我国马鸡属三种的生态调查暨亲缘关系的研讨

褐马鸡Crossoptilon mantchuricum、藏马鸡Crossoptilon crossoption和蓝马鸡Crossoptilon auritum隶属于鸡形目Galliformes、雉科Phasianidae、马鸡属Crossoptilon,是我国雉科鸟类中的特有属。其中褐马鸡和藏马鸡已被列入世界濒危物种(King,1981)。褐马鸡属于国家一级保护动物,后两者为国家二级保护动物。1982—85年在河北、山西、四川、云南等省进行三种马鸡的野外考察。现就其生态学进行比较分析并探讨其亲缘关系。地理分布及垂直分布一、地理分布(图1)褐马鸡见于山西省北部,河北省西北部,分布范围狭小,且与其他两种马鸡间断分布。蓝…     

蓝马鸡

蓝马鸡属于鸡形目Galliformes雉科Phasianidae的马鸡属Crossoptilon,是我国特产。马鸡在我国共有三种: 1、褐马鸡(角鸡、鸡)Crossoption mantchuricumSwinhoe分布在山西北部、河北北部和西北部。 2、蓝马鸡(马鸡、松鸡)Crossoptilon auritum(Pallas)分布在青海东北部、甘肃西部。 3、藏马鸡或称白马鸡Crossoptilon crossoptilon(Hodgson)有五亚种。分布在西藏东南与昌都地区西南部、青海南都、四川西部及云南。 送三种马鸡可依下列检索表加以区别:     

褐马鸡非使用价值评估及影响因素

野生物种资源的价值评估是保护生物学研究的核心内容,也是物种保护、生态补偿以及TEEB行动计划的理论基础和依据。运用条件价值法(CVM)对珍稀濒危鸟类褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)进行非使用价值评估。研究共回收有效样本503份,其中70.97%有支付意愿,通过平均值法和中位值法估算得出我国城镇人口对褐马鸡的人均支付意愿为28.39—36.88元/a,由此得到褐马鸡的非使用价值在21.89×10~9—28.44×10~9元/a之间。通过建立Logit计量经济模型对支付意愿的影响因素进行分析,进而得到受访者对褐马鸡的了解程度、见过褐马鸡次数、受教育程度及收入水平等因素对支付意愿具有正的影响,其中了解程度的影响最大,而年龄对支付意愿具有负的影响。除此以外,评估的范围、支付意愿的单位以及总样本的设定也会直接影响物种价值评估的结果。     

藏马鸡的卵,孵卵与出壳

藏马鸡(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)为我国特产珍稀雉类,被列为世界濒危物种(King,1981)和国家二类保护动物,仅分布于四川西部、云南西北部和西藏东部。郑作新等(1978)、江智华(1979)和卢汰春(1986)等曾先后对藏马鸡的分布、生物学等作过报道,但未见有关卵、孵卵和     

褐马鸡

褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)为我国特产,又是世界珍稀鸟类。它仅分布于我国山西省西部吕梁山系及河北省西北部部分山区。属国家一类保护动物。褐马鸡隶属于鸡形目、雉科、马鸡属。身体大部分羽色为褐色,头部及颈部渐变黑色,腰羽及尾上复羽呈银白色,尾羽褐色,向后转紫,稍带光泽。下腹部呈灰色,由颜面下部向后头部有长而白的羽,和耳朵一样地突出头上。因此,又将褐马鸡称为“角鸡”、“角雉”、“耳雉”或“黑雉”。褐马鸡嘴呈淡红,脚呈珊瑚红,围绕眼睛的皮肤呈显著的红色。尾羽中央4根特长(可达500毫米),两侧羽支,分离呈线状,垂如柳枝(最长羽支可达280毫米),酷似马尾的毛,故有“马鸡线”之称。     

褐马鸡饲养繁殖的一些资料

褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)是我国一类保护动物,而庞泉沟为保护褐马鸡的国家级自然保护区。保护珍稀濒危动物,除划定自然保护区管理保护之外,开展就地人工饲养繁殖,为进一步研究褐马鸡的生态和生物学以及人工驯化提供科学依据,并可探讨放还大自然的途径,在理论和实践方面均具有一定意义。有关褐马鸡就地人工饲养,张兆海(1983)曾有报道,但尚未解决繁殖问题。我们于1984～1986年就地人工饲养繁殖连续三年成功。现报道如下:一、笼舍庞泉沟自然保护区位于山西省吕梁山中段,地处东经111°22′—111°33′,北纬37°45′—37°55′,海拔16…     

百花山国家级自然保护区褐马鸡栖息地利用分析

栖息地破坏是生物多样性丧失的主要原因之一,对濒危物种的生存也构成严重威胁。褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)作为我国特有珍稀濒危物种,目前仅分布于山西、陕西、河北和北京地区。2013年10月至2014年6月,在北京百花山国家级自然保护区使用样线法进行野外调查,使用存在点与伪不存在点数据,结合海拔、坡度、坡向、距道路距离、距居民点距离和植被类型作为变量,运用CART、Random Forest、Tree Net三个机器学习模型对褐马鸡的上述6种栖息地因子重要性排序,结果显示,海拔是影响褐马鸡分布的最主要因子,其次是植被类型、距道路距离和距居民点距离。根据AUC值选择Tree Net模型为最适宜模型,划分褐马鸡的适宜栖息地类型,并计算适宜面积。本研究有助于了解重点栖息因子对北京地区褐马鸡的影响状况,利于褐马鸡保护管理对策的制定。     

庞泉沟自然保护区褐马鸡种群生态初步研究

有关褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)的生态学研究已有记述,但涉及种群生态学内容的还不多。探究褐马鸡的种群特征,查明其种群密度繁殖能力、年龄组成、性别比例等鸟类种群生态学方面的内容,在学术和科学保护     

褐马鸡的骨骼解剖

褐马鸡的骨骼解剖温江,娄凤玲,刘冰（山西师范大学生物系,临汾０４１００４）褐马鸡和大熊猫、一样被列为我国的一级保护动物,它是我国特有的珍稀濒危鸟类。本文研究的主要内容为褐马鸡的骨骼系统。褐马鸡的骨骼系统,依着生部位分为躯干骨骼、附肢骨骼及带骨、颅骨。...     

基于ISSR分子标记的褐马鸡亲缘关系分析

褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)是中国特有濒危鸟类,国家一级保护动物。为了保护褐马鸡种质资源,保障驯养繁育种群和再引入种群的遗传基因结构优化,采用ISSR分子标记技术,对山西庞泉沟国家自然保护区和太原动物园两个种群35个褐马鸡进行了亲缘关系分析。从20条ISSR引物中筛选出10条扩增条带清晰稳定、重复性好的引物,共扩增出65条DNA条带,其中77%呈多态性。两个种群各个体之间的Nei's无偏差遗传距离和遗传相似度分析表明:个体间遗传相似性的平均值分别为0.5061与0.7591,遗传距离的平均值分别为0.4939与0.2409。用组平均法对35个褐马鸡个体进行聚类分析,结果显示:大多数同一种群的个体首先聚在一起,显示出生态地理条件相似的种群亲缘关系较近。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.