中国云粉蝶属分类研究(鳞翅目,粉蝶科)

系统地整理了中国云粉蝶属Pontia Fabricius,1807的全部种类,共3种12亚种,包括2新亚种:云粉蝶且末亚种Pontia edusa qiemoensis ssp.nov.、云粉蝶黑龙江亚种Pontia edusa heilongjiangensis ssp.nov.和2个中国新纪录亚种:箭纹云粉蝶卡洛亚种Pontia callidice kalora(Moore,1865)、绿云粉蝶青藏亚种Pontia chloridice alpina(Ver-ity,[1911]).阐述了各亚种的主要识别特征及其地理分布,提供了分种检索表及全部种类的雄、雌性外生殖器特征图,并附所有中国亚种的成虫彩色照片.模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆.     

黄眉姬鹟琉球亚种在中国大陆的新纪录(雀形目,鹟科)

2005年4月7日在广州中山大学康乐园校区竹园内观测到一只黄眉姬鹟琉球亚种Ficedula narcissina owstoni的first-spring雄性个体,并以照片记录了该种,是中国大陆的鸟类亚种新纪录.本文对比了该亚种与指名亚种first-spring雄鸟的外形特征,并对该亚种的分布进行了简要讨论.     

中国粉眼蝶属分类研究（鳞翅目：蛱蝶科：眼蝶亚科）

系统整理分布在中国的粉眼蝶属Callarge Leech,[1892]种类,已知1种4亚种,其中含1中国新纪录亚种Callarge occidentalis fansipana Monastyrskii,2005;通过外部形态和雄性生殖器特征研究,提出将其作为Callargesagitta fansipana Monastyrskii,stat.nov.阐述各亚种的主要特征及地理分布,并附有各亚种雄性外生殖器特征图和成虫照片.     

中国缓步动物门一新亚种及两新纪录种记述

报道了我国缓步动物门1新亚种Diphascon(Adropion)scoticum qinlingensis subsp.nov.和中国2新纪录Rictersius coronifer ( Richters, 1903) (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)和 Diphascon scoticum Murray, 1905 (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae).新亚种主要以爪的主枝基部极度收缩区别于世界其他产地的标本(指名亚种).新亚种和新纪录均采自秦岭山区.     

羚牛四川亚种在陕西秦岭分布的新记录

羚牛(Budorcastaxicolor),别名扭角羚,隶属偶蹄目牛科,有4个亚种,分别为指名亚种(B.t.taxicolor)、不丹亚种(B.t.whitei)、四川亚种(B.t.tibetana)和秦岭亚种(B.t.bedfordi),四川亚种和秦岭亚种为中国所特有(吴家炎,1986;吴家炎等,1990)。羚牛四川亚种(简称四川羚牛)分布于甘肃东南部、四川盆地西缘和西北缘的中高山地带,其分布区跨越岷山山系、邛崃山系、相岭山系、凉山山系、大雪山和沙鲁里山系(吴家炎等,1990;胡锦矗、魏辅文,1993;魏辅文、胡锦矗,1993);秦岭亚种(简称秦岭羚牛)仅分布于秦岭山脉的山地森林中(吴家炎等,1983,1990;吴家炎…     

中国树鼩的分类研究

本文对中国南部和西南部树鼩的分类问题进行了整理。讨论了中南半岛树鼩的种级分类,提出了中南半岛北部地区的Tupaia belangeri及其近似亚种应恢复其种级分类地位;T.belangeri yunalis,T.belangeri tonquinia和T.belangeri modesta应是3个有效亚种;记述了分布于中国南部和西南部的树鼩为6个亚种,其中有两个新亚种T.belangeri gongshanensis subsp.nov.(云南高黎贡山地区)T.belangeri yaoshanensis subsp.nov.(广西瑶山)。     

大林姬鼠两亚种线粒体DNA 细胞色素b 基因和控制区的序列多样性

为了研究大林姬鼠两亚种(韩国的指名亚种及中国东北和内蒙古地区的东北亚种)线粒体DNA 的变异程度并确定朝鲜亚种的分类地位,我们分别将来自韩国和中国东北长白山地区的两亚种的线粒体DNA 的细胞色素b 基因和控制区进行了测序分析。我们将测序所得到细胞色素b 基因序列与来自基因库的大林姬鼠5 个亚种的相应的单倍型进行了分析,结果显示大林姬鼠可分为4 个类群[类群1:韩国大林姬鼠指名亚种;类群2:中国长白山和内蒙古地区的东北亚种、俄罗斯外加贝尔的majuculus 亚种;类群3:中国长春的东北亚种、俄罗斯Primorye(俄罗斯远东地区) rufulus 亚种、俄罗斯库页岛(俄罗斯远东地区)和日本北海道地区的giliacus 亚种;类群4:中国黑龙江海林地区的东北亚种]。线粒体的控制区序列分析显示韩国指名亚种也不同于中国东北地区的东北亚种。本研究的类群1,2 和3 与Serizawa et al. (2002)的研究的K、S 和R 的分支相对应。这表明韩国指名亚种(类群1 和分支K)的线粒体DNA 与其他类群不同。另外,我们还发现在细胞色素b 基因构建的系统树中,东北亚种可以与类群2 (分支S)及类群3 (分支R 的不同亚种聚合在一起。我们认为线粒体DNA 的母性遗传与两个相邻亚种的个体之间的种内杂交造成了基于细胞色素b 序列对东北亚种的聚类分析结果与基于形态学特征的分类结果的不一致。因此,我们提出对这些显示出核苷酸序列多样性的东北亚种不能只用细胞色素b的数据进行亚种分类,还应该结合形态学和核DNA 特征进行进一步分析。最后,我们还发现韩国的指名亚种的细胞色素b 序列在平均距离16. 93% 的基础上不同于来自基因库的A. speciosus。Jones and Johnson (1965)指出了韩国的大林姬鼠在形态上的区别,所以我们认为韩国的大林姬鼠指名亚种A. p. peninsulae 是一种具有形态和遗传特异性的地方亚种。     

越南三线闭壳龟、中国三线闭壳龟和金头闭壳龟的新亚种（英文）

最近,遗传学研究证明了越南三线闭壳龟Cuoro cyclornata的有效性,并表明这个种内还存在第3个尚未描述的亚种,这个亚种也能从体色和形态量度上与以前认定的2个亚种相区分。同时,也证明中国三线闭壳龟C.trifasciata有一个来自中国海南岛在遗传学上存在歧化的种群。此现象也存在于金头闭壳龟C.aurocapitata,很久以来就发现该种有一个在体色量度上明显不同的种群,并得到了微卫星标记和形态学证据的支持。以上两种方法都显示了中国三线闭壳龟、越南三线闭壳龟和尚未描述的亚种之间的区别。为此,本文将这3个种群分别描述为新亚种C.cyclornata annamitica,C.trifasciata luteocephala和C.aurocapitata dabieshani。     

GENUS WERNYA YOSHIMOTO (LEPIIDOPTERA, DREPANIDAE,THYATIRINAE) FROM CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW SUBSPECIES

研究了中国线波纹蛾属Wernya Yoshimoto,1987,记述2新种,巨钩线波纹蛾W.hamigigantea sp.nov.,曲线波纹蛾W.cyrloma sp.nov.,中国1新纪录种及其1新亚种,灰褐线波纹蛾海南亚种W.griseoxchrysa hainanensissubsp.nov.;修订了纽线波纹蛾W.thailandica Yoshimoto,1987在中国分布的亚种;取消了W.solena (Swinhoe,1894)和W.punctata Yoshimoto,1987在中国的分布记录.给山中国线波纹蛾属7种2亚种的检索表.     

中国柳莺属分类现状

柳莺属Phylloscopus一直是中国鸟类分类学中问题最多,研究最不完善的类群。在上世纪末的10年中,新增加了12种柳莺,包括新发现的3种和亚种被提升到种地位的9种。本文回顾和介绍了我国柳莺属分类研究概况,包括四川柳莺P.sichuanensis,海南柳莺P.hainanus和峨眉柳莺P.emeiensis3个新发现种。黄腰柳莺青藏亚种P.proregulus chloronotus和甘肃亚种P.p.kansuensis,黄腹柳莺P.affinis subaffinis亚种。黄腰柳莺青藏亚种P.proregulus chloronotus和甘肃亚种和P.c.sindianus亚种,黄眉柳莺P.inormatus humei亚种等的分类地位已由亚种升为种,但黑眉柳莺P.ricketti goodsoni亚种分类地位仍存在着争议,最后提出了目前我国柳莺属分类上尚存在的一些问题。     

Heat coma and its relationship to ocean dynamics in the oceanic sea skaters of Halobates (Heteroptera: Gerridae) inhabiting Indian and Pacific Oceans

This study was performed to clarify how weather and current dynamics affect the resistance to temperature change in the oceanic sea skaters, Halobates. Heat coma temperature (HCT) was measured for the adults and 5th instar larvae of four Halobates species collected from a fixed sampling location (12°00′N, 135°00′E ) in western tropical Pacific Ocean and from 13 locations in the eastern area of the India Ocean ranging from 08°00′N-06°00′S and 86°00-76°00′E. Both the gap temperature for heat coma (GTHC, mean±SD: 7.83±1.86 °C, n=32) and the heat coma temperature (HCP, 35.03±1.80 °C, n=32) of individuals collected from the Pacific Ocean, during the first half (10 days) of the sampling period at the fixed sampling point, were significantly higher than those during the second half (GTHC: 5.10±2.05 °C, n=63; HCP: 34.03±2.02 °C, n=63). The reduction in heat tolerance shown in the second half of the 20 day period may have been caused by a decrease in air temperature due to rainfall that occurred around the sampling point accompanied with the arrival of Typhoon No. 6.In the study of individuals collected from the Indian Ocean, significantly higher average GTHCs of >8 °C were recorded for the adult H. micans collected at 02°00′S and 06°00′S (89°00′E) than those at 0°00-8°00′N in the eastern Indian Ocean. Dynamic mixture of water from northern and southern currents occurs at 02°00-6°00′S of the Indian Ocean and might relate to such high heat tolerance.Temperature dynamics in the ocean habitat might directly affect the temperature resistance of the oceanic sea skaters.     

Forest vegetation as related to climate and soil conditions at varying altitudes on a humid subtropical mountain, Mount Emei, Sichuan, China

Altitudinal variations in temperature and soils were analysed on a humid subtropical mountain, Mt Emei (3,099 m a.s.l., 29°34.5N, 103°21.5E), in Sichuan, China, to see how the vegetation varies with the environmental factors. As a principal finding, the coldest mean monthly temperature –1°C, rather than the warmth index of 85°C·months, emerged as the primary factor that delimited the evergreen broadleaved forest. With regard to soils, properties such as organic C, total N, available P, exchangeable K tended to increase with altitude. The highest values in organic C (26.6%), total N (1.34%) and available P (45.39 ppm) were recorded in surface soils of the mixed forest (2,210 m a.s.l.) including all three tree life forms, i.e. evergreen/deciduous broadleaved and coniferous trees. The high pH and contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg in the surface soils derived from the parent material, limestone and dolomite, between 900 and 1,200 m, where several Tertiary tree species existed. The C/N ratios of surface soils in the coniferous forests (2,500–3,099 m) were higher than those of the evergreen broadleaved forests (600–1,500 m) and the mixed forests (1,500–2,500 m).     

Altitudinal distribution of evergreen broad-leaved trees and their leaf-size pattern on a humid subtropical mountain,Mt. Emei,Sichuan, China

Altitudinal distribution of evergreen broad-leaved trees and changes in their leaf sizes were studied on a humid subtropical mountain, Mt. Emei (3099 m a.s.l., 29°34.5 N, 103°21.5 E), Sichuan, China. Among the total woody flora of ca. 540 species, evergreen broad-leaved trees account for 88 species in 39 genera and 23 families, corresponding to the northern limit of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved trees. The number of evergreen broad-leaved tree species greatly decreased from the low-altitudinal, evergreen broad-leaved forest zone (600–1500 m) to the mid-altitudinal, mixed forest zone (1500–2500 m), and to the high-altitudinal, coniferous forest zone (2500–3099 m). The overall trend of reduced leaf size toward upper zones was analyzed and documented in detail. The 88 species were assigned to three leaf-size classes: notophylls (48%), microphylls (36%), and mesophylls (16%). The leaf size was relatively small and the specific leaf weight (SLW, mg cm^–2) was much larger in high altitude as compared to low altitude. No overall correlation was found between leaf size and SLW, but leaf size decreased as SLW increased toward high altitude for certain species having relatively wide altitudinal ranges. Moreover, leaf size varied with forest stratification: canopy trees were predominantly notophyllous species, while subcanopy and understorey trees were mainly microphyllous species. The tendency is compatible with the trend found in other mountains of East Asia.     

Snake communities of moist rainforest and derived savanna sites of Nigeria: biodiversity patterns and conservation priorities

The taxonomic composition and the abundance of two communities of snakes were studied in two different areas of southern Nigeria. One community was studied in a derived savanna area (environs of Ejule, 06°54N, 07°23E), and one community was studied in a moist rainforest area (environs of Eket, 04°50N, 07°59E). Both the specific diversity and the mean frequency of observation of snakes were significantly higher in the forest area than in the savanna area, and the dominance index was higher in the savanna than in the forest site. However, most of the species were found in only one of the two areas, depending on their habitat requirements (e.g. Gastropyxis smaragdina, Dispholidus typus, Thelotornis kirtlandii, Dendroaspis jamesoni, Bitis nasicornis, Causus maculatus, etc). The forest community housed a significant number of arboreal and semiaquatic taxa, but in both sites most of the species were terrestrial. The commonest species in the forest area was an oviparous, semiaquatic, batracophagous natricine snake (Afronatrix anoscopus), whereas the commonest species in the savanna area was an oviparous terrestrial lacertophagous psammophine snake (Psammophis phillipsi). Some conservation implications of our biodiversity analyses are presented. It is suggested that the moist rainforest represents a critically endangered habitat, and should deserve special attention by the international scientific community. Oil industry activity is especially dangerous for snake communities, especially in the southernmost regions of Nigeria.     

Vertical vegetation zones along 30° N latitude in humid East Asia

Structural changes in altitudinal vegetation zones along a 30° N parallel were studied based on vegetation data from 20 mountains in East Asia, from 85° E to 130° E longitude. The altitude of comparable vegetation zones showed a sharp increase of 1400–1900 m from east to west. Forest limit reached an altitude of 4400–4600 m in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, being the highest forest limit in the world. The limidng factor for the upper limit of a vegetation zone was different in the east and west. Low temperature in winter controlled the upward distribution of the evergreen broadleaf forest in the east, whereas the limiting factor was growing season warmth in the west. A close correlation was found between the climatic indices and annual range of monthly mean temperature (ART) at the upper limit of a vegetation zone.Component genera of each vegetation zone along the 30° N parallel were analyzed, and it was found that the alternation of component genera from east to west was much more apparent in cool-temperate forests, reflecting their response to macrotopography and air masses. The distribution of Fagus extended into winter-cold regions, whilst Tsuga occurred principally in oceanic and warm climates. The northern limit of Tsuga corresponded well to an ART isotherm of 23 °C and its southern limit coincided with that of Fagus. According to the distribution of Fagus and Tsuga, the cool-temperate forests in East Asia along the 30° N belt were divided into three types: deciduous broadleaf forest (represented by Fagus), mixed forest (dominated by Fagus, Tsuga and others), and mixed evergreen forest (consisting mainly of Tsuga and sclerophyll oaks).     

Airborne pollen dispersal and survival on mount sutton (Canada)

Summary In order to find whether or not a pattern exist in both pollen concentration and viability along altitudinal transects, samples were collected volumetrically (VPPS) each 25 m, from 500 to 825 m, on Mount Sutton (45°04N; 72°32W) (970 m). Both minimum concentration and minimum viability were found at 725 m. Airborne pollen viability was species dependent, while airborne concentrations were not specific. Sampling height influence was also investigated volumetrically (BPS), by comparing paired samples at ground and 10 m levels. Again, pollen concentration pattern was found quite stable, while viability was found to be more height influenced, particularly at 725 m. The 725 m hinge altitude is located just above the June Mean Cloud Base altitude (657 m).     

Fish populations in the Paraná River: Lentic environments of Diamante and San Pedro Areas (Argentine Republic)

Data on the fish populations of lentic water bodies of the Lower Paraná River in the Diamante and San Pedro areas (33°40–31°55 S, 59°40'–60°40 W), sampled during 1971 are given. Limnological characteristics such as surface area and depth of ponds, water turbidity, and plant cover are included. Differences in fish population size, structure, specific diversity, dominance, and biomass of particular species are established between two areas in a dry season.     

40年间红耳鹎在中国的分布变化探讨

红耳鹎(Pycnonotus jocosus)为华南区常见鸟类。我们在整理中国鹎科鸟类分布区变化情况时发现,2006年以来红耳鹎的地理分布范围发生较大的变化。本文收集整理了中国1976至2016年期间红耳鹎的分布信息,并利用GIS技术详细地描述分析了该物种的地理分布变化情况。结果显示,红耳鹎jocosus亚种的分布范围呈现一个辐射状的扩散趋势,且向北方地区迁移。除少数扩散属人为因素造成外,基本上都是自然扩散。本研究还初步讨论了生境选择、繁殖习性以及食性等生态特征对红耳鹎扩散的影响,并对该物种地理分布扩散可能造成的影响进行讨论。     

Seasonal variation on metabolism and thermoregulation in Chinese bulbul

1

Seasonal changes in a bird's physiology and behavior are considered to be a part of an adaptive strategy for survival and reproductive success. To understand modes of metabolic adaptations, the metabolic rate (Vo₂), body temperature (T_b), and thermal conductance (C) of the Chinese bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis) in the Zhejiang Province of China were determined in the summer and the winter at a temperature range from 5 to 35 °C, respectively.     

Correlation between the atmospheric conditions and the asthmatic symptom

A point process model is suitable for analysis of a sequence of binary variables, each of which may be dependent on the preceeding one. This model was used for analysis of the correlation between the state of the atmosphere and the presence or absence of asthmatic symptom known from diaries in which a day was divided into four parts. The diaries were kept during summer and autumn of a year by 19 adult and 12 child patients in Sapporo (43°03 N, 141°20 E), 39 adult and 20 child patients in Tokyo (35°41 N, 139°46 E), and 26 adult and 18 child patients in Naha (26°14 N, 127°41 E).Low temperature and decrease in temperature significantly related to the asthmatic symptom during the seasons. No reversions on correlations as to temperature were observed among places, between the adult and the child, and before and after taking in effects of the preceding symptom and/or the circadian rhythm. Some correlations relating to humidity or to barometric pressure, on the other hand, reversed from place to place, from the adult to the child, and from before to after taking in the effects.Availability of this model for further study on the correlation between the air with contents and the asthmatic symptom is shortly discussed.