黄河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落特征

2013年2月、5月和8月对黄河入海口附近潮间带的大型底栖动物进行了调查,调查工作涵盖3个季节2条断面的样品,分析了黄河口潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,包括群落种类组成、丰度和生物量、优势种、多样性,采用CLUSTER聚类分析了大型底栖动物的群落结构,并用AMBI和m-AMBI对底栖群落和环境质量进行了评估。本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物52种,其中,多毛纲动物24种,软体动物14种,甲壳动物12种,鱼类1种,纽虫1种。多毛纲动物为该海域底栖群落的主要成分,占据了群落总种数的46.15%。从季节来看,物种数春季最高(38种),夏季则处于最低水平(16种)。群落丰度和生物量均具有明显的季节变化,丰度在春季达到最高,为3 549.33 ind/m2,远高于冬季的256.67 ind/m2和夏季的100.67 ind/m2,其中扁玉螺(Neverita didyma)是丰度的主要贡献者,贡献了全年群落总丰度的75.44%。生物量春季最高,夏季次之,冬季最低。在全年尺度上,甲壳动物的日本大眼蟹(Macrophthalmusjaponicus)是生物量的主要贡献者,占据总生物量的49.86%。群落的季节变化也得到了群落CLUSTER分析与SIMPER分析结果的验证。这与黄河入海口附近底质不稳定,易受侵蚀、环境条件如盐度等具有明显季节差异,以及一定程度的人为扰动密切相关。AMBI和m-AMBI的分析结果显示,该区域环境质量状况较好,仅受到了轻微扰动影响。

Research on Intertidal Macrobenthic Community in the Yellow River Estuary

According to the field investigation in Yellow River Estuary at February May and August in 2013, the characteristics of intertidal macrozoobenthic community from 2 sections in 3 seasons, including its species, abundance, biomass, dominant species and diversity, were analyzed. The community composition and structure were analyzed, and ecological quality was also evaluated by AMBI and m-AMBI. A total of 52 macrobenthic species were collected and identified. Polychaete was the most speciose group with 24 species (46.15%), followed by Mollusca (14 species), crustacea (12 species), fish (1 species) and Nemertinea (1 species). Species number was highest in spring (38 species), and lowest in summer (16 species) (Table 1). Seasonal variations were identified for abundance and biomass. Abundance was highest in spring (3 549.33 ind/m2), much higher than in winter (256.67 ind/m2) and summer (100.67 ind/m2) (Table 3). Neverita didyma was the major contributor, accounting for 75.44% of the total abundance. Biomass also showed significant seasonal variation, highest in spring, followed by summer and then winter (Table 3). Macrophthalmus japonicus was the most important contributor to the total biomass, accounting for 49.86% across all sampling seasons. These results were also confirmed by CLUSTER and SIMPER analysis (Fig. 2). The change of community structure was caused by unstable substance near the Yellow River Estuary and seasonal variation of environmental factors such as salinity, and some kinds of human activities. The analyses of AMBI and m-AMBI showed that the ecological status here was slightly disturbed (Table 4).