18.4mm橡皮霰弹对动物致伤后生物学效应及X线表现

目的：近年来,防暴武器的发展迅速,防暴武器伤的救治已成为医学上的一个重要研究课题。在此背景下,制定了18.4 mm橡皮霰弹的生物学试验模型,即在常温状态下,研究18.4 mm橡皮霰弹对两种试验动物在不同距离、不同防护、不同部位条件下的胸、腹部损伤情况。通过损伤效应研究,判断防暴武器的安全性能及损伤特点,为客观的从生物学角度评价防暴武器性能及防暴武器伤的救治提供可靠的生物学依据,建立可靠的生物学模型,并进一步探讨损伤后X线检查的重要性和必要性。方法：利用两种动物、三个距离、三种防护、四个部位定点射击,从临床及X线表现等多方面进行比较、分析,并得出统计学结果。结果：两种生物、三种条件、三个距离、四个部位均出现了不同程度橡皮弹损伤,体内出现具有统计学规律的弹丸存留,部分出现贯通伤。结论：18.4 mm橡皮霰弹的损伤程度与距离增加呈负相关,三种距离条件下,5 m对生物的损伤最大。动物种类的不同,射击部位的不同,有着明显的损伤差异,主要与组织厚度和组织结构特点有关与组织厚度和组织结构特点有关。损伤的程度,与防护密切相关,三种防护条件下,棉服防护的损伤效应明显减轻。X线摄片检查可以直观显示弹丸在其体内存留的数量、位置及深度,以及造成的骨折损伤,可以为临床解剖提供比较可靠的依据,为防暴武器生物学试验提供较为直观的影像学依据。     

常温环境下38mm软体变形弹生物致伤效应实验研究

目的:从生物学角度评估38mm软体变形弹的杀伤威力,并阐明其生物致伤效应。方法:常温条件下,对生物模型进行实弹射击,将猪和羊(各9只)按照射击距离的不同(3 m、5 m、10 m)分成三组,每组三只,射击部位为四肢、胸部、腹部及臀部。结果:局部损伤主要表现为单纯血液循环障碍或血液循环障碍伴随表皮剥落;临床解剖发现,在5 m距离上可致羊脏器破裂、肋骨骨折,在3 m距离上可致猪肺广泛性出血,同等条件羊的损伤程度较猪重。结论:我们认为,5 m距离内被38 mm软体变形弹击中,对人有可能造成血气胸,5 m距离外局部创伤可在数天后自行吸收、消退或愈合,一般无需医学处理。     

中华眼镜蛇毒致局部组织损伤的动物实验研究

目的对中华眼镜蛇毒致局部组织损伤的6种治疗方法,通过动物实验进行疗效优劣比较,找出最佳治疗方法。方法用中华眼镜蛇毒制作动物家兔局部组织损伤模型,分别采用6种不同的治疗方法进行局部治疗,观察其疗效。结果6种治疗方法从优到劣依次是：抗蛇毒血清局部注射-糜蛋白酶局部注射-蛇伤药酒外敷-坏死组织早期切除-局部烧灼法-局部组织切开冲洗。结论中华眼镜蛇伤致局部组织损伤的治疗方法应首选抗蛇毒血清局部注射和糜蛋白酶局部注射,其次选用蛇伤药酒外敷．     

应激对机体脑体功能的影响及其生物学机制初探

目的：探讨应激对机体脑体功能的损伤效应及其生物学机制,为应激损伤防护措施的制订提供科学依据。方法：采用束缚应激模型,观察模型动物认知功能、体能、海马LTP、血浆糖皮质激素、心电图、心肌组织结构等指标的变化。结果：应激动物学习记忆能力和运动耐力明显下降,血浆糖皮质激素水平显著升高,海马LTP诱发受到抑制,心电图异常改变,心功能紊乱,心肌组织结构出现病理损伤,心肌细胞凋亡率增加,心肌组织Hsp70表达水平随应激强度增加而逐渐降低。结论：应激诱导机体神经一内分泌功能紊乱,进而导致机体脑体功能损伤。     

高寒环境实验兔骨骼肌火器伤组织病理学观察

目的:探讨高寒低温干燥自然条件下,火器伤病理组织学变化特点,为临床救治及预防冻-火器复合伤提供依据。方法:对一组实验兔,在-18℃～-22℃低温干燥自然条件下,用5.62 mm小口径手枪,距0.5cm射击双后肢,制做冻-火器复合伤模型;观察骨骼肌火器伤病理组织学改变及超微结构特征。结果:高寒低温干燥自然条件下冻-火器复合伤的病理改变,挫伤区组织以坏死为主,震动区以变性为主。提示高寒低温环境肌组织火器伤病理改变是火器与高寒低温共同引起损伤,高寒条件加剧损伤程度;而在创伤肌组织震荡区中,仍保存较多的肌性修复功能,呈现以肌巨细胞增生性为主的修复过程。结论:高寒干燥自然条件下早期脱离高寒环境,可以较好地减轻或预防冻-火器复合伤的程度。     

系统素、茉莉酸在番茄系统伤反应中的作用

当植物受到机械损伤或昆虫伤害时,植物体会在受伤部位产生伤信号分子启动防御基因的系统表达,蛋白酶抑制剂基因是防御基因的一典型代表.番茄是研究植物系统伤信号很好的模式植物,目前,三种类型的番茄系统伤信号突变体被鉴定出来,通过对番茄系统伤信号突变体进行功能分析并在它们之间进行相互嫁接实验,研究结果表明系统素和茉莉酸通过同一信号通路来激活防御基因的系统表达.系统素(或它的前体原系统素)在受伤部位激活茉莉酸的合成,使之达到系统反应的水平,应对外来伤害;茉莉酸或其衍生物是重要的系统伤信号分子,它诱导伤防御基因的系统表达.植物的系统伤反应可比做动物的炎症反应,它们之间有许多相似之处.     

内皮素的生物学功能

内皮素的生物学功能李福恩,丁莉莉（滨州医学院,山东２５６６０３）关键词内皮素,生物学功能在心血管系统中的作用内皮素（ｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｎ,简称ＥＴ）对多种动物组织、各种血管都有强大而持久的收缩作用。三种ＥＴ收缩血管的强度不同,ＥＴ－２＞ＥＴ－１＞ＥＴ...     

红皮云杉茎的解剖结构与插条不定根形成的研究

１９９２年７－８月定时固定红皮云杉插条基部材料于ＦＡＡ液中,石蜡制片法室内解剖研究不定根的发生。结果表明：红皮云杉插条诱发根原基的来源有两种途径。一种是愈伤组织生根型,在愈伤组织的再生形成层处,或茎的维管形成层诱发根原基;另一种是非愈伤组织生根型,在插条切口处的维管形成层、皮层或初生木质部与次生木质部间的薄壁组织较深的部位,直接产生纵向不定根原始体,有的在距离切口０．１－０．５ｃｍ以上茎的维管形成层,维管形成层与木射线的交界处及叶隙等薄壁组织产生径向不定根。不同个体间产生的不定根数量及发育的早晚差异较大。     

HPM长期辐照的眼生物效应研究

目的：研究高功率微波（HPM）在不同平均功率和不同重复频率条件下长期多次照射对眼组织结构的生物效应,为我国HPM安全防护提供生物学依据。方法：采用自行研制的HPM效应模拟源远场平面波（峰值功率密度50W／cm^2）分3个不同平均功率水平,每天6min持续照射1个月,并在照后5个时间点通过眼底镜、裂隙灯观察、组织病理学方法等研究HPM长期照射对动物眼重要部位结构的生物效应。结果：HPM照射后眼角膜、晶状体、眼底等组织结构都出现了不同程度的病理变化,并呈现出一定的时效和量效关系;其中角膜病变依剂量不同可分别于照后2月到照后6月恢复正常,而晶状体病变在观察期内（照后6月）仍未见恢复,照射后动物眼底动静脉和毛细血管稍有扩张充血,但未见瘢痕、裂隙、出血等表现。结论：实验所用剂量范围内的HPM重复照射可以对动物角膜、晶状体、玻璃体等部位造成一定程度的生物效应,并呈现出一定的量效关系;在实验的观察期内,角膜和眼底依照射剂量不同可分别于照后不同期间恢复正常,但晶状体混浊在观察期末仍未见恢复,能否发展成微波白内障尚需观察。     

布鲁氏菌变态反应原的研究Ⅴ.犬种菌的变态反应原性

我们按照规程要求制备了犬种菌素。它在致敏豚鼠和人体中证明了:它虽为粗糙型菌种,但仍具有变态反应原性;用死菌液10亿/0.1ml给致敏动物作皮试,亦出现良好的变态反应。24小时反应强度为15.8—18.4mm;48小时为6.8—10.8mm。犬种菌液热处理后,其上清液经硫酸铵透析,取其粗提蛋白作为变态反应原,用50μg/0.1ml给致敏动物作皮试,经犬种菌免疫的动物出现弱变态反应(24小时均在10mm以下),经活菌苗致敏的动物出现较强的变态反应(24小时为13—14mm,48小时为10.5—11mm)。犬种     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.