一种提取野生苎麻总DNA的方法

用CTAB法提取野生苎麻总DNA ,结合野生苎麻中酚类、黄酮类等次生代谢物质多的特点 ,加入一定浓度的PVP、β—巯基乙醇 ,可以获得高分子量DNA ,经实验鉴定 ,其纯度符合分子遗传实验要求。     

枣不同器官和组织RNA提取方法的研究

以田间幼嫩叶片为试材,建立枣RNA改良CTAB提取法,改良之处包括利用巯基乙醇和PVP联合去除多酚、CTAB与异硫酸氰胍联合促进RNA释放及加入糖原提高产率等.改良CTAB法提取液组成:2% CTAB,4mol/L异硫酸氰胍,100mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH8.0),20mmol/L EDTA(pH8.0),2% PVP,4% β-巯基乙醇,250μg/ml糖原.进而采用Trizol试剂法、改良CTAB法、改进SDS-酚法、热硼酸法和异硫氰酸胍法5种方法分别对枣组培苗、幼叶、幼嫩枝皮、根皮和枣果5种器官和组织进行了总RNA提取.结果表明,组培苗RNA提取以Trizol试剂法为最佳,田间幼叶和成熟果实宜采用改良CTAB法,幼嫩枝皮和根皮宜采用改良CTAB法或改进SDS-酚法;本研究建立的改良CTAB法可作为枣不同器官和组织RNA提取的通用方法;根据季节可从不同器官和组织中获得高质量RNA;枣组织RNA含量相差较大,以幼嫩叶片含量最高,其次为组培苗、枝皮、枣果和根皮.     

几种提取枣和酸枣DNA用于RAPD分析的方法比较

利用不同的方法提取枣和酸枣的总DNA,并分析了不同样品状况、抗氧化剂和纯化过程等对所提DNA质量及其RAPD扩增效果的影响。实验显示：用改良CTAB法优于SDS法,可有效去除多糖。加入的抗氧化剂PVP、抗坏血酸、β-巯基乙醇等可有效阻止多酚类物质褐化,但不同抗氧化剂间效果差别不大。分别将样品干燥处理、固定处理、液氮处理、冷藏,与新鲜材料相比,用液氮处理并保存于-80℃的材料与新鲜材料所提DNA相当,而用其他方法DNA都有不同程度降解。不同材料提取结果比较显示：幼叶所提DNA产量和质量优于老叶,并且不需要较多的纯化过程。在有RNA和少量蛋白质时,对扩增结果影响不大。     

元宝枫叶片总DNA提取方法的优化

由于元宝枫叶片细胞含有大量的多糖、单宁、色素和酚类物质,严重影响基因组DNA的提取,在提取元宝枫叶片总DNA的过程中,对常用的CTAB法进行了大胆的革新.结果表明,采用细胞核裂解前加入不溶性聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和将加入RNase A消化RNA的步骤改在最后进行等技术,可以从元宝枫叶片快速提取高质量DNA,该研究为从富含多糖、单宁、色素和酚类物质的植物中提取基因组DNA,提供了可行的分析方法.     

基于AFLP分析用吴茱萸叶高质量DNA的提取

目的：研究吴茱萸叶基因组DNA的提取方法,以用于扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）分析。方法：设计了一种改良CTAB法：以石英砂代替液氮研磨;抽提前用不溶性PVP结合酚形成络合物,然后用缓冲液除去;抽提中加入Vc。将改良CTAB法所提吴茱萸叶DNA与传统的SDS法、CTAB法所提DNA进行比较。利用植物的核糖体DNA（rDNA）保守序列设计引物行PCR扩增鉴定吴茱萸DNA及其质量。并确定提取方法中最佳样本含量和β-巯基乙醇浓度。结果：改良CTAB法提取石虎、疏毛吴茱萸总DNA呈白色,A260/A280为1.721~1.886,DNA分子完整,约20kb左右,PCR扩增条带清晰、明亮,无杂带和脱尾。并确定0.10g为最佳样本量,2.0%为最佳β-ME浓度。结论：石英砂研磨简便、迅速、均匀,该实验所建立的改良CTAB法可有效避免次生代谢物的氧化褐变,是一种小量、快速提取吴茱萸叶DNA优化方法。     

荔枝基因组DNA的提取

介绍一种提取荔枝基因组DNA的有效方法,即在传统CTAB法的基础上,于CTAB抽提液中加入1％的PVP。影响荔枝基因组DNA提取质量的因素有3个：第一是取材,第二是磨样与温育时间,第三是防止褐化。     

乌桕不同组织DNA提取方法及其效果(简报)

以乌桕嫩叶和胚乳为材料,采用改良CTAB法和SDS法提取乌桕基因组DNA,研究提取条件对DNA提取效果的影响,确定β-ME用量、PVP用量、RnaseA酶用量。结果表明,用改良CTAB法提取乌桕叶片和种子时,DNA获取量和提取纯度明显优于SDS法。     

短序十大功劳基因组总DNA提取方法研究

以短序大功劳嫩叶为材料,采用CTAB法、CTAB改良法1、CTAB改良法2、SDS法和试剂盒法五种方法提取短序十大功劳基因组总DNA,用分光光度计和琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法检测所得总DNA的纯度和得率,用ISSR-PCR扩增的方法检测所得总DNA的质量。结果表明,五种方法均能从短序大功劳叶片中提取到基因组DNA,但不同方法提取得的基因组DNA的纯度、浓度和得率存在明显的差异。CTAB改良法2和试剂盒法提取的DNA纯度高,可直接用于下游分子生物学实验,CTAB法、CTAB改良法1和SDS法提取的总DNA质量较差,不利于下游的分子生物学实验;五种方法提取的总DNA的得率在10.836~451.709μg/g之间,呈CTAB法>SDS法>CTAB改良法1>CTAB改良法2>试剂盒法的现象。此实验获得的结果可以为短序十大功劳分子生物学研究提供基础。     

甜叶菊RNA分离方法研究

甜叶菊组织中酚类、萜类和多糖等代谢产物含量较高,RNA难分离,易降解,使用现有的方法提取甜叶菊组织RNA产率低、质量差,无法应用于实验操作.本文针对甜叶菊组织次生代谢物多的特点,以传统的CTAB法(cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide)为基础,分别采用不同的方法进行RNA抽提和纯化.结果发现采用CTAB-LiCl法提取的RNA完整性好,且纯度高;传统的CTAB法提取的RNA完整性好,但有DNA和其它杂质的污染;高盐溶液法提取的RNA降解比较严重,同时还有杂质污染.结论说明CTAB-LiCl法适用于多糖类植物RNA的分离.     

改良CTAB法提取番石榴叶片总DNA

目的:从番石榴叶片中快速提取高质量的总DNA。方法:改良CTAB法。主要改进之处在于不用液氮,而是直接研磨硅胶干燥样品;用高浓度CTAB、低浓度乙醇与NaCl盐析相结合等方法去除多糖。结果:应用改良后的方法可以快速提取番石榴叶片总DNA,有效去除组织中的多糖、蛋白质,抑制提取过程中的组织褐变。提取的DNA可用于限制性内切酶酶切和PCR扩增。结论:传统CTAB法经过改良,可用于快速提取番石榴高质量DNA。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.