糖尿病介导的周细胞损伤对脊髓损伤后血脊屏障破坏的作用

糖尿病是一种常见的慢性代谢异常性疾病,可通过血糖异常诱导体内内环境紊乱,引起一系列急性或慢性并发症。慢性高血糖可引起大血管和微血管病变,该过程由错综复杂的分子机制协同调控,例如炎症反应、细胞内应激作用、细胞焦亡和细胞铁死亡等。糖尿病可抑制脊髓损伤后血脊屏障修复,加重神经功能损伤,从而不利于运动功能恢复。周细胞是神经血管单元的重要组成部分,参与调控血管再生、毛细血管血流量以及血脊屏障渗透性。脊髓损伤后,血脊屏障遭到破坏,周细胞覆盖率显著降低,血管正常功能受到巨大影响。糖尿病不仅参与调控周细胞的收缩表型和信号传导,而且改变周细胞分泌基因组谱,影响周细胞正常功能。此外,有研究证实,糖尿病促进脊髓损伤后周细胞丢失。本综述系统阐述了糖尿病对血管系统中周细胞的调控作用,及其介导的周细胞损伤对脊髓损伤后血脊屏障修复影响的研究进展。     

脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的防治概况

脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤(SCII)是一种严重的神经系统损伤,是缺血脊髓组织恢复血液灌注后,脊髓组织的损伤反而加重,表现为其神经损害体征和形态学改变较前更加明显,其发生机制是多因素的综合结果,治疗措施也具有多样性,脊髓缺血后脊髓微血管结构及功能的破坏和脊髓水肿等是脊髓功能损害的主要诱因,至今为止,脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的防治主要有药物及物理治疗等方法,本文作者通过查阅中外文献对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的特征、发生机制及防治措施作一综述,希望对研究脊髓缺血再灌注损伤防治的学者能有所帮助。     

椎间盘脱出模型大鼠脊髓血管生成因子mRNA的表达变化及电针对其影响

目的探讨椎间盘脱出症中与血管生成相关因子的变化及其电针作用,分析电针参与脊髓微血管生成的机理。方法采用自制硅胶片在T13段脊髓的左腹侧位压迫建立椎间盘脱出模型,将大鼠随机分为三组,即电针治疗组(n=6)、模型组(n=6)、假手术组(n=6),电针组每日电针治疗一次,模型组与假手术组不做任何治疗。术后7 d后取压迫部位脊髓组织,RT-PCR法检测Ang-1、Tie-1、Ang-2、Tie-2、VEGF、Flt-1、caspase-3、Tsp-1的mRNA表达量,组织切片法观察脊髓损伤情况。结果电针组大鼠后肢运动机能显著改善;脊髓组结构相对完整,灰质、白质界限清晰;荧光定量PCR结果显示模型组与假手术组相比Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie-1、Tie-2、caspase-3、Tsp-1表达极显著升高(P0.01),VEGF、Flt-1差异无显著性(P0.05);模型组与电针组相比Ang-2、Tie-1、Tie-2、caspase-3、Tsp-1极显著升高(P0.01),Ang-1、VEGF、Flt-1差异无显著性(P0.05);电针组与假手术组各指标差异均无显著性(P0.05);结论脊髓压迫损伤后血管生成相关因子mRNA表达异常,电针能够下调Ang-2、Tie-2、Tsp-1和caspase-3的表达,使血管生成促进因子和抑制因子水平趋于正常,从而为受损脊髓组织的修复提供有利条件。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯灌注法在制作金黄地鼠颊囊微血管铸型中的应用

本文介绍了应用甲基丙烯酸甲酯灌注法，制作金黄地鼠颊囊微血管铸型的方法及其在肿瘤研究中的初步应用。制作之铸模清晰地显示了该组织微血管的立体构筑并能较好地显示血管新生的功能性变化和肿瘤情况下微血管系统的病理性改变。是一种研究微血管构筑及病理情况下微血管变化的理想方法。     

内源性过氧化物酶染色显示微血管及判定血液循环方法的建立与应用

1991年以来,我们开展了利用血液中的内源性过氧化物酶染色显示微血管的系列应用研究,取得了一些结果。 1.方法建立:利用血细胞和它释放到血浆中的内源性过氧化物酶,与底物液中的联苯胺反应产生一种不溶于水,酒精和二甲苯等有机溶剂的联苯胺棕沉淀,将血管显示出来,当金属镍离子存在时可增强其敏感性。由于该酶存在于血细胞和血浆中,故可根据微血管的数量和颜色深浅定量或半定量地判定组织器官活体时的血液循环状况。     

PTEN和mTOR信号转导通路在实验性脊髓损伤中的表达

目的:研究mTOR和PTEN蛋白在实验性脊髓损伤中的表达及其在脊髓损伤发生、发展中的作用.方法:用免疫组织化学方法和RT-PCR法,检测脊髓组织内mTOR和PTEN的表达.结果:与正常组织相比,免疫组化法和RT-PCR两种方法结果均显示,脊髓损伤后mTOR表达明显下降,而PTEN的表达明显增加;两者呈负相关(r=0.862,P＜0.01).结论:PI3 K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR信号转导通路中重要的调节位点和节点PTEN在实验性脊髓损伤中的表达明显增高,而mTOR的表达明显降低.提示该信号转导通路在介导实验性脊髓损伤的发生、发展的过程中起重要作用.     

非小细胞肺癌中检测肿瘤新生血管的方法学探讨

为了探讨Ⅷ因子相关抗原（Ｆ８ＲＡ／ｖＷＦ）显示肿瘤新生血管的可靠性及方法学。我们对８５例非小细胞肺癌（ｎｏｎｓｍａｌｃｅｌｌｕｎｇｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ,ＮＳＣＬＣ）的石蜡组织切片进行Ｆ８ＲＡ／ｖＷＦ免疫组化染色,结果显示：Ｆ８ＲＡ／ｖＷＦ免疫组化清楚地选择性地显示血管内皮细胞,肿瘤细胞和其它正常组织不着色,肿瘤内有高密度微血管区。微血管数目均值为７１±３９,Ⅰ期ＮＳＣＬＣ微血管数目均数为６５２±３４８,腺癌为７６６±３９２。本结果与其他研究结果比较：Ｆ８ＲＡ／ｖＷＦ免疫组化显示肿瘤新生血管有一定的可靠性,但必须建立标准的免疫组化技术和重复性好的估计微血管密度的方法     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯灌注法去制作金黄地鼠颊囊微血管铸型中的应用

本文介绍了应有和甲基丙烯酸甲酯灌注法,制作金黄地鼠颊囊微血管铸型的方法及其在肿瘤研究中的初步应用。制作之铸模地显示了该组织微血管的立体构筑并能较好地显示管新生的功能性变化和肿瘤情况下微一血管系统的病理性改变。是一种研究微血管构筑及病理情况下微血管变化的理想方法。     

小鼠脊髓损伤半切模型的建立及评价

目的建立一种稳定可靠、重复性强的脊髓损伤半切动物模型,模拟人类脊髓半切伤,为后期脊髓损伤的治疗研究提供可靠的动物模型。方法 60只健康昆明小鼠随机分为手术组和假手术组。实验小鼠麻醉后俯卧位固定,以T10胸椎棘突为中心,暴露T9~11棘突和椎板;在体式显微镜下,咬除T10棘突及椎板,暴露该阶段脊髓;用虹膜剪尖端将脊髓半切至脊髓后正中静脉右缘。于造模后1d、3d、5d、1w、2w、3w,采用双盲BMS评分法,评价各组小鼠后肢运动功能。并取损伤局部脊髓组织进行结晶紫染色、Caspase3免疫组织化学染色及超微结构检测,以观察脊髓损伤后的组织学变化。结果手术组实验动物均表现出损伤侧后肢瘫痪,BMS评分低于7分;脊髓损伤局部形态学观察显示该方法能很好地实现脊髓半横切。结论小鼠T10脊髓损伤半切模型建立成功,死亡率低,可重复性强。     

小鼠脊髓损伤模型的建立及其评价

通过对模型的制备模拟脊髓损伤,研究其病理和影像的变化及脊髓组织的病理分析,为后期的唔疗提供了实验信息。使用7～8周龄小鼠,咬除T9～T10棘突及相应椎板,用重物压迫脊髓,缝合皮肤,制成脊髓损伤模型。分不同的时间进行行为学评分及病理和影像学的检测。结果显示对照组在不同时间行为学评分较高,而实验组评分较低。脊髓损伤区出现明显的病理改变和影像学的改变。可见在实验组中小鼠脊髓损伤区无脊髓组织残留,且出现明显的组织和影像改变,在行为学上两组相比具有显著差异,适用于脊髓再生的研究,从而为进一步研究脊髓损伤提供了较为可靠的模型。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.