半湿润农田生态系统不同施肥处理对小麦籽粒中氮、磷、钾含量和累积量的效应

本试验在陕西省宝鸡县周原镇油坊村西北农林科技大学宝鸡粮食高产优质试验站进行．该试验站年降雨量679mm．无霜期223d．年均气温12．9C。试验设不施肥、不同氮、磷、钾肥配比下常量施肥和高量施肥各2个水平共5个处理,研究了在不同肥力水平下不同肥料结构和施肥量对小麦籽粒中N、P、K的含量和产量变化．其结果表明：提高N、P、K肥的投入水平。籽粒含N量提高,含K量略有增加,但对籽粒中P的含量影响不大。大幅度提高施肥水平不利于籽粒中N、P和K的积累。不同处理间籽粒中N、P、K产带存在显著的差异。常量处理的N、P、K产量分别比对照高23％～25%、12%～24%和12％～22%;持续提高肥料投入量,N和P产量比对照有不同程度增加,K的产量变化不大,但与常量处理比较．N、P、K产量降低。     

丹参氮、磷肥效效应及最佳施肥模式研究

在陕西省商州市山阳县不同肥力土壤上,采用N、P二因素五水平最优设计,进行了丹参氮、磷优化配方施肥模式研究的多点田问试验。根据田间试验结果,求得不同土壤肥力水平下的N、P肥效反应方程,根据方程提出丹参不同产量水平的N、P合理配比和肥料用量。寻优结果表明,在山阳低肥力土壤目标产量10000～11500kg／hm^2之间的施氮为88．17～165．7kg／hm^2,施磷(P2O4)为88．18～165．7kg／hm^2;中肥力土壤目标产量在11000～14000kg／hm^2之间的施N量为108．5～187．4kg／hm^2,施磷(P2O5)为105．1～179．5kg／hm^2;高肥力土壤目标产量在20000～25000kg／hm^2之间的施N量为85．4～173．1kg／hm^2,施磷(P2O5)为121．95～179．01kg／hm^2。合理施用N、P肥有利于提高丹参产量,但过量施肥会造成丹参减产。     

有限灌溉对半干旱区春小麦根系发育的影响

 对半干旱区旱地春小麦(Triticum aestivum)的有限灌溉试验表明,苗期灌溉显著减少春小麦三叶期—抽穗期总根量和根密度,并促使开花期根系的良好更新和下扎,明显提高春小麦水分利用效率和籽粒产量。苗期水分胁迫则导致春小麦生长前期根系过大,影响地上部分的生长并加重土壤水分的亏缺,籽粒产量严重下降。     

丹参高产栽培优化配方施肥技术研究

采用N、P二因素五水平和N、P、K三因素五水平最优设计,在陕西商洛进行了丹参的氮磷钾肥施用量及配比试验研究。求得丹参NP和NPK的肥效反应数学模型,通过模拟选优,提出了丹参El标产量在5000～5700kg／hm^2之间的N、P用量是N115．5～214．3kg／hm^2,P2O5用量是153．4～243．4kg／hm^2(N：P2O5=1：1．15)。丹参目标产量在8000～9500kg／hm^2之间的N、P、K施肥用量N133．8～207．5kg／hm^2,P2O5用量是68．25～115．8kg／hm^2,K2O用量是80．3～146．5kg／hm^2(N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．54：0．67)。     

黄绵土坡耕地大豆的水肥产量效应

研究了不同施肥量(N、P配施)下黄绵土坡耕地大豆的水肥产量效应．结果表明,水分利用效率(WUE)与作物产量(Y)正相关,y＝0．0017l 0.0035WUE．单施磷时,作物产量和WUE随磷的增加而增大;单施氮时,作物产量和WUE随氯的增加先增大后降低,表明施用氮应该配合施用一定量的磷．施肥能显著提高作物产量和WUE,与不施肥相比,施肥时作物产量和WUE分别提高了86．76％一470．16％和69．64％一438．47．与单施氦、磷相比,氮、磷合理配施能提高作物产量和水分利用效率,适宜的N、P(P205)配施比例为1．3：1．     

延安市日光温室蔬菜施肥现状与环境效应

调查分析延安市日光温室蔬菜目前的施肥现状和存在问题,结果表明蔬菜主要施肥问题是偏施氮磷肥,而且用量超过蔬菜的需肥量,忽视钾肥和微量元素的施用。过量施肥造成土壤NO3^-—N累积和地下水NO3^-—N含量超标,地下水NO3^-—N含量达142mg／L。根据西红柿和黄瓜的需肥要求,提出了黄瓜和西红柿合理的N、P、K肥和有机肥用量。日光温室黄瓜产量150000kg／hm^2的施用量为N750—840kg／hm^2,P2O5 450—540kg／hm^2,K2O 450—750kg/hm^2,有机肥60-80t/hm^2较为合理。日光温室西红柿180 000kg/hm^2产量的施用量为N810-960kg/hm^2,P2O5 420-510kg／hm^2,K2O 540-690kg／hm^2,有机肥50-80t/hm^2较为合理。分析了施肥对土壤环境和地下水NO3^-—N含量的影响,并提出了日光温室蔬菜施肥的改进措施。     

灌浆期水分亏缺条件下二、四、六倍体小麦收获指数和水分利用效率的演化

为揭示不同倍性小麦生长发育、产量性状及水分利用对灌浆期水分亏缺响应的差异,选用二倍体野生一粒小麦(Triticum boeoticum)、栽培一粒小麦(T.monococcum),四倍体野生二粒小麦(T.dicoccoides)、栽培二粒小麦(T.dicoccon),和两个普通六倍体小麦(T.aestivum)品种‘长武134’和‘陕253’6个小麦品种作为供试材料。采用盆栽控水的方法,测定和分析了不同灌浆期土壤水分条件下小麦株高、旗叶叶面积、穗长、根干重、地上生物量、根冠比、千粒重、粒数、产量、收获指数、蒸腾耗水量和水分利用效率等性状的变化。在小麦染色体倍体由二倍体向六倍体进化的过程中,小麦地上生物量、千粒重、穗粒数、产量、收获指数和水分利用效率都显著增加。随着土壤水分从正常→中度亏缺→重度亏缺的减少,收获指数先增大后减小,分别为41.26%、42.48%和38.19%;生物量水分利用效率逐渐增大,分别为2.39、2.43和2.53g·kg–1;产量水分利用效率分别为1.05、1.10和1.04g·kg–1。在灌浆期水分条件是影响收获指数和水分利用效率的关键因素之一。灌浆期的水分亏缺有利于六倍体小麦的收获指数和四倍体的生物量水分利用效率的提高。中度的水分亏缺有利于四倍体和六倍体产量水分利用效率的提高。     

小麦花后水分亏缺和复水对同化物转运和籽粒灌浆的影响

为了阐明水分亏缺对小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆的影响及其生理机制的相关变化,以盆栽小麦旱作品种‘长旱58’为材料,自花后9 d起,设置正常供水(WW)、中度干旱胁迫后复水(MD)和重度干旱胁迫后复水 (SD)3个水分处理,比较干旱胁迫后复水处理对小麦籽粒产量、产量构成因素及水分利用效率、强弱势粒灌浆动态、旗叶光合性能、茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)转运、籽粒形成关键酶活性变化等的影响。结果表明：(1)与WW相比,MD处理显著增加了小麦穗粒数和千粒重,进而提高籽粒产量、水分利用效率和小麦弱势粒的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率,对强势粒则无显著影响,而SD处理则显著降低了穗粒数、千粒重、强弱势粒的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率,但水分利用效率显著高于WW处理。(2)MD处理植株旗叶在小麦灌浆过程中维持了与WW基本相同的净光合速率,同时在小麦花后9~20 d时MD处理下气孔导度和蒸腾速率变化不明显,而在SD处理下气孔导度和蒸腾速率则急剧下降;另外,与WW相比,在整个灌浆期MD处理下旗叶叶绿素含量变化不显著,而SD处理下叶绿素含量呈大幅下降趋势。(3)MD处理提高了小麦弱势粒蔗糖合成酶和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性;同时使灌浆中后期有较高的果聚糖水解酶(FEH)活性和较低果聚糖含量,显著增强了茎鞘同化物质转运,提高茎鞘储藏物质对粒重的贡献率。研究发现,中度水分胁迫后复水处理小麦植株具有较好的叶片性能、花后较多的茎鞘同化物向籽粒转运以及较高的弱势粒库活性,从而提高旱作小麦弱势粒灌浆速率,增加穗粒数和粒重, 进而提高籽粒产量。     

不同时期羣体密度与氮肥条件对小麦穗发育的影响(初报)

1.本试验在高度密植基础上,用在不同时期予以稀疏的方法,来分析密度对小麦穗器官等性状发生影响的主要期间;在一般密度基础上增施肥料,来分析前、中期施肥对穗器官发育的作用。 2.播种至二稜期前密度对减低单株有效蘖数的影响最为显著。 3.二稜期至小穗突起期间密度对植株干重及每穗小穗数减少的影响最为明显。 4.顶穗分化期以后密度影响每穗总粒数的形成。 5.抽穗以后的羣体密度对每株总粒重及千粒重影响最大。 6.二稜期或顶穗分化期增施肥料有提高有效蘖数的效果。     

灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响

以黄瓜为试验材料,研究灌水量和滴灌施肥方式对日光温室黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响.设两个水分水平(100％ET0,W1;75％ET0,W2)和4种滴灌施肥方式处理,不同滴灌施肥方式处理按推荐施肥量(N∶P2 O5∶K2 O分别为360∶180∶540 kg·hm-2)的100％、66.6％、33.3％、0％(Z100、Z66、Z33、Z0)分8次滴灌施肥,剩余肥料一次性基施;另设不施肥处理为对照(CK).结果表明:滴灌施肥比例和水分与黄瓜的株高、叶面积、干物质量、产量和品质均呈正相关关系.W1 Z100处理的产量最高(67760 kg·hm-2);W2处理的平均水分利用效率比W1处理高9.4％,其中W2Z100处理的水分利用效率最高(47.71 kg·m-3),其产量比最高产量低3.4％却节水25％.与Z0相比,Z100的黄瓜产量和干物质量分别增加15.3％和16.8％;同时,黄瓜果实中维生素C、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量增加;水分利用效率增加19.1％.W2Z100处理为温室黄瓜高产、优质、节水的最佳处理.     

保护性耕作对陇中旱作农田水分特征的影响

陇中旱农区生产力水平低而不稳,而保护性耕作措施是农业可持续发展的重要途径.本研究依托2001年建立在陇中旱农区的长期不同耕作措施的定位试验,研究了不同耕作措施对土壤水分入渗、蒸发、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响.该试验共设6个处理,分别为传统耕作(T)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆翻入(TS)、传统耕作+覆膜(TP)、免耕覆膜(NTP),春小麦和豌豆年间轮作.结果表明:与T处理相比, NTS处理的小麦地和豌豆地的土壤容重显著降低,总孔隙度显著增加.保护性耕作措施降低了豌豆地0～5 cm土壤渗吸率,NTS处理渗吸率比T处理降低56.2%.保护性耕作提高了土壤饱和导水率,无论小麦地和豌豆地,NTS均比T处理显著提高了饱和导水率,增幅为52.8%～107.1%.保护性耕作显著降低了作物生育期棵间蒸发量,NTP、TP、NTS比T处理降低了14.4%～50.8%,并减弱了雨后土壤蒸发.保护性耕作提高了作物产量和水分利用效率,NTS、TP、NTP的产量比传统耕作提高了9.5%～62.8%,水分利用效率比传统耕作提高了0.4%～50.9%.因此,在陇中旱农区,保护性耕作措施可以提高水分利用效率,增加作物产量.     

冬小麦种植模式对水分利用效率的影响

在同一种植密度下,设3种种植模式,包括25 cm等行距平作、"20+40"大小行平作和"20+40"沟播。研究了冬小麦沟播和平作种植对产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,"20+40"沟播产量显著高于平作;叶片相对含水量(RWC)、水势(Ψw)和叶片水平水分利用效率随生育进程的推进呈整体下降趋势,其中,沟播处理RWC、Ψw和叶片水平水分利用效率的平均值均显著高于等行距和"20+40"平作处理;另外,"20+40"沟播还能明显提高冬小麦田土壤贮水量,减少总耗水量,从而提高水分利用效率。灌水增加了冬小麦产量和叶片相对含水量等各水分指标,降低了水分利用效率,减小了各种植模式间差异。"20+40"沟播在灌水135 mm条件下既保障产量又较等行距节水25%。由此表明,冬小麦"20+40"沟播可改善叶片水分状况,提高水分利用效率,增加作物产量。     

Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Diploid, Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheats

Three diploid (Triticum boeoticum, AA; Aegilops speltoides, BB and Ae. tauschii, DD), two tetraplold (T. dlcoccoides,AABB and T. dicoccon, AABB) and one hexaploid (T. vulgare, AABBDD) varieties of wheat, which are very important in the evolution of wheat were chosen in this study. A pot experiment was carried out on the wheat under different water and nutrient conditions (i) to understand the differences in biomass, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nutrient (N, P and K) use efficiency (uptake and utilization efficiency) among ploldles in the evolution of wheat; (ii) to clarify the effect of water and nutrient conditions on water and nutrient use efficiency; and (iii) to assess the relationship of water and nutrient use efficiency in the evolution of wheat. Our results showed that from diploid to tetraploid then to hexaploid during the evolution of wheat, both root biomass and above-ground biomass increased initially and then decreased. Water consumption for transpiration decreased remarkably, correlating with the decline of the growth period, while grain yield, harvest index, WUE, N, P and K uptake efficiency, and N, P and K utilization efficiency increased significantly. Grain yield, harvest index and WUE decreased in the same order: T.vulgare ＞ T. dicoccon ＞ T. dicoccoides ＞ Ae. tauschii ＞ Ae. speltoides ＞ T. boeoticum. Water stress significantly decreased root biomass, above-ground biomass, yield, and water consumption for transpiration by 47-52%, butremarkably increased WUE. Increasing the nutrient supply increased wheat above-ground biomass, grain yield,harvest index, water consumption for transpiration and WUE under different water levels, but reduced root biomass under drought conditions. Generally, water stress and low nutrient supply resulted in the lower nutrientuptake efficiency of wheat. However, water and nutrient application had no significant effects on nutrient utilization efficiency, suggesting that wheat nutrient utilization efficiency is mainly controlled by genotypes. Compared to theother two diploid wheats, Ae. squarrosa (DD) had significant higher WUE and nutrient utilization efficiency, Indicating that the D genome may carry genes controlling high efficient utilization of water and nutrient. Significant relationships were found between WUE and N, P and K utilization efficiency.     

黄土高原南部春玉米地膜栽培的水肥效应与氮肥去向

在黄土高原南部采用田间小区和微区试验,研究了春玉米地膜栽培下氮肥-水分-产量关系与氮肥去向。结果表明,相同施肥条件下地膜栽培(N120C)比平作栽培(N120UC)增产显著(46．7％),施用氮肥显著地发挥了地膜的增产潜力,处理N120(尿素氮120kg·hm^-2)、N180(尿素氮180kg·hm^-2)和N120M(尿素氮120kg·hm^-2+有机肥氮60kg·hm^-2),籽粒产量比对照CK(不施氮)分别增产41．8％、43．9％和34．7％,地膜栽培或施用氮肥都极大地改善了玉米水分生产效率(WUE)和降水利用率(RUE),试验中N120C比N120UC水分生产效率提高57．9％。降水利用效率提高54．5％;处理N120、N180和N120M比CK处理WUE分别提高38．4％、47．4％和32．4％,RUE分别提高42．3％、43．9％和34．7％,由于供试有机肥是半腐解的牛粪,比尿素氮素供给迟缓,所以对玉米产量和WUE提高幅度小,试验水分测定反映出,玉米利用的水分73．0％～83．7％来自降雨,表明决定春玉米产量的关键水分是生育期降水,玉米地膜栽培对氮肥去向有微弱影响,相对于平作玉米,氮肥总的回收率差异不大,但氮肥利用率下降7．3个百分点,土壤残留率上升6．4个百分点,土壤当季残留氮主要集中在0～20cm,不会发生向深层大量的淋溶和累积。     

长期施肥对黄土高原黄绵土氮肥利用率的影响

氮肥利用率是确定推荐施氮量和施氮效果评价的关键参数.本文通过黄土高原黄绵土区持续34年(1981—2015年)的长期定位试验,研究了长期不同施肥处理对氮肥当季利用率和累积利用率的影响及氮肥当季利用率与累积利用率的关系.结果表明: 除试验起始年(1982)外,不同施肥处理对小麦、油菜和胡麻3种作物氮肥的当季利用率和累积利用率都有显著影响,其中小麦以氮磷钾配施(NPK)处理平均氮肥当季利用率最高,其次为氮磷配施(NP)处理,分别较单施氮肥(N)处理提高了77.7%和62.0%;油菜也以氮磷钾配施(NPK)处理平均氮肥当季利用率最高,其次为有机肥与氮磷钾配施(MNPK)处理,分别较单施氮肥处理提高了93.7%和65.6%.有机肥与氮肥配施(MN)处理氮肥当季利用率较单施氮肥(N)处理显著增加,而有机肥与氮磷配施(MNP)和氮磷钾配施(MNPK)处理氮肥当季利用率较相应氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷钾配施(NPK)处理明显降低.氮肥当季利用率与作物籽粒产量存在显著的线性正相关关系,而累积利用率与作物籽粒产量的相关关系不明显.表明与氮肥累积利用率相比,当季利用率能较及时地反映特定土壤肥力、作物种类、品种和环境条件下的肥料利用率特征.     

Dryland residue and soil organic matter as influenced by tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice

Novel management practices are needed to increase dryland soil organic matter and crop yields that have been declining due to long-term conventional tillage with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow system in the northern Great Plains, USA. The effects of tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice were evaluated on dryland crop biomass (stems + leaves) yield, surface residue, and soil organic C (SOC) and total N (STN) at the 0?C20?cm depth in a Williams loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid, Typic Argiustolls) from 2004 to 2007 in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were two tillage practices [no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)], four crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (CW), spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (W-P), spring wheat-barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.) hay-pea (W-B-P), and spring wheat-barley hay-corn (Zea mays L.)-pea (W-B-C-P)], and two cultural practices [regular (conventional seed rates and plant spacing, conventional planting date, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height) and ecological (variable seed rates and plant spacing, delayed planting, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height)]. Crop biomass and N content were 4 to 44% greater in W-B-C-P than in CW in 2004 and 2005 and greater in ecological than in regular cultural practice in CT. Soil surface residue amount and C and N contents were greater in NT than in CT, greater in CW, W-P, and W-B-C-P than in W-B-P, and greater in 2006 and 2007 than in 2004 and 2005. The SOC and STN concentrations at 0?C5?cm were 4 to 6% greater in CW than in W-P or W-B-P in NT and CT from 2005 and 2007. In 2007, SOC content at 10?C20?cm was greater in W-P and W-B-P than in W-B-C-P in CT but STN was greater in W-B-P and W-B-C-P than in CW in NT. From 2004 to 2007, SOC and STN concentrations varied at 0?C5?cm but increased at 5?C20?cm. Diversified crop rotation and delayed planting with higher seed rates and banded N fertilization increased the amount of crop biomass returned to the soil and surface residue C and N. Although no-tillage increased surface residue C and N, continuous nonlegume cropping increased soil C and N levels at the surface layer compared with other crop rotations. Continued return of crop residue from 2004 to 2007 may increase soil C and N levels but long-term studies are needed to better evaluate the effect of management practices on soil C and N levels under dryland cropping systems in the northern Great Plains.     

Responses of soil water balance and precipitation storage efficiency to increased fertilizer application in winter wheat

Increased fertilizer use over many years may have detrimental effects on crop production due to its high soil water consumption in rainfed regions. In this study, based on a long-term fertilization experiment initiated in 1984, we report the effect of increased fertilization on soil water balance, precipitation storage efficiency (PSE), yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat from 2005 to 2009. The experimental design consisted of a control treatment (CK) and three fertilizer treatments: nitrogen, phosphorus and manure (NPM), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), and nitrogen (N). Soil water storage in NP and NPM was significantly lower than that in CK and N at both harvest and planting time. Compared with the CK, on average, treatments N, NP and NPM increased soil water recharge during the fallow period by 11%, 22% and 17%, and they also increased soil water depletion during growing season by 17%, 23% and 23% (P?<?0.05), respectively. The average value of annual soil water balance was positive for all treatments, and was not significantly different among treatments. Increased fertilizer application significantly (P?<?0.05) increased PSE during the summer fallow periods, and the average PSE was 28%, 32%, 34% and 33% for CK, N, NP and NPM, respectively. Wheat yield and water use efficiency increased significantly after long term fertilization, especially for treatments NP and NPM. The results indicated that more of rainfall was used for evapotranspiration and less was lost during the fallow season for the high fertility treatments after long term fertilizer application. In the long run, such changes in water use pattern could help to improve the sustainability of winter wheat production.     

Long-Term Monitoring of Rainfed Wheat Yield and Soil Water at the Loess Plateau Reveals Low Water Use Efficiency

Increasing crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in dryland farming requires a quantitative understanding of relationships between crop yield and the water balance over many years. Here, we report on a long-term dryland monitoring site at the Loess Plateau, Shanxi, China, where winter wheat was grown for 30 consecutive years and soil water content (0–200 cm) was measured every 10 days. The monitoring data were used to calibrate the AquaCrop model and then to analyse the components of the water balance. There was a strong positive relationship between total available water and mean cereal yield. However, only one-third of the available water was actually used by the winter wheat for crop transpiration. The remaining two-thirds were lost by soil evaporation, of which 40 and 60% was lost during the growing and fallow seasons, respectively. Wheat yields ranged from 0.6 to 3.9 ton/ha and WUE from 0.3 to 0.9 kg/m³. Results of model experiments suggest that minimizing soil evaporation via straw mulch or plastic film covers could potentially double wheat yields and WUE. We conclude that the relatively low wheat yields and low WUE were mainly related to (i) limited rainfall, (ii) low soil water storage during fallow season due to large soil evaporation, and (iii) poor synchronisation of the wheat growing season to the rain season. The model experiments suggest significant potential for increased yields and WUE.     

秸秆还田和秋施肥对旱地玉米生长发育及水肥效应的影响

在我国北方半湿润偏旱区的晋东豫西(寿阳)旱农试验区,持续10年进行了多种方式秸秆还田与秋季深施肥配合定位试验。探讨秸秆还田秋施肥对旱地玉米生长发育、产量、土壤水肥高效利用和土壤肥力变化的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田秋施肥较好地解决了深施肥与春季保墒捉全苗的矛盾,以及秸秆腐解与幼苗争夺水分养分而影响玉米幼苗生长的矛盾,秸秆资源丰富的区域优势得以充分利用,土壤微生物活动更为活跃,土壤水肥状况得到明显改善。表现为玉米苗全苗壮,根系发达,植株叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率提高,水分利用效率年平均提高了3．26～4．51kg·hm^-2·mm^-1,生育期耗水量累计减少8．1～264．5mm,氮、磷肥利用率分别提高了3．9％～13．9％和3．0％～9．1％,水肥资源得到了高效利用,10年累计增加12．10～17．27t·hm^-2玉米籽粒,增产幅度达25．6％～36．5％。玉米产量年际间波动减小,同时维持了较高的土壤肥力和生产力。     

供肥对小麦间作蚕豆群体产量及根系的调控

利用田间,池栽,盆栽等方法,对不同N,P水平下小麦间作蚕豆群体根系的时空分布及产量效应进行了研究。结果表明,供P对小麦-蚕豆间作系统有明显的增产作用,与不供P相比,田间试验中供P处理间作小麦和蚕豆分别提高了48.39%和16.69%,池栽试验中群体产量增产幅度为20.07%-43.14%。间作蚕豆经济产量增幅为58.46%-78.78%,小麦间作蚕豆多作系统2种作物根密度生长高峰期交错出现,小麦的峰值出现早于蚕豆,其中,小麦和蚕豆根干重最大值分别出现在抽穗期和成熟期,而根长的最大值分别出现在拔节期和成熟期,这在一定程度上减轻了共生期2种作物对水肥的竞争,也是此群体增产增效的原因之一,施P处理间作小麦的根重,根长和根表面积分别比不施P处理提高54.33%,48.88%和47.00%;施N处理间作小麦的根重,根长和根表面积分别比不施N的增加15.25%,11.61%和11.46%。间作小麦根重的57.61%和蚕豆的69.20%分布在0-30cm土层,随施P水平的提高,总根干重及根密度都趋于增加,且深层土壤中根系增加明显。