安庆西江浮游动物群落结构及江豚生存状况评估

为了解安庆西江浮游动物群落结构, 进而评价江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)的生存状况, 于2015年4月至2016年1月对西江浮游动物和环境因子进行了季节性调查。研究结果表明: (1)共采集浮游动物55种, 其中原生动物13种、轮虫27种、枝角类9种、桡足类6种。4个季节间浮游动物种类数差异较大, 夏季种类数最多, 为39种; 冬季种类数最少, 仅为16种。(2)全年浮游动物平均密度和生物量分别为4115 ind./L和1.735 mg/L, 且均以原生动物和轮虫为主。方差分析结果表明, 不同季节间浮游动物密度和生物量均存在显著差异, 且夏季浮游动物密度和生物量均显著高于其他3个季节。(3)全年共记录优势种12种, 其中原生动物4种、轮虫6种、桡足类2种; 不同季节间浮游动物优势种的组成差异明显。(4)采用浮游动物生物量对水质的评价结果显示西江水体处于中营养状态; 运用Shannon多样性指数和Margalef多样性指数对水质的评价结果显示西江水体处于α-中污状态, 表明西江水质基本上满足江豚生存需求。(5)依据浮游动物的现存量, 估算出西江食浮游动物鱼类的渔产力为54340.2 kg, 相应地可满足36头江豚的营养需求。研究结果不仅有助于了解长江故道这种特殊水体浮游动物的群落特征, 还对迁地保护区江豚的保护有重要意义。     

新疆伊犁地区夏季浮游动物群落结构特征

2006年6-7月在新疆伊犁地区对伊犁河干流、三大支流(特克斯河、巩乃斯河和喀什河)、恰甫其海水库、吉林台水库、间歇性水体和小水塘中的浮游动物进行了调查.共鉴定浮游动物134属217种,其中原生动物95属153种, 占浮游动物物种数的71%;轮虫27属51种, 占23%;枝角类7属8种,占4%;桡足类5属5种,占2%.伊犁河干流、小水塘和间歇性水体浮游动物种类数较多,分别达132、114和92种,吉林台水库种类数最少,仅7种.浮游动物密度和生物量均以恰甫其海水库最高, 分别为11 391 ind·L-1和2.79 mg·L-1,特克斯河密度最低,为578 ind·L-1,喀什河生物量最低,为0.03 mg·L-1.相关分析和一元线性回归分析表明,浮游动物种类数与水体的流速呈显著负相关.采用种类数、密度和生物量对伊犁河干流、三大支流及两个水库的水质状况进行评价表明,伊犁河、特克斯河、喀什河、巩乃斯河为寡营养水体,恰甫其海水库和吉林台水库为中营养水体.     

用浮游动物评价巢湖东湖区的水质和营养类型

于2005年6月至2006年6月对巢湖东湖区的浮游动物进行了采样调查,初步研究了巢湖东湖区的浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构特征以及浮游动物物种的多样性,并对巢湖东湖区的水质状况和营养类型作出了评价。研究结果显示浮游动物153种,其中原生动物43属59种,占总种数的38.56%;轮虫类20属48种,占总种数的31.37%;枝角类14属26种,占总种数的16.99%;桡足类20种,占总种数的13.07%。浮游动物的物种多样性随着季节的变化而变化;污生指数法评价结果表明巢湖东湖区的水质状况从2005年6月至2006年6月均处于β-中污带级;用浮游动物数量(ind·L^-1)作为湖泊水体营养程度的生物量指标,其结果显示巢湖东湖区水体从2005年6-9月和2006年3-6月巢湖东湖区水体的营养状况处于富营养状态。     

巢湖鲤鱼的繁殖及人工鱼巢的效果观察报告

巢湖是我省最大的湖泊,面积为113万亩。湖水一般2—3米深,最深处可达4.9米。底质多系沙质壤土和粘土,淤泥层较薄。湖内浮游生物、底栖动物种类较多,惟水生维管束植物贫乏。巢湖周围有柘皋河、南淝河、派河、丰乐河、杭埠河及鸡兆河等主要入湖河流,裕溪河由巢湖流往长江。     

鲥鯸淀浮游动物群落特征及水质评价

为掌握白洋淀典型湖泊鲥鯸淀浮游动物群落结构及水体营养状况, 于2018年秋季、2019年春季和夏季对该淀的浮游动物群落组成、密度、生物量和多样性进行调查研究, 分析了主要水质理化指标, 运用多变量统计方法分析浮游动群落结构与主要环境因子关系。共鉴定浮游动物3类52种, 其中轮虫类种类数最多, 为33种, 占64.46%。共鉴定优势种23种, 其中15个优势种为轮虫; 浮游动物密度秋季最高, 生物量夏季最高。冗余分析表明, 氨氮、COD和总磷是轮虫群落分布的主要影响因子。综合多样性指数与水质指标评估鲥鯸淀水域处于中度污染状态。研究可为白洋淀生境保护和渔业资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。     

金沙河水库浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

2013年8月、10月和2014年1月、4月对湖北金沙河水库浮游动物群落结构进行了调查。共鉴定出浮游动物95种,其中原生动物45种,轮虫40种,枝角类7种,桡足类3种;浮游动物密度范围为4939.9~27238.1 ind·L-1,生物量变化范围为0.56~1.49 mg·L-1;金沙河水库浮游动物数量以原生动物和轮虫占优势;将金沙河水库浮游动物优势种类和经Pearson相关性分析筛选出的环境因子进行冗余分析,筛选的环境因子中PO43--P和COD是影响浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子;金沙河水库夏、秋季多样性指数较冬、春季高,而4个季节浮游动物物种分布较均匀。     

淀山湖浮游动物的群落结构及动态

为帮助利用生物操纵技术进行淀山湖水体富营养化治理,2004年1月至2005年12月对淀山湖浮游动物群落结构,包括种类组成、种群动态、现存量进行了2周年的系统调查.淀山湖浮游动物有128种,其中浮游原生动物23属29种、轮虫23属51种、枝角类15属33种、桡足类15种.年均密度6 965ind/L,原生动物和轮虫分别占62.19%和36.77%,密度高峰出现在春季;生物量年均为6.00mg/L,以轮虫和枝角类占优势,分别占51.65%和38.38%,生物量高峰出现在夏季.4个类群浮游动物多样性指数H'与其均匀度指数J呈显著正相关,原生动物群落多样性指数H'与其密度呈显著负相关.根据浮游动物密度及优势种组成特征判断,淀山湖水质为富营养型.原生动物多样性指数具有较好的水质指示作用.     

珠三角高产养殖池塘浮游动物群落结构及水质评价

为进一步了解珠三角高产池塘养殖环境状况, 分析珠三角高产池塘浮游动物群落特征及与池塘水质的相关性, 研究于2016年7—8月对珠三角地区6种主要高产养殖模式30口池塘的浮游动物和环境因子进行了调查。研究结果表明: (1)共采集浮游动物55种, 其中原生动物17种、轮虫29种、枝角类4种、桡足类5种。6种养殖模式池塘中, 大口黑鲈S池塘浮游动物种类数最多, 为34种; 草鱼池塘最少, 为18种。(2)30口池塘共记录优势种8种, 其中原生动物和轮虫各4种, 枝角类和桡足类均不占优势。在6种养殖模式池塘中, 优势种也仅包括原生动物和轮虫, 优势种种类数变化范围为5—8种。(3)30口池塘浮游动物平均密度和生物量均较高, 分别为21354 ind./L和9.36 mg/L。方差分析结果表明6种养殖模式池塘浮游动物密度和生物量均不存在显著差异。(4)RDA分析结果表明, TP和pH是影响珠三角池塘浮游动物分布的主要因素。采用浮游动物丰度和生物量对水质的评价结果显示, 6种养殖模式池塘均处于富营养化状态; 运用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef多样性指数对水质的评价结果表明, 6种模式养殖池塘均处于α-中污状态, 且以草鱼池塘的污染最为严重。本研究首次利用浮游动物对珠三角高产池塘进行水质评价, 研究结果可为池塘生态修复和管理提供一定的指导意见。     

太湖典型入湖河流莲花荡浮游动物群落的季节演替及其环境指示意义初步研究

2015年对宜兴莲花荡水系四个季节浮游动物调查,共鉴定出浮游动物136种,其中,原生动物72种、轮虫39种、枝角类13种、桡足类9种、其他幼虫及卵3种。群落结构以原生动物和轮虫小型浮游动物为主。浮游动物的年平均密度为14 664 ind/L,年平均生物量为4.903 mg/L,生物多样性指数H′年平均值为2.26。浮游动物密度以及生物量随季节变化比较明显。对浮游动物密度、生物量、多样性指数与水质指标进行Pearson相关性分析,发现总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4+-N)以及溶解氧(DO)是影响浮游动物密度的主要因素。结合生物多样性指数评价方法以及优势种情况,判定莲花荡水系整体处于中污型。     

新疆石河子市蘑菇湖水库浮游动物的群落特征及营养状态评价

2016年4月至2016年11月针对新疆石河子蘑菇湖水库不同库区水量状况时期（4月份丰水期,7月份平水期,11月份枯水期）进行了3次采样调查,共检出浮游动物36种,其中原生动物7种,轮虫18种,枝角类4种,桡足类7种;3次采样浮游动物群落结构均主要以轮虫和桡足类为主。浮游动物年平均密度为3 574 ind/L,各采样点密度变化范围为284 ~ 5 162 ind/L;年生物量为3.79 mg/L,各采样点生物量变化范围为0.84 ~ 6.56 mg/L。3次采样浮游动物密度和生物量均在7月份达到最大值,不同时期密度和生物量差异均显著（P < 0.05）。根据浮游动物密度对蘑菇湖水库进行营养化评级,水库营养状况在一年中随着时间的变化是以中营养化水平向富营养化转化的状态。浮游动物群落结构和环境因子的冗余分析（RDA）表明,水温、硝态氮、溶解氧、酸碱度、化学需氧量能够在4月份（丰水期）影响浮游动物群落结构;水温、溶解氧、总磷、化学需氧量能够在7月份（平水期）共同影响浮游动物群落结构;水温、酸碱度、溶解氧在11月份（枯水期）能够影响浮游动物群落结构。其中,水温和溶解氧在3个不同时期是主要影响浮游动物群落结构的环境因子。     

巢湖流域水质生物学评价——以大型底栖动物为例

由于长期暴露在自然环境中,底栖动物可整合不同时间尺度的物理、化学及生物信息,能反映污染物质对其造成的协同危害特征,因而被广泛应用于水体健康评价。为了弄清巢湖流域水体污染状况,于2009年4月对巢湖流域大型底栖动物进行采样调查。59个采样点中,鉴定出大型底栖动物共23种,其中:环节动物门6种,占26.1%;节肢动物门8种,占34.8%;软体动物门9种,占39.1%。尽管不同栖息环境中底栖动物的优势种有较大变化,但霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)和铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)为整个巢湖流域优势物种。河流综合生物污染指数评价结果表明,巢湖流域水体均已受到不同程度的污染,南淝河的污染程度>白石山河>派河>巢湖湖体>柘皋河>杭埠河>裕溪河>丰乐河,这一结果与水质指标评价结果基本一致。     

黄河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落特征

2013年2月、5月和8月对黄河入海口附近潮间带的大型底栖动物进行了调查,调查工作涵盖3个季节2条断面的样品,分析了黄河口潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,包括群落种类组成、丰度和生物量、优势种、多样性,采用CLUSTER聚类分析了大型底栖动物的群落结构,并用AMBI和m-AMBI对底栖群落和环境质量进行了评估。本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物52种,其中,多毛纲动物24种,软体动物14种,甲壳动物12种,鱼类1种,纽虫1种。多毛纲动物为该海域底栖群落的主要成分,占据了群落总种数的46.15%。从季节来看,物种数春季最高(38种),夏季则处于最低水平(16种)。群落丰度和生物量均具有明显的季节变化,丰度在春季达到最高,为3 549.33 ind/m2,远高于冬季的256.67 ind/m2和夏季的100.67 ind/m2,其中扁玉螺(Neverita didyma)是丰度的主要贡献者,贡献了全年群落总丰度的75.44%。生物量春季最高,夏季次之,冬季最低。在全年尺度上,甲壳动物的日本大眼蟹(Macrophthalmusjaponicus)是生物量的主要贡献者,占据总生物量的49.86%。群落的季节变化也得到了群落CLUSTER分析与SIMPER分析结果的验证。这与黄河入海口附近底质不稳定,易受侵蚀、环境条件如盐度等具有明显季节差异,以及一定程度的人为扰动密切相关。AMBI和m-AMBI的分析结果显示,该区域环境质量状况较好,仅受到了轻微扰动影响。     

Seasonal fluctuations of zooplankton biomass in Lake Xolotlán (Managua)

Seasonal fluctuations of zooplankton biomass (dry weight) were determined during a year in two localities of Lake Xolotlán (Managua). Biomass estimations of the most common species of rotifers, cladocerans and copepods were made. The maximal zooplankton biomass was observed in February–April (dry season) in coincidence with the period of highest phytoplankton abundance. Copepods contributed with 78% and 84% to the mean zooplankton biomass at points 1 and 7, respectively. Cladocera biomass was lowest during most of the year, and it was probably controlled by fish predation. Development of rotifer biomass was more intense during the rainy season, when detritus particles were more abundant. Daily fluctuations of zooplankton biomass were not pronounced.     

MACRO-PATTERNS OF SPECIES DIVERSITY AND STANDING CROPS OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN北大核心CSCD

We summarize macro-patterns of macrozoobenthos in the Yangtze River basin in this paper. A total of 1033 taxa (species/genus) belonging to 3 phyla, 7 classes, 162 families and 513 genera have been recorded from the Yangtze River Basin, including 121 annelids, 318 molluscs and 594 arthropods. In terms of taxa distributions, the species/genus number of annelids and of molluscs in the middle reaches were the highest, while that of arthropods in the upper reaches was the highest; the species/genus number of annelids and of molluscs in the lakes were the highest, while that of arthropods in the tributaries was the highest; the species/genus number of macrozoobenthos in the middle mainstem sub-basin ranked first, and that of the upper mainstem sub-basin, of the Jinshajinag sub-basin, of the Lake Dongting sub-basin and of the Lake Poyang sub-basin second. The total density of macrozoobenthos in the Yangtze River basin was 672 ind./m2, and insects were predominant; the total biomass was 34.22 g/m2, and molluscs were predominant. In terms of standing crops distribution, the total density of macrozoobenthos in the middle reaches was the highest, the total biomass in the lower reaches the highest, while the total standing crop in the upper reaches was the lowest; the total density and biomass of macrozoobenthos in the lakes ranked first, those in the tributaries second, and those in the mainstem last; the total density of macrozoobenthos in the Lake Taihu sub-basin was the highest, and the total biomass in the Lake Poyang sub-basin was the highest. Our study indicates that the upper and middle mainstem sub-basins, the Jinshajiang sub-basin, the Lake Dongting sub-basin and the Lake Poyang sub-basin are important distribution regions for macrozoobenthos. By integrating more information of aquatic organisms, we should make comprehensive and systematic conservation planing of the Yangtze River system and implement them as soon as possible. © 2019, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.     

Organochlorine Pesticides in Sediments around Chaohu Lake: Concentration Levels and Vertical Distribution

Eighteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated in surface sediments from the Nanfei River and in four sediment cores from the primary estuaries of Chaohu Lake, Eastern China. The results indicate that the OCP concentrations in the surface and core sediments around Chaohu Lake were 3.48–121.08 (with a mean of 34.93) ng/g and 0.60–39.28 (7.07) ng/g, respectively. Significantly higher concentrations of ΣOCPs were observed in sediment samples from the Nanfei River and its estuary. The three important OCP contributors around Chaohu Lake were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which originated primarily from the historical use of technical DDTs and HCHs. A principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that HCB and lindane may originate from the same sources, and DDTs were greatly influenced by organic carbon from the soil environment and the impact of urbanization processes.     

Spatial distribution and historical deposition behaviors of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in sediments of Lake Chaohu,a shallow eutrophic lake in Eastern China

Sediment samples were collected from the Chaohu Lake basin to investigate the spatial distribution and historical deposition behaviors of 17 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Concentrations of the total PFASs (∑PFASs) in limnetic sediments ranged from 0.719 to 2.429 ng/g dry weight (dw), with an average of 1.449 ng/g dw. A clear gradient in the spatial distribution was observed from west to east in surface sediments of Lake Chaohu. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid were predominant in limnetic sediments, with an average of 0.383 and 0.275 ng/g dw, respectively. The ∑PFASs concentrations in riverine sediments were the highest in the Shiwuli River, followed by the Nanfei River. PFASs in riverine sediments indicated that industrial discharge and urban runoff played key roles in PFAS distribution and pollution levels. In vertical profiles, concentrations of the ∑PFASs and PFAS congeners in three sediment cores generally increased with decreasing depths, indicating that the input history of the ∑PFASs could be attributed to the development of industrialization and urbanization in the Chaohu Lake basin. The correlations between PFASs and sedimentary characteristics, organic carbon, nutrients and inorganic salts suggested that both hydrophobic and electrostatic effects played important roles in PFAS distribution and pollution levels in sediments of Lake Chaohu.     

沱江浮游生物群落时空分布及相关环境因子分析

为研究沱江浮游生物群落结构的时空特征,并探讨影响其形成的环境因子,于2013年对沱江10个采样断面按季节进行采样分析。研究期间共检出浮游甲壳动物13种,以中小型枝角类和剑水蚤为主; 尽管桡足类密度与枝角类接近,但由于体型原因桡足类生物量始终占据优势地位。检出浮游植物7门95种,优势属7个,全年均以硅藻为主。两类生物在上游资阳市区的断面中总生物量最高,中游农村断面最低; 其生物量季节变化也趋于一致,均在丰水季节8月取得最高值,枯水季节2月最低。与历史数据相比,呈现出浮游植物增多,浮游甲壳动物减少的趋势。根据结构方程模型(SEM)和冗余分析(RDA)的结果,浮游甲壳动物生物量在浮游植物生物量和溶氧高的环境中较大,桡足类对溶氧的要求比中小型枝角类高。浮游植物对高温、高营养和高pH较偏好,尤其是一些优势属。尽管受浮游植物生物量影响,浮游动物对浮游植物的控制力却极弱。在流速缓慢且污染较严重的城市江段浮游植物密度已高达2.7107 cells/L,浮游动物尽管能选择性地以部分浮游植物为食,对其控制力却极弱,如不加强污染控制,沱江可能有暴发水华的危险。     

Seasonal variation in abundance and diversity of zooplankton in Asu River,Ebonyi state,Nigeria

The Physicochemical variables and Zooplankton of Asu River, Ebonyi State, Nigeria were studied monthly between October 2013 and June 2014 which covered the wet and dry seasons. The study was carried out monthly in two selected sites by collecting water samples for physiochemical analysis and zooplankton identification. Shannon-Weiner diversity and Margalef's indices were used to determine the zooplankton composition. Investigation on the physiochemical variables showed that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, pH, conductivity and carbon (iv) oxide all recorded maximum values in the dry season. The present result also showed that the river is not seriously polluted. However, only carbon (iv) oxide and nitrate varied significantly between seasons (p < 0.05). Forty two (42) zooplankton species comprising Rotifera (7 families; 23 species), Copepoda (2 families; 8 species) and Cladoceran (6 families; 11 species) were identified. Rotifera spp. were numerically dominant and the most diverse group but the crustacean, Thermocyclops oithonoides dominated the total zooplankton biomass during the study. Species abundance showed inverse relationship with species richness, Shannon-Weiner diversity and Evenness. Zooplankton abundance was at its peak in the dry season while species richness, Shannon- Weiner diversity and evenness increased from dry season to wet season.