基于线粒体细胞色素b基因序列探讨红喉姬鹟两亚种的分类地位

以线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的全序列作为遗传标记 ,探讨红喉姬普通亚种 (Ficedulaparvaal bicilla)和指名亚种 (F .p .parva)的分类地位。应用Kimura 2 parameter法计算出红喉姬普通亚种个体间的遗传距离为 0 1%～ 0 2 % ,而与指名亚种之间的遗传距离为 6 4 % ,两亚种之间的遗传距离远远大于种间的遗传距离。结合形态学的特征我们认为 :红喉姬指名亚种和普通亚种应为两个独立种 ,分别为红喉姬 (F .albicilla)和红胸姬 (F .parva) ,两者的分化时间为 3 15～ 3 2 5百万年     

中国鸟类亚种新记录——黑冠黄鹎

2010年12月和2011年4月,分别在广西西北部百色市右江区和靖西县古龙山自然保护区拍摄和观察到黑冠黄鹎(Pycnonotus flaviventris)的johnsoni亚种.其喉部为红色,与中国其他记录亚种区别明显,属中国鸟类亚种的新记录.该文亦初步讨论了该亚种的分类和分布.     

角蟾科一新亚种——炳灵角蟾梵净山亚种

报道了角蟾科一新亚种,该亚种具角蟾属特征,与峨眉角蟾种组中的炳灵角蟾(Megophrysbinlingensis)形态特征最为相近,但与该组成员又有明显区别,被命名为炳灵角蟾梵净山亚种(M.b.fanjingmontis subsp.nov.)。本亚种主要鉴别特征为犁骨棱较弱,后端无犁骨齿,上颌有细齿;第一、二指上婚刺细密,趾侧缘膜窄;体腹面斑少,两侧黑褐色长形斑明显;体型较大,雄性头体长大于60.00 mm;趾间具1/3蹼。     

色木槭的变异式样及其分类学

色木槭(Aeer mono Maxim.)是分布于亚洲东部的一个变异极大的种。本文报道了7个亚种:色木槭(原亚种)(subsp.mono);海岛色木槭(亚种)(subsp.marmoraturn(Nichols.)T.Z.Hsu);毛萼色木槭(亚种)(subsp.glabrum(Levl.et Vant.)T.Z.Hsu);里光色木槭(亚种)(subsp.trichobasis(Nakai)T.Z.Hsu);金沙色木槭(亚种)(subsp.tricuspis(Rehd.)T.Z.Hsu);弯翅色木槭(亚种)(subsp.incurvaturn(Fang et P.L.Chiu)T.Z.Hsu);粉绿色木槭(亚种)(subsp.glaucum(Koidz.)T.Z.Hsu),讨论了其变异式样和地理分布。     

西南地区社鼠的亚种分化兼二新亚种描记

系统整理了我国西南及其邻近地区的社鼠标本,发现原指名亚种分布区内的四川雅江八角楼一带的标本,因体背暗黄褐色显著,尾无白色尖端等特征有别于社鼠指名亚种和其他亚种,且其颧板宽与指名亚种Ｎｉｖｉｖｅｎｔｅｒ ｃｏｎｆｕｃｉａｎｕｓ ｃｏｎｆｕｃｉａｎｕｓ之间的差异系数（Ｃ．Ｄ．）达１．４９,达到亚种水平;而云南德钦的社鼠,因其体背毛黄灰褐色显著,听泡较小,平均约４．９ｍｍ等特征与指名亚种及其他亚种差异明     

杂色山雀的研究现状

杂色山雀Parus varius是一种分布区域狭窄的小型森林洞巢鸟类,为东亚特有鸟类,主要分布在中国、日本和朝鲜半岛,全球现有8个亚种.中国仅有2亚种,P.v.varius繁殖于辽宁东部山区,P.v.castaneoventris仅分布于台湾,均为当地留鸟;除P.v.castaneoventris以外,其他亚种在日本均有分布.本文根据国内外对该物种的研究情况,对其亚种分布、生态生物学、种群遗传结构及形态学等方面作了综述,以期为后续研究提供参考.     

玉头鹟的一新亚种——天全玉头鹟 Ficedula sapphira tienchuanensis(鹟科:鹟亚科)

正模标本(图1)雄性成鸟(登记号码:37938)由全国强、唐宗敬等同志于1959年5月5日自四川天全(海拔约1,100米)采得,现收藏于北京中国科学院动物研究所鸟类标本室。 鉴别特征 本亚种与玉头鹟模式亚种(图2)不同在于雄者的颏和喉纯白,雌者的颏和喉仅稍沾些棕色,但均无橙棕色喉斑,如在模式亚种然。飞羽式:2≤6,>7;模式亚种2=7。     

中国橙腹长吻松鼠种下分类的探讨

通过系统观察我国西南部的橙腹长吻松鼠,应分为4亚种。西藏东南部米什米山区、察隅和云南西北部高黎贡山一带的D.l.subflaviventris应为一有效亚种;西藏南部聂拉木等地的橙腹长吻松鼠D.l.nielamuensis为新亚种,它们有头骨小、体色浅等特点;西藏南部雅鲁藏布江大拐弯以西的墨脱亚种D.l.motuoensis也为有效亚种:南亚亚种D.l.garonum亦应有效。     

四川旋木雀一新亚种—天全亚种（雀形目：旋木雀科）

本文报道了旋木雀的一新亚种,命名为旋木雀天全亚种Ｃｅｒｔｈｉａ ｆａｍｉｌｉａｒｉｓ ｔｉａｎｑｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,并记述了新亚种同国内已知亚种区别的形态特征。     

黑龙江省烟腹毛脚燕及其种名修订

毛脚燕(Delichon urbica)有5个亚种,在我国东北地区的分布,过去认为是lagopoda亚种[1～4].其中dacypus亚种没有分布的报道,现根据笔者的调查和标本的鉴定,认为分布于黑龙江省的是dacypus亚种.而该亚种现已和cashmeriensis、 nigrimentalis两亚种一起从毛脚燕中分离出来,单立为独立的种--烟腹毛脚燕(D. dacypus )[5～8].在黑龙江省分布的是指名亚种,并为东北地区及黑龙江省鸟类分布新记录种.标本衡量度如下.     

Species delimitation in the Hwamei Garrulax canorus

Due to the male's elaborate songs, the Hwamei Garrulax canorus is the most popular caged bird in the global Chinese community. Three allopatric Hwamei subspecies have been described: G. c. canorus in central and southern China and northern Indochina, G. c. owstoni from Hainan and G. c. taewanus from Taiwan. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to reconstruct the molecular intraspecific phylogeny of the Hwamei. Molecular phylogenetic trees indicated that individuals of the three subspecies formed three monophyletic clades with high bootstrap support (> 95%). The basal clade was G. c. taewanus . According to a conventional molecular clock (2% divergence per million years), G. c. taewanus split from the other Hwamei taxa around 1.5 million years ago, and G. c. owstoni diverged from G. c. canorus around 0.6 million years ago. Considering the periodic connection between the Asian mainland and nearby continental islands during the glacial periods, habitat vicariance may have played a more important role than geographical vicariance in facilitating the differentiation of these taxa. Molecular diagnosability, population integrity, and concordance between the population ranges and the topology of the phylogenetic tree suggested that the Hwamei should be delimited into at least two full species: G. canorus and G. taewanus . Our work represents one of the first attempts to re-evaluate the intraspecific systematics for an eastern Asian bird species using molecular data.     

Chemical composition of endotoxins produced by Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme

The endotoxins from two recently-classified subspecies of Fusobacterium, namely F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme, were compared. Chemical analysis of the isolated endotoxins revealed that they were clearly different. Distinct levels of polysaccharides were demonstrated. The endotoxins isolated were devoid of heptose and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (KDO). The endotoxins of F. n. necrophorum and F. n. funduliforme contained lipid A in a ratio of 4:1 which may account for the variations in their virulence.     

纵纹腹小鸮在中国的分布、栖息地及各亚种的梯度变异(鸮形目:鸱鸮科)

文章首次报道了纵纹腹小Athenenoctua不同亚种之间第1枚初级飞羽外及最外侧1枚小翼羽的斑纹特征,爪的累积长度及左脚中趾爪长的差异;增补了小在国内新的分布点。在国内的4个亚种中,An．ludlbowi栖息于最冷、多风的高海拔地区。它的羽色最深,体形最大,翅也最长;A．n．orientalis分布于较干热的沙漠地区,体色明显变白,是国内亚种中羽色最淡的;我国甘肃、青海一带的类群或多或少地处于A.n.ludlowi和An．plumipes之间;在北部地区,特别是在内蒙古的西北部,个体则显出在An．plumipes和An．orientalis之间。在羽色、大小和地理分布上,An．impasta明显地界于An．ludlowi和A．n．plumipes之间。随着分布区纬度的升高,翅长的变化略有缩短趋势,呈现出明显的梯度变异。在国内,这种小主要分布于山脚林缘、平原、草地、丘陵、荒坡及沟壑等生境。在歧山（陕西省）最合适的生境为具有稀树、土台或沟壑的开阔田野,常见于长江以北的广大地区,长江天险对小的向南扩散明显有阻限作用。     

Ribotyping of Fusobacterium necrophorum strains isolated from bovine and ovine hepatic abscesses

A microbiological study was made of 100 strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum isolated from hepatic abscesses in bovine and ovine herds. Differences between the biological activity and ribotypes within the two F. necrophorum subspecies were studied. Conventional methods identified 89 isolates as F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and 11 as F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme. For ribotyping, 50 strains (35 F.n. subsp. necrophorum, 11 F.n. subsp. funduliforme and 4 reference strains) were digested with restriction endonucleases (HindIII, EcoRI and BamHI) and examined after hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled cDNA probe transcribed from a 16 and 23S rRNAs from Escherichia coli. The most discriminating restriction endonuclease enzymes for ribotyping were EcoRI and BamHI. The presence or absence of two distinct band of 5 kb (EcoRI) and 10.5 kb (BamHI) differentiated the two subspecies. This technique also revealed genetic differences between isolates which could be used in the epidemiological study of clinical processes caused by F. necrophorum.     

Ecological adaptations of grassland‐inhabiting flightless Orthoptera: Fulvoscirtes and Acanthoscirtes,two new genera of African Karniellina (Orthoptera,Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae,Conocephalini)

Two new genera, Fulvoscirtes n.gen. and Acanthoscirtes n.gen. , are established within the subtribe Karniellina of Conocephalini. Fulvoscirtes is based on Xiphidion kilimandjaricum Sjöstedt, 1909 and Acanthoscirtes on Phlesirtes kevani Chopard from northern Kenya. The majority of Fulvoscirtes spp. are confined to open grasslands in the submontane zone of mountains. Fulvoscirtes contains eight species, seven of which are newly described in this paper. Three species and one subspecies occur on Mt Kilimanjaro. These are F. kilimandjaricum (Sjöstedt) constricted to the southern slopes, F. legumishera n.sp. confined to the northern side and F. sylvaticus n.sp. occurring on the western side of Kilimanjaro and on the eastern slopes of Mt Meru. Fulvoscirtes fulvus n.sp. is divided into two subspecies, F. fulvus fulvus n.ssp. found in the submontane zone of east Kilimanjaro and F. fulvus parensis n.ssp. in submontane to montane localities of the North and South Pare mountains. Fulvoscirtes fulvotaitensis n.sp. occurs in the Taita Hills of southern Kenya. Fulvoscirtes viridis n.sp. is described from savannah habitats between Mts Longido and Meru. Fulvoscirtes laticercus n.sp. is found in the Kenyan highlands, while the most southerly occurring species, Fulvoscirtes manyara n.sp. , is found on Mt Hanang and the Mbulu highlands of northwestern Tanzania. Acanthoscirtes contains three species, of which A. albostriatus n.sp. is described newly from savannah habitas of eastern Kilimanjaro. Information is given on the ecology and the acoustic behaviour of some of the species together with keys to the genera of the Karniellina and the species of Fulvoscirtes and Acanthoscirtes. The genera of Karniellina probably evolved at a time when grasslands spread in East Africa due to an increasing aridification of the climate. The earliest lineage, the genus Karniella, is adapted to more forested habitats while the majority of the genera of Karniellina prefer open grasslands. Major splits within Karniellina probably occurred with the emergence of savannah grasslands due to the ongoing fragmentation of forest habitats several millions years ago, but most species within the genera are geologically young, their radiation being boosted by climatic fluctuations of the past 1–2 Ma.     

A taxonomic and cladistic analysis of the west European genus Monobella (Collembola, Neanuridae)

The genus Monobellu Cassagnau, 1979 (Collembola) is redefined. Four new species and one new subspecies are described from Pyrenees and Cevennes (France) on the basis of labrum morphology, tubercle arrangement on tergites and chaetotaxy of somites: Monobellu culvu sp. n., Monobellu eduphica sp. n., Monobellu grussei minor ssp. n., Monobellu juu sp. n., and Monobellu rousseti sp. n. The subspecies Monobellu grussei dubiu Deharveng, 1986 is reassigned to specific level. A key to the 14 species and subspecies of Monobellu is given. Except M. g. minor ssp. n. which is present in the Pyrenees and the Massif Central and the widespread M. g. grussei (Denis, 1923), all Monobellu species and subspecies are narrow endemics of the Pyrenean range; their distribution is mapped in details. A phylogenetic analysis is performed, taking into account the high level of polymorphism of some characters and the incomplete genetic isolation between certain subspecies, indicated in the field by the presence of narrow hybrid zones. Though obtained under different assumptions and constraints, the most parsimonious cladograms exhibit only slight differences, and the proposed phyletic reconstruction can be considered as robust. It adequately reflects the known distribution of the species in the Pyrenees, it confirms the monophyly of the species M. grussei and supports, in agreement with field distribution data, the idea that reticulate evolution might have occurred in this taxon. © The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters     

Geographic nestedness of Lyciasalamandra billae (Amphibia: Salamandridae) populations within L. antalyana and description of a new subspecies

A new subspecies of the Bille’s Lycian Salamander Lyciasalamandra billae is described from four localities in the vicinity of Geyikbay?r? nearby Antalya, Turkey. It is distinguished from the nominotypical subspecies by colouration and surface pattern. The distribution area of the new subspecies is nested within the range of Lyciasalamandra antalyana, with L. a. gocmeni bordering in the north and the range of L. a. antalyana bordering in the south. New localities of both L. antalyana subspecies are reported.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8F541E98-61F3-4EDD-A432614B0A250711     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Kailasius autocrator</Emphasis> (Avinov, 1913) (Lepidoptera,Papilionidae) found in the alai mountain ridge (the Pamir-Alai)

A new subspecies, Kailasius autocrator murun Korb, ssp. n., of the species Kailasius autocrator (Avinov, 1913) from the eastern part of the Alai Mountain Ridge is described. This subspecies differs from the other known ones in the smaller size (the fore-wing length is less than 23 mm) and in the presence of 5 black rounded spots in the submarginal area of the hind-wing upper side (4 spots in the nominotypical subspecies and K. a. pshartanus). The new subspecies is shown to be the most archaic one among the subspecies of the genus Kailasius by the wing pattern. Possible ways for the origin of local and small populations of morphologically different subspecies of the genus are discussed.