巢湖流域水质生物学评价——以大型底栖动物为例

由于长期暴露在自然环境中,底栖动物可整合不同时间尺度的物理、化学及生物信息,能反映污染物质对其造成的协同危害特征,因而被广泛应用于水体健康评价。为了弄清巢湖流域水体污染状况,于2009年4月对巢湖流域大型底栖动物进行采样调查。59个采样点中,鉴定出大型底栖动物共23种,其中:环节动物门6种,占26.1%;节肢动物门8种,占34.8%;软体动物门9种,占39.1%。尽管不同栖息环境中底栖动物的优势种有较大变化,但霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)和铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)为整个巢湖流域优势物种。河流综合生物污染指数评价结果表明,巢湖流域水体均已受到不同程度的污染,南淝河的污染程度>白石山河>派河>巢湖湖体>柘皋河>杭埠河>裕溪河>丰乐河,这一结果与水质指标评价结果基本一致。

Biological assessment of water quality in Chaohu Lake watershed: A case study of benthic macroinvertebrate

Due to the long-term exposure to natural environment,benthic macroinvertebrate can integrate the environmental physical,chemical,and biological information at different time scales,and reflect the damaged characteristics under the synergistic effects of pollutants,having been widely used in water health assessment.To understand the present status of water pollution in Chaohu Lake watershed,Anhui Province of East China,an investigation on the benthic macroinvertebrate in the watershed was carried out in April 2009.At 59 sampling sites,a total of 23 benthic macroinvertebrate species were identified,among which,6 species were of annelids,occupying 26.1% of the total,and 8 and 9 species were of arthropods and mollusks,occupying 34.8% and 39.1% of the total,respectively.The dominant species varied greatly with the habitats,but Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri,Branchiura sowerbyi,and Bellamya aeruginosa were the three dominant taxa.The integrated biological pollution index assessment revealed that the waters in the watershed were polluted in different degrees,and the pollution status was in the order of Nanfei River > Baishishan River > Paihe River > Chaohu Lake > Zhegao River > Hangbu River > Yuxi River > Fengle River,which was basically in agreement with the water quality index assessment.