峨眉山槭属一新种

峨眉槭 新种 图1 Acer emeiense T.Z.Hsu,sp.nov. Acer tienchuanense Fang et Soong in Acta Phytotax.Sin.11(2):187—188(1966)quoad specimen K.H.Yang 54576. (Sect.Trifoliata Pax Ser.Mandshurica Pojark.) Species flores 6-numero,in Acer L.adbuc minus cognita.     

基于分形方法探讨槭属（Acer Linn.）植物叶片的形态多样性及其系统学意义

采用数量性状测量法分析了槭属(Acer Linn.)8种1变种1变型的叶片形态性状差异,并采用分形方法对供试种类局部叶脉和叶片轮廓进行分维值计算;在此基础上,对供试槭属植物叶片的形态多样性进行比较,并讨论了分形理论在叶片形态特征的定量分析及植物系统学研究中的意义。叶片数量性状的测量结果表明：供试种类叶片的矩形度和叶形系数呈显著正相关,纵横轴比与一级脉角呈显著负相关,这些叶片形态参数的变异程度与叶片的形态多样性有关,虽然能在一定程度上反映槭属植物的叶形及叶脉结构变化,但难以充分反映叶片的变异细节及本质特征。分维值的计算结果表明：供试种类的叶片轮廓和局部叶脉的分维值呈显著负相关;叶片轮廓分维值在种间及种内均有显著差异(P<0.05),但部分种类间局部叶脉分维值差异不显著(P>0.05);鸡爪槭(A. palmatum Thunb.)的叶片轮廓和局部叶脉的分维值变异系数显著高于其他供试种类,表明其种内叶片变异的多样性相对较高。根据叶片轮廓和局部叶脉的分维值,可将供试种类分为4类：鸡爪槭、红枫〔A. palmatum f. atropurpureum ( Van Houtte) Schwerim〕和羽裂槭〔A. palmatum var. dissectum ( Thunb.) Miq.〕归为一类,锐角槭( A. acutum W. P. Fang)、色木槭( A. mono Maxim.)、茶条槭( A. ginnala Maxim.)、三角槭( A. buergerianum Miq.)和中华槭( A. sinense Pax)归为一类,建始槭( A. henryi Pax)和樟叶槭( A. cinnamomifolium Hayata)各自归为一类。研究结果揭示：通过叶缘和叶脉的分形分析可以定量反映植物叶片的形态多样性,建议将叶片轮廓分维值和局部叶脉分维值分别作为种水平和属水平的分类依据;此外,分形方法也为定量化研究和评价不同叶片类型的演化程度提供了可行的途径。     

色木槭天然次生林种群竞争关系研究

运用Hegyi单木竞争指数定量分析了色木槭（Acer mono）种内和种间竞争强度。结果表明,色木槭的种内竞争强度较大,占总竞争的26.1%,在早期阶段,色木槭的种内竞争强度随着径级的增加而增大,胸径大于30 cm后,其竞争强度又逐渐降低;色木槭的种间竞争强度（89.061）大于种内（31.487）,色木槭种内和种间竞争强度的顺序为：色木槭>糠椴>蒙古栎>黄菠萝>胡桃楸>紫椴;随着色木槭胸径的增大,所受到的竞争压力逐渐减小,胸径在15 cm以前所受到的竞争压力最大,竞争强度与对象木的胸径大小之间的关系近似服从指数函数关系。在自然条件下,当色木槭胸径达到15 cm前时,应对其进行抚育管理以提高木材利用率。     

五大连池火山色木槭叶功能性状特征

植物功能性状反映了植物对生长环境的响应和适应, 是连接植物与环境的桥梁, 研究植物功能性状特征及其随坡向的变化规律, 对认识不同微地形生境下植物群落空间格局形成及适应机制具有重要意义。本文以五大连池不同历史年代的8座火山共有树种色木槭(Acer mono)为研究对象, 测定了9类叶功能性状, 研究了植物叶功能性状在火山间及火山坡向间(阴坡-阳坡)的变化规律, 以期揭示生境对火山植物主要叶功能性状的影响, 以及阴阳坡植物生存策略的变化, 初步探讨了植物对环境的适应机制。结果表明: (1)坡向的变化是造成色木槭叶功能性状差异的重要原因; (2)火山间叶功能性状的差异反映了它们具有不同的资源环境, 色木槭生长主要受氮元素的限制; (3)南北坡向及火山间叶片厚度与叶面积均呈极显著的正相关关系, 叶片厚度与比叶面积在不同火山间均呈显著的正相关关系, 这与色木槭在火山土壤条件下的自我保护密切相关, 色木槭通过这些指标间的功能调节来适应环境的变化, 并形成最佳功能组合。五大连池不同历史年代火山的色木槭采用增加植物叶片叶干物质浓度、叶面积、叶片厚度、叶氮和叶磷浓度提高固碳能力, 通过降低比叶面积和氮磷比来适应干旱、土壤养分贫瘠的环境。     

色木槭的组织培养与快速繁殖

1 植物名称色木槭(Acer mono Maxim.),又称色木、色树. 2 材料类别嫩茎. 3 培养条件基本培养基为MS.(1)嫩茎节培养及生根培养基:B5+IBA 0.1 mg·L-1(单位下同)+GA31.0+2%蔗糖;(2)节增殖及生根培养基:1/4MS+KT 0.5+IBA 0.02+1%蔗糖.上述各培养基均加0.8%琼脂,pH 6.0.     

色木槭天然次生林群落结构特征

对色木槭天然次生林群落进行研究,测定了该群落主要乔木树种的重要值,分析了该群落的种类组成,物种多样性。结果表明：色木槭天然次生林乔木层共有16个种群,其中色木槭、蒙古栎、糠椴、山榆占明显优势,为该层的优势种和建群种;径级以<15 cm的株数最多,占总株数的87.82%,林分幼树更新数量充足。群落的Simpson指数为0.833、Shannon-wiener多样性指数为2.101、丰富度指数为2.291、均匀性指数为0.758和生态优势度指数为0.113。乔木层立木以低龄种群在群落中占优势,为了促进群落将向地带性典型植被类型演替,提出了抚育管理的建议。     

广东省苔藓植物分布新记录

对车八岭国家级自然保护区苔藓植物进行全面的标本采集并鉴定,发现6个广东新记录物种,分别为拟网藓[Syrrhopodon parasiticus (Sw. ex Brid.) Besch.]、拟透明凤尾藓(Fissidens bogoriensis M. Fleisch.)、微形凤尾藓东亚亚种[Fissidens closteri?subsp.?kiusiuensis (Sakurai) Z. Iwats.]、无边匐灯藓[Plagiomnium elimbatum?(M. Fleisch.) T. Kop.]、异叶小羽藓[Haplocladium larminatii (Broth. et Par.) Broth.]和东亚小羽藓[Haplocladium strictulum (Card.) Reim.]。     

东北槭属的花粉形态及其在分类上的意义

本文采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对我国东北地区械属10种变1种的花粉形态进行了观察。本属花粉近球形式长球形,赤道面观为近圆形或窄椭圆形,极面观为3裂圆形,极轴长2.-40μm;具3沟,沟明显;外壁通常具条纹状纹饰,稀具网状纹饰。从观察材料看,本属花粉可归之为2个类型:(1)色木槭型:(Mono maple type):外壁具条纹状纹饰,条纹宽0.250.50μm;(2)梣叶槭型(Ash-leaved maple type):外壁具条网状纹饰,网眼形状不规则,多为长形,长约3μm;网脊宽0.7μm,这正好与分类学家根据形态划分的个亚属相吻合。花粉形态所提供的资料,也支持色木槭(Acermono Maxim.)和平基槭(A.truncatum Bge.)作为两个独立种的处理意见。     

中国树鼩的分类研究

本文对中国南部和西南部树鼩的分类问题进行了整理。讨论了中南半岛树鼩的种级分类,提出了中南半岛北部地区的Tupaia belangeri及其近似亚种应恢复其种级分类地位;T.belangeri yunalis,T.belangeri tonquinia和T.belangeri modesta应是3个有效亚种;记述了分布于中国南部和西南部的树鼩为6个亚种,其中有两个新亚种T.belangeri gongshanensis subsp.nov.(云南高黎贡山地区)T.belangeri yaoshanensis subsp.nov.(广西瑶山)。     

小泡巨鼠(Edwards'rat)一新亚种——海南小泡巨鼠

海南岛中南部山地林区产的小泡巨鼠(Rattus edwardsi)与分布于华南地区的模式亚种(R.e.edwardsi)、分布于四川的亚种(R.e.gigas)明显不同,与国外产的马来半岛亚种(R.e.ciliatus)、苏门答腊亚种(R.e.setiger)及苏门答腊西部亚种(R.e.siporanus)亦有明显的差别,经研究为一新亚种,定名为小泡巨鼠海南亚种Rattus edwardsi hainanensis Xu et Yu subsp.nov.。     

茉莉酸甲酯喷施和光肩星天牛（Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky)咬食后五角枫释放的挥发物

茉莉酸甲酯喷施和光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky)咬食后五角枫(Acer mono Maxim.)植株均诱导产生了乙酸丁酯、2-壬醇、乙酸己酯、3-甲基-2-丁醇、1-辛烯、里那醇、3-蒈烯、1-丁醇、(Z)-2-己烯醛9种正常植株中没有检测到的挥发物。两种处理均诱导或促进了萜烯类、醇类和醛类挥发物的大量释放,且乙酸-3-己烯酯、乙酸乙酯、己醇、反-2-己烯醇、乙基己醇、1-辛烯、石竹烯、法尼烯等挥发物的时序变化趋势也非常相似。因而推测光肩星天牛咬食五角枫后在植物体内诱导产生了茉莉酸信号传导途径。     

关于蒙古绣线菊毛枝变种及回折绣线菊的学名订正

支持将蒙古绣线菊毛枝变种提升为种的等级且于宁夏绣线菊同种,但其合法学名应为Spiraea tomentulosa(Yu)Y.Z.Zhao。与此同时,本文发现了真正的蒙古绣线菊的毛枝变种--S. mongolica Maxim.var.pubescens Y.Z.Zhao et T.J.Wang。     

中国东北样带树种（属）的空间特性及变化

对中国东北样带上１６个树种（属）在１９８６年与１９９４年景观水平的地理分布、出现频率、优势度及空间相关性等空间特性的分析得出,红松（Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｋｏｒａｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｓｌｅｂ．ｅｔ Ｚｕｃｃ．）与花曲柳（Ｆｒａｘｉｎｕｓ ｒｈｙｎｃｈｏｐｈｙｌｌａ Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）分别是向西和向东扩展最快;种群的分布边界形态与该边界的移动有密切关系;红松、山杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ ｄａｖｉｄｉａｎａ Ｄｏｄｅ．）、黄檗     

Characteristic Change of Several Forest Landscapes Between 1896 and 1986 in Heilongjiang Province

The 16 tree species on Northeast China Transect (NECT) were analyzed from the change of geographical distribution, frequency and dominance pattern and the spatial correlation at landscape scale in 1986 and 1994. Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hemsl. had spread rapidly towards west and east, respectively. The frontier form of species had close relation with its movement. The patch size of Pinus koraiensis, Populus davidiana Dode., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Betula dahurica Pall., Picea koraiensis Nakai, Abies nephrolepis Maxim. and Larix olgeusis var. koreana Nakai decreased, however, Quercus mongolica Fisch., Betula costata Trautv., Acer mono Maxim., Tilia spp., Ulmus spp., Betula platyphylla Suk. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased. The frequency pattern of Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Betula dahurica changed significantly. The dominance pattern of Populus davidiana, Tilia spp., Juglans mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, Betula dahurica and Abies nephrolepis changed significantly. The spatial correlation between Quercus mongolica and Betula dahurica, Betula costata and Picea spp., Betula costata and Abies nephrolepis, Picea spp. and Abies nephrolepis declined, however, the spatial correlation between Larix spp. and Betula platyphylla, Acer mono and Ulmus spp. increased.     

中国东北样带树种(属)的空间特性及变化

The 16 tree species on Northeast China Transect (NECT) were analyzed from the change of geographical distribution, frequency and dominance pattern and the spatial correlation at landscape scale in 1986 and 1994. Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hemsl. had spread rapidly towards west and east, respectively. The frontier form of species had close relation with its movement. The patch size of Pinus koraiensis, Populus davidiana Dode., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Betula dahurica Pall., Picea koraiensis Nakai, Abies nephrolepis Maxim. and Larix olgeusis var. koreana Nakai decreased, however, Quercus mongolica Fisch., Betula costata Trautv., Acer mono Maxim., Tilia spp., Ulmus spp., Betula platyphylla Suk. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased. The frequency pattern of Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Betula dahurica changed significantly. The dominance pattern of Populus davidiana, Tilia spp., Juglans mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, Betula dahurica and Abies nephrolepis changed significantly. The spatial correlation between Quercus mongolica and Betula dahurica, Betula costata and Picea spp., Betula costata and Abies nephrolepis, Picea spp. and Abies nephrolepis declined, however, the spatial correlation between Larix spp. and Betula platyphylla, Acer mono and Ulmus spp. increased.     

PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Acer mono Maxim

Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Acer mono Maxim., one of the major components of deciduous forests in Japan. An average of 13.8 alleles were found, with expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.140 to 0.945 in 34 A. mono individuals from the Ogawa Forest Reserve in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. This set of microsatellite markers can be used to analyse mating patterns and gene flow in A. mono populations.     

大蒜芥属一新变种

发表了大蒜芥属一新变种,无毛全叶大蒜芥(Sisymbrium luteum (Maxim.)O. E. Schulz var. glabrum F. Z. Li et Z. Y. Sun.)。     

东北产所谓草芍药Paeonia obovata Maxim.的分类学研究

国内文献记载东北产所谓草芍药Paeonia obovata Maxim.花白色或红色。本文通过形态、解剖、细胞、地理分布及发育节律的研究。确认红花型是真正的草芍药Paeonia obovata Maxim,其形态特征是花瓣红色;花丝淡绿色,雄蕊数目少,最多约75枚;叶草绿色,上举。花期6月初。分布于苏联远东、中国东北及邻近地区边缘,朝鲜和日本。白花型为山芍药Paeonia japonica Miyabeet Takeda,与前者的区别特征是花瓣白色,花丝紫红色,雄蕊数目多,最少约100枚;叶深绿色,平展。花期5月上,中旬。分布于中国长白山区、朝鲜和日本关东以南地区。     

见于浙江的中国及中国大陆新记录植物

报道了笔者于１９９０年至１９９２年间在浙江海岛（大陆岛）植被资源调查工作中发现的９个地理分布新记录,其中４种为中国分布新记录,３种及２亚种为中国大陆分布新记录。此外,还报道了同时发现的归化植物４种,其中３种为中国分布新记录,１种为中国大陆分布新记录。     

Selectivity mechanism of Anoplophora glabripennis on four different species of maples

Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.) is a wood-boring beetle that is native to China. For a long time, it caused great losses in the economy and ecology of northwest China. Attractants are often used to control insects. The volatiles emitted from the host plant play an important role for insects in finding their target. To explore the mechanism of selec-tivity to different host plants, the response of Anoplophora glabripennis to four different host plants was investigated, which included Acer negundo L., Acer mono Maxim., Acer truncatum Bunge. and Acer platanoides L., and the com-pounds in the profiles of volatiles were identified from these species. The olfactory responses ofAnoplophora glabripennis to the odors of different plants showed preference for certain host plants: Acer negundo, Acer mono and Acer truncatum. The attraction ofAcer negundo and Acer mono was signifi-cantly different (p<0.05). The attraction ofAcer negundo to the insects was stronger than to Acer mono. Acerplatanoides neither attracted nor repelled the insects. Compounds in the profiles of volatiles from the above four species were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry (GC-MS) equipped with a CP-4020 termodesorp-tion and cold trap (TCT) device. The constituents ofvolatiles and the relative concentrations were different in the four host species. The amount of ketones, alcohols and aldehydes in the four plants showed the same order: Acer negundo Acer mono Maxim.>Acer truncatum Bunge.>Acer platanoides L.. 1-penten-3-ol, ocimene and trans-Germanylacetone were repellent to Anoplophora glabripennis. 1-penten-3-ol and trans-gerranylacetone were identified in Acer platanoides, and Ocimene was the most attractive to Anoplophora glabripennis among these species. The extent of feeding damage caused by Anoplophora glabripennis differed among four species. The sequences was Acer negundo > Acer mono > Acer truncatum > Acer platanoides. The epidermal hairs of the four host plants revealed that the extent of damage was related to the physical characteristics of the host plants.