP位点对于人群的区分能力,以千人数据库(1 000 Genome Project)为参考数据库,采用聚类分析和群体匹配概率等方法对检测的19份毛干样本进行人群来源推断.结果显示,通过检测毛干蛋白质组中的ns SNP可以实现东亚、欧洲、非洲三大洲际人群的区分.     

Y染色体短串联重复序列微流控芯片复合扩增检测体系研究

目的 构建Y染色体短串联重复序列（Y-STR）微流控芯片扩增检测试剂,并进行性能验证,实现Y-STR基因座的快速全集成检测。方法 使用Y-STR微流控芯片检测体系,对其灵敏度、成功率和分型准确率、峰平衡性、精准性和准确性、检材适应性、混合物检测能力和抗抑制性进行验证评估。结果 DNA标准品9948的模板量≥8 ng,血卡片数≥3片以及口腔拭子刮擦次数≥7次时可获得Y-STR完整分型;165份样本的全集成检测成功率为91.52%,分型准确率为99.74%;不同荧光通道之间的峰高比值为89.81%;10次运行的等位基因分型标准品的片段大小标准差均在0.5 bp以内,20份样本全集成检测的等位基因片段和相应的等位基因标准品之间的片段准确性均在0.5 bp以内;能够对口腔拭子、血卡、唾液卡、烟蒂、血棉签、布片精斑等检材进行准确分型;混合样本中较小贡献者与较大贡献者在1∶3的比例时可获得完整基因分型;在不同浓度的腐殖酸（50～400 mg/L）、靛蓝（20～100 nmol/L）、血红蛋白（100～500μmol/L）等抑制物的干扰下,该体系可获得完整基因分型。结论 该体系可应用于国产Quick...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.