光质对水稻幼苗初级氮同化的影响

用滤光膜过滤蓝色或红色荧光灯,得到纯的蓝光和红光,以白光为对照,研究不同光质对水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）幼苗初级氮同化的影响。结果表明：蓝光促进水稻黄化幼苗吸收ＮＯ＾－３含量,并促进ＮＲ（硝酸还原酶）的诱导。在蓝光下生长５￣７ｄ的幼苗的ＮＲ、ＮＩＲ（亚硝酸还原酶）、ＧＳ（谷氨酰胺合成酶）和ＧＯＧＡＴ（谷氨酸合酶）活性均高于白光下生长的,但第１０天以后,白光下生长的幼苗酶活性最高。与白光     

光质对水稻幼苗超弱发光和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的影响

生长在不同光质下的水稻幼苗叶片的超弱发光（ＵＢＥ）随着其生长进程不断增强,光质对ＵＢＥ有显著影响,生长在白光下的水稻幼苗的ＵＢＥ明显高于生长在红光或蓝光下的水稻幼苗的ＵＢＥ,而红光和蓝光处理之间无显著差异．同时谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）活性变化也是白光处理的水稻幼苗ＧＳ活性明显高于红光和蓝光处理,而后两者之间也无显著差异．表明光质对水稻幼苗ＵＢＥ和ＧＳ活性的影响是相似的,可能与叶绿体的发育和光合作用有关．讨论了超弱发光的生物学应用前景．     

数学建模用于激光辐照微藻生物学效应的研究

目的：用数学建模模拟激光辐照扁藻细胞的增殖情况,研究激光辐照微藻生物学效应的参数规律。方法：在不同激光参数条件下照射亚心形扁藻,分为不同照射剂量实验组,以各实验组的细胞增殖数目为建立模型数据源。根据单细胞藻类在培养过程中生长及繁殖的规律构造高斯生长曲线,构建线性双目标规划模型,利用逐步回归法从辐照激光参量及三者的衍生量中分别筛选出与细胞增殖数、生长速率相关度较大的参量,并利用模型优化软件得到最优策略。分析结果表明用构建模型对不同激光处理的微藻样本生长曲线的仿真,达较高拟合度,SSE：2．383e-005,R—square：0．9997,验证了模型的正确性。对于给定的激光波长和照射时间,可以预测辐射后扁藻藻种的平均生长速率和生长期的变化趋势。结论：数学建模可以作为寻找激光辐照微藻的参数与其生物学效应之问的规律的分析方法。     

针对点突变癌基因转录物的核酶细胞内性质的研究

前文［１］已证实在体外（ｉｎｖｉｔｒｏ）实验接近生理环境的条件下,本室设计、合成并克隆到的核酶能够高效选择性的定点切割Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ活化癌基因转录物。在此基础上,为阐明该核酶在体内（ｉｎｖｉｖｏ）的生理活性,本文又进一步把核酶基因片段克隆在真核表达质粒ｐＳＭＧ上,并将重组质粒以磷酸钙沉淀法转染由Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ基因诱导的转化细胞系。在细胞和分子水平上检测了核酶在真核细胞内的生物学活性：表现为各恶性转化细胞系的形态特征逆转,生长速度减慢,并呈现出重叠生长减弱恢复接触抑制的趋势,细胞凝集行为接近正常、软琼脂集落形成能力下降;同时,引物延伸实验结果也表明：在体内实验条件下,核酶能够特异性切割点突变Ｔ２４－ｒａｓ癌基因转录物,抑制癌变细胞的恶性行为,使其得到一定程度的逆转。     

气候变化背景下中国农业气候资源变化Ⅷ.江西省双季稻各生育期热量条件变化特征

基于江西省地面气象资料和农业气象试验站数据,分析了江西省双季稻生育期的变化趋势,并利用生长度日（GDD）、低温度日（CDD）和高温度日（HDD）对1981-2007年江西省水稻各生育期热量资源的变化趋势进行分析.结果表明：气候变暖背景下,江西省水稻生长季平均气温、平均最低气温和平均最高气温均呈升高趋势,引起双季稻生长季缩短,其中,营养生长期日数减少最明显,而生殖生长期延长;生长度日和高温度日均增加,低温度日减少.研究期间,江西省双季稻有效热量资源增加,低温风险减少,但高温风险增多;江西省水稻有效热量资源的空间变化特征表现为东北部的增幅大于西南部,南部的低温风险大于北部,中部的高温风险最大.     

肌醇磷脂信号途径参与胞外钙调素启动花粉萌发和花粉管伸长

高等植物有性生殖是植物发育生物学研究的重要内容之一,而作为雄配子体的花粉在雌蕊柱头上萌发及花粉管在花柱内的持续生长是有性生殖实现的关键。已有许多研究表明Ca2 在花粉萌发和花粉管生长过程中起重要作用。最近,我室在多年细胞外钙调素（calinodulin,CaM）存在。性质及生物学功能研究（孙大业等1995;Sun等1994,1995;Tang等1996）的基础上,通过不过膜的大分子CaM拈抗剂或抗体并结合恢复实验证实细胞外CaM对花粉的萌发和花粉管的伸长具有启动作用（马力耕和孙大业1996）,并发现G蛋白、质膜Caz”通道及胞内依赖Caz”的蛋白…     

大肠杆菌与酵母菌基因特定序列信息参量的研究

提出核酸序列的矩阵表示形式,按位点定义了有生物学意义的信息参数M1（1）、M2（l）和M3(l）。着重研究了不同表达水平的大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli,E.coli）的SD序列（Shine-Dalgrno region,SD）以及大肠杆菌（E.coli）和酵母菌（Yeast）基因起始、终止密码子邻近区域核酸序列的碱基关联性与保守性。并求出相应矩阵的本征值,给出了信息参量与基因表达水平的关系。发现信息参量体现了原核生物和真核生物释放起始区域的显著差异,而且真核生物碱基起始区域的单碱基保守性程度及碱基关联性程度要比原核生物强。     

合成生物学应用产品开发现状与趋势

目的：从产品开发角度分析全球合成生物学发展现状和趋势。方法：在伍德罗·威尔逊国际学者中心的合成生物学产品和应用清单（synthetic biology products and applications inventory）的数据基础上,对全球合成生物学产品的开发状态、市场应用和发展前景等进行补充检索和分析。结果：至2015年,全球至少已有81家企业（或研究机构）的116种合成生物学产品得到了市场应用开发,主要开发者为美国企业（或研究机构）,产品主要集中于化学和医药领域。结论：合成生物学实现了从生物学分析向生物学合成的范式转移,其产品开发将给一系列的行业带来深刻的变革。     

稻瘟病菌侵入机理

猪瘟病广泛分布于水稻栽培的国家和地区,几乎每年都可以调查到该病发生,给生产造成严重损失。研究稻瘟病菌与水稻之间相互作用,特别是近年来开展猪瘟病菌致病的分于生物学研究成了一个热点。1病害循环（1）病菌分生抱于尖端的粘胶和孢子发芽使得孢子粘着在寄主表面;（2）芽     

水稻转座子研究进展

转座子是植物基因组的重要组成部分,对于研究植物基因组进化等具有重要意义。随着水稻全基因组测序计划的开展和完成,水稻转座子研究取得了极大进展,目前已经在水稻基因组中发现了几乎所有类型的转座子,约占水稻基因组的35%。在正常情况下,大多数水稻转座子不具有转座活性,但是在特定的条件下（如组织培养或辐射等）,水稻基因组中沉默的转座子可以被激活,从而可能导致插入突变并影响基因的表达。在水稻中已鉴定出6个有活性的转座子,其中Tos17已被应用到水稻功能基因组研究中。转座子序列的新的分子标记转座子展示（transposon display,TD）现已被开发,并在水稻遗传作图和遗传分化研究中得到应用。     

Growth of branched actin networks against obstacles

A method for simulating the growth of branched actin networks against obstacles has been developed. The method is based on simple stochastic events, including addition or removal of monomers at filament ends, capping of filament ends, nucleation of branches from existing filaments, and detachment of branches; the network structure for several different models of the branching process has also been studied. The models differ with regard to their inclusion of effects such as preferred branch orientations, filament uncapping at the obstacle, and preferential branching at filament ends. The actin ultrastructure near the membrane in lamellipodia is reasonably well produced if preferential branching in the direction of the obstacle or barbed-end uncapping effects are included. Uncapping effects cause the structures to have a few very long filaments that are similar to those seen in pathogen-induced "actin tails." The dependence of the growth velocity, branch spacing, and network density on the rate parameters for the various processes is quite different among the branching models. An analytic theory of the growth velocity and branch spacing of the network is described. Experiments are suggested that could distinguish among some of the branching models.     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长动力学

在确定二价铁离子为A.f生长过程中惟一限制性底物条件下,通过考察初始亚铁离子浓度、初始pH值两种影响亚铁离子氧化代谢的主要因素来研究细菌的生长特性,得到以限制性底物亚铁离子浓度为表征的细菌生长曲线。利用基于Monod方程建立的细菌生长动力学方程模型,采用Matlab软件中的Gauss-Newton算法确定了在不同条件下细菌生长动力学参数,包括最大比生长速率μm、Monod常数K及Ro,推导出了不同条件下A.f对数期以底物Fe(Ⅱ)浓度为表征的生长动力学方程。     

Growth after radiotherapy and chemotherapy in children with leukemia or lymphoma.

The effect of radio- and chemotherapy on auxological parameters was investigated in 30 children treated for acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) or non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL). Growth velocity was decreased during the first year of treatment. Catch-up growth was insufficient during the following years. Thus, the whole group experienced a loss of height of 0.49 +/- 1.1 SD at 6.8 +/- 2.6 years after diagnosis. Height and growth velocity were not different between children who received 18 or 24 Gy cranial irradiation; however, growth velocity was significantly lower in children who were treated for more than 2 years or who had the more intensive chemotherapeutic protocol. Evaluation of the growth hormone (GH) response to pharmacological stimulation revealed reduced GH peaks in 47% of the patients, but there was no correlation of GH peak with growth or treatment parameters. In conclusion, the impairment of growth in children after treatment for ALL or NHL might be related to the intensity and duration of chemotherapy.     

Tendency modeling: a new approach to obtain simplified kinetic models of metabolism applied to Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A novel approach to construct kinetic models of metabolic pathways, to be used in metabolic engineering, is presented: the tendency modeling approach. This approach greatly facilitates the construction of these models and can easily be applied to complex metabolic networks. The resulting models contain a minimal number of parameters; identification of their values is straightforward. Use of in vitro obtained information in the identification of the kinetic equations is minimized. The tendency modeling approach has been used to derive a dynamic model of primary metabolism for aerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on glucose, in which compartmentation is included. Simulation results obtained with the derived model are satisfying for most of the carbon metabolites that have been measured. Compared to a more detailed model, the simulations of our model are less accurate, but taking into account the much smaller number of kinetic parameters (35 instead of 84), the tendency the modeling approach is considered promising.     

江西千烟洲不同恢复途径下白栎种群生物量

利用不同自变量和函数,建立白栎枝条和单株地上各器官的生物量模型,选择其中的最佳模型估算了千烟洲人工造林和自然封育两种恢复途径下白栎种群地上生物量及其年增长量,并利用地上生物量和地下生物量的线性关系,估算了白栎种群地下生物量及其年增长量.结果表明:模拟白栎枝条和单株地上各器官生物量的最佳函数均为幂函数,而最佳自变量分别为d²l和D²H.白栎种群各器官生物量和总生物量均为天然次生林大于人工湿地松林.次生林中白栎种群地上和地下生物量分别为3.592和1.723 t·hm^-2,其中树干生物量>枝生物量>叶生物量;湿地松林中白栎种群地上和地下生物量分别为0.666和0.462 t·hm^-2,其中树干生物量>叶生物量>枝生物量.2004—2006年,两种恢复途径下白栎种群地上、地下及总生物量的年增长量均逐年增加.其中地上生物量年增长量占总年增长量的比重呈逐年升高趋势,湿地松林中由54.35%增至62.20%,次生林中由67.27%增至68.94%.与次生林相比,湿地松林中白栎种群各器官生物量年增长量较小,但其相对增长速率较快.     

GROWTH IN MEDEOLA VIRGINIANA CLONES. II. STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OF VEGETATIVE SPREAD

Medeola virginiana, a forest understory herb, has been hypothesized to minimize competition among ramets by positioning ramets regularly in space (Bell, 1974). We have constructed a computer model that simulates vegetative spread in Medeola by incorporating the variation in growth form found in natural populations. This stochastic model, based on data in Cook (1988), includes variation in the number and type of daughter ramets, the distance between parent and daughter ramets, and the angle of divergence between the lines of growth of the parent and daughter rhizomes. Over a wide range of initial ramet densities, initial degrees of ramet dispersion, and intensities of ramet mortality, our simulations indicate that the growth pattern of M. virginiana leads to aggregated distributions of ramets with overlapping leaf canopies. The observed aggregation of ramets may result from the tendency for directional but variable growth in clones. Such variable growth calls into question adaptive interpretations based on deterministic models that utilize the mean values of growth parameters but ignore the highly variable nature of clonal growth.     

长安区7—18岁农村学生形态发育10年变化分析

目的分析长安区农村学生身体形态发育的10年动态变化和规律,为学校卫生管理部门制定相应政策提供科学的依据。方法采取分层、整群随机抽样方法,选取长安区农村学生1990年与1999年身高、体重两项指标进行统计分析。结果10年间长安区农村学生身体形态发育有明显改善,7—18岁男、女学生身高10年平均增长2.23cm、1.93cm,体重平均增长1.74kg、1.21kg,其增长幅度均低于全国农村学生水平。1999年最大年增长值和最大年增长率均低于1990年,身高、体重发育高峰年龄女生分别提前0.77岁、0.32岁,男生推后0.52岁、0.60岁。结论本地区农村学生身体形态发育仍处于生长长期趋势中,但增长速度已经减慢,学生生长发育的潜力有待充分发挥。     

Estimation of Staphylococcus aureus growth parameters from turbidity data: characterization of strain variation and comparison of methods

Turbidity methods offer possibilities for generating data required for addressing microorganism variability in risk modeling given that the results of these methods correspond to those of viable count methods. The objectives of this study were to identify the best approach for determining growth parameters based on turbidity data and use of a Bioscreen instrument and to characterize variability in growth parameters of 34 Staphylococcus aureus strains of different biotypes isolated from broiler carcasses. Growth parameters were estimated by fitting primary growth models to turbidity growth curves or to detection times of serially diluted cultures either directly or by using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach. The maximum specific growth rates in chicken broth at 17 degrees C estimated by time to detection methods were in good agreement with viable count estimates, whereas growth models (exponential and Richards) underestimated growth rates. Time to detection methods were selected for strain characterization. The variation of growth parameters among strains was best described by either the logistic or lognormal distribution, but definitive conclusions require a larger data set. The distribution of the physiological state parameter ranged from 0.01 to 0.92 and was not significantly different from a normal distribution. Strain variability was important, and the coefficient of variation of growth parameters was up to six times larger among strains than within strains. It is suggested to apply a time to detection (ANOVA) approach using turbidity measurements for convenient and accurate estimation of growth parameters. The results emphasize the need to consider implications of strain variability for predictive modeling and risk assessment.     

羊草无性系植物种群觅养生长格局与资源分配的研究

本文按照理论种群生态学的研究方法,从生长参数的形态功能变化和发育参数的时间变化入手,系统地研究了羊草无性系植物种群觅养生长格局与资源分配的基本规律。研究结果表明,羊草无性系种群适合于用ψ＝0.5、μ=1.0、Tr=7和Ts＝2的分配函数模型描述其觅养生长格局与资源分配。文中建立了大小—制约分配模型,并用此模型预测了与觅养生长格局有关的资源分配。这一研究深刻地揭示了较为动物种群搜索途径复杂得多的无性系植物种群的觅养行为。     

The effect of roughness on biophysical stimuli at the bone-cartilage interface

Numerical simulations are often used to investigate the effect of mechanical environment on fracture healing. Although these models exhibit biologically relevant mechanical parameters at the bone-callus interface, this interface is modelled as perfectly smooth when in fact it is rough. In this study, a macro-micro-two-scale finite element model was used to determine if roughness significantly alters calculated local mechanical parameters. An idealized fracture healing poroelastic model with a small micro-modelled sub-domain of cartilaginous callus adjacent to rough bone was subjected to cyclic loading. The shear stress, tangential fluid velocity, and pore pressure were investigated. With roughness similar to that at the growth plate, solid matrix shear stress differed substantially with interface roughness, whereas interstitial fluid velocity and pore pressure were only slightly affected. Hence, when modelling local micro-mechanical environments near hard-soft tissue interfaces, interface roughness should be considered.