流行性感冒裂解疫苗临床免疫效果观察

兰州生物制品研究所研制的流行性感冒病毒裂解疫苗于2003年9月~12月在广西进行Ⅰ~Ⅲ临床试验,对疫苗的安全性和免疫原性进行考核评价。试验中随机选取852人(6月龄~67岁)接种试验疫苗,227人接种对照疫苗。6~36月龄的婴幼儿接种2针,每次0.25m l,间隔28天;成人接种0.5 m l。所有接种对象均未见红肿和硬结等局部反应;发生低热反应(37.1℃~37.5℃)率为3.5%,均于48小时内恢复正常。疫苗接种后易感人群的H I抗体总阳转率为100%,非易感人群的H I抗体几何平均效价增长7.1~16.8倍,抗体4倍增长率为73.1%~91.7%。证实该疫苗具有良好的安全性和免疫原性。     

流感病毒裂解疫苗临床安全性和免疫原性研究

目的了解流感病毒裂解疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。方法按整群随机抽样原则,对上海市200名18~60岁健康成人进行疫苗接种后临床安全性指标(局部反应、全身反应)的监测。用微量血凝抑制试验检测血清HI抗体,比较血清抗体阳转率、抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)和增长倍数。结果接种疫苗72 h内局部反应率为7.00%;全身反应率为12.00%,其中发热反应率为7.50%,其他全身反应率为4.50%;均以轻度反应为主。H1N1、H3N2和B型免疫后抗体阳转率分别为63.49%、74.07%和56.08%,抗体GMT分别为1∶170.10、1∶128.85和1∶446.79,免疫后比免疫前分别增长到6.93倍、8.72倍和4.90倍。结论此流感病毒裂解疫苗的临床安全性和免疫原性均较好。     

地鼠肾原代细胞双价肾综合征出血热疫苗免疫效果的研究

对新近研制成功的地鼠肾原代细胞肾综合征出血热双价疫苗（汉滩型＋汉城型）进行了Ⅱ期临床扩大观察,考核其对人体的安全性和中和抗体反应。将观察人群分别选择在中国南方和北方两个点,每个点接种589人和600人,观察其接种对象的副反应程度和采集血清样品测定其光抗体并以蚀斑减少中和法测定中和抗体,考核疫苗效果。观察结果显示,在观察的253人中分别有6人呈现轻度局部副反应和1人37．5℃以下的低热全身反应,总反应率分别为2．77％（7／253）。IFAT抗体阳转率对I型病毒为94．85％（184／194）,对Ⅱ型病毒为89．69％（174／194）,ELISA抗体阳转率为99．44％（179／180）,GMT1325。PRNT抗体阳转率I型为92．55％（87／94）,GMT10．17,Ⅱ型为93．62％（88／94）,GMT11．08。经过Ⅱ期临床人体观察结果显示,该双价疫苗仅有轻度局部反应和良好的中和抗体应答。证明该疫苗对人体安全,具有较好的免疫原性。     

流行性腮腺炎疫苗免后血清学效果及免疫方案探讨

选以往无流行性腮腺炎患病史和接种史的学龄及学龄前儿童２４３名,血清检测流腮ＨＩ抗体,阳性率为５５．６％,阳性率明显地随年龄增大而上升,而性别无差异。经用Ｓ生物所及Ｂ生物所生产的两种疫苗接种,免后ＨＩ抗体的跳高率及ＧＭＴ均较免前有明显上升。双份血清检测结果,免后ＨＩ抗体显著跳高率（≥４倍）为４４．８％;９８名免前阴性儿童免后ＨＩ阳转率５７．１％,ＧＭＴ为１１３．２９,两种疫苗均无显著差异,提示疫苗的质量和稳定性有待提高,笔者对当前免疫方案提出了改进意见。     

肾综合征出血热(I型)纯化疫苗防病效果及免疫持久性观察

卫生部兰州生物制品研究所生产的肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）（Ｉ型）纯化疫苗在陕西、湖南,浙江的出血热流行区进行了人群免疫效果观察。基础免疫三针后,中和抗体阳转率平均５０％,荧光抗体阳转率为８４２６％,全程接种者２６４９２人,疑似发病１人,保护率平均为９６％。对陕西长安县不同年龄的３０人进行了免疫后２５年抗体水平观察,中和抗体阳转率为５７％,有良好的免疫效果,并具有一定的免疫持久性。     

风疹减毒活疫苗主种子批毒种(松叶株)的安全性和免疫原性检测

评价兰州生物制品研究所用风疹病毒松叶株主种子批毒种制备的冻干风疹减毒活疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。采用自身对照、开放性的免疫原性临床观察试验,对100名8～10月龄筛选后符合条件的健康易感儿童,皮下接种1剂风疹减毒活疫苗,观察其免疫后的局部和全身反应并采集每个受试者免前和免后35d的血清标本,检测风疹HI抗体,计算阳转率和几何平均滴度。试验中所有受试者在系统观察期内均未观察到注射部位局部的不良反应;总的发热率为5%,且均为轻度发热;有1例在观察期内出现腹泻和咳嗽并持续5d,发生率为1%,属中度全身反应;血清风疹病毒抗体(HI)阳转率为100%,GMT为1:638.7±1.7。该疫苗与国内、外其它种类的风疹疫苗一样具有良好的安全性和免疫原性。     

肾综合征出血热（Ⅰ热）纯化疫苗防病效果及免疫持久性观察

卫生部兰州生物制品研究所生产的肾综合征出血热纯化疫苗在陕西,湖南,浙江的出血热流行区进行了人群免疫效果观察。基础免疫三针后,中和抗体阳转率平均５０％,荧光抗体阳转率为８４．２６％,全程接种者２６４９２人,疑拟发病人１人,保护率平均为９６％。     

国产重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗接种小学生的五年免疫效果观察

为了解国产重组酵母乙肝疫苗的免疫持久性,对接种2批国产酵母疫苗（5μg/Dose),1批进口酵母疫苗（A;10μg/Dose)和另1批进口酵母疫苗（M;5μg/Dose)的268名小学生,进行了免后5年（T60）效果随访观察。结果表明,T60时接种A疫苗组抗体GMT（几何平均滴度）（197．53）显著高于M疫苗组（110．66）和2批国产疫苗（9312645GMT78．48,9312623GMT56．06）。抗体阳转率A疫苗组（85．71％）显著高于M疫苗组及国产两批疫苗（61．76％、65．26％、63．83％）（P＜0．05）。而国产两批疫苗与M疫苗组无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。本次随访结果表明,虽然国产酵母疫苗免后5年的抗体阳转率和抗体GMT与剂量相同的进口酵母疫苗的水平相当,但抗体阳转率已降至70％以下,应考虑加强接种。     

A＋C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的制备及其接种人体后的血清学效果

在现行的A群脑膜料球菌多糖原液制造工艺的基础上,经部分改进后进行C群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液的生产。3批中试A＋C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗经全面检定后,各项指标均符合WHO《生物制品规程》的要求。该疫苗在接种人体后,5－13岁儿童组,抗A群及抗C群脑膜炎球菌的血清杀菌抗体4倍增长率为96．59％和92．15％;≤2岁儿童组,抗A群及抗C群脑膜炎球菌的血清杀菌抗体4倍增长率为68．60％和69．77％。2组儿童接种后1个月的抗A群及抗C群膜炎球菌血清杀菌抗体几何平均滴度（GMT）与接种前均有显著性差异（P＜0．001）。     

新生儿接种流感嗜血杆菌乙型肝炎偶联疫苗（COMVAX^TM）的安全性和免疫效果研究

将出生时接种过重组酵母乙肝疫苗的131名HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿,随机分为两组,一组接种COMVAX^TM,另一组接种单价乙肝疫苗和单价流感嗜血杆菌偶联疫苗,出生时第一针乙肝疫苗接种后,应用2,4,13月程序免疫,在2,4月免疫后,接种COMVAX^TM组和对照组新生儿中无一例发生重度副反应,接种COMVAX^TM组新生第一针免疫前（2月）和二针免后一个月（5月）的抗－HBs阳转率分别为53．73％和95．00％,抗全GMT分别为104．10和56．29,均与接种单价组无显著差异,第二针免疫后一个月接种COMVAX^TM组96．00％新生儿抗－PRP抗体达到长期保护临界值（1.0ug/ml)水平,而接种单价流感嗜血杆菌疫苗组新生儿为95．20％,结果表明,对于健康母亲所生的新生儿,接种COMVAX^TM疫苗,抗－HBs和抗－PRP抗体阳转率及滴度均不低于接种单价疫苗组。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various