黄皮愈伤组织诱导及其对不同激素的响应

通过对黄皮不同外植体进行离体培养 ,初步获得了愈伤组织。结果表明 :腋芽、花芽容易诱导绿色愈伤组织 ,且愈伤组织较细密。叶柄的愈伤组织诱导率很低 ,时间长 ,生长缓慢。愈伤组织的增殖继代培养的初步研究表明 :花芽愈伤组织在继代培养基上形成白色、较松散的愈伤组织 ,质地较差 ;而腋芽及叶柄产生的愈伤组织生长极缓慢 ,难以继代。     

茄子(Solanum melongena)茎愈伤组织的产生与植株的再生

本文对茄子(Solanum melongena)茎切段组织培养中愈伤组织的产生,苗的形成和完正植株的再生进行了研究。同时,对2,4—D在愈伤组织继代生长中的作用及各种基本培养基对愈伤组织分化成苗进行了比较研究。     

钙对黄瓜子叶愈伤组织中硝酸还原酶(NR)活性的影响

本文采用黄瓜子叶愈伤组织,研究了不同钙培养下,对愈伤组织生长、硝酸盐吸收,NR活性以及组织中钙、镁含量的影响。结果表明,缺钙后,愈伤组织生长、硝酸盐吸收、NR活性等都比正常钙培养下的愈伤组织降低。这与用整株植物所得结果基本一致,对此结果进行了讨论。     

高粱不同类型胚性和非胚性愈伤组织的生理生化差异

植物体细胞胚胎发生过程中伴随着复杂的生理生化变化,为进一步揭示胚性愈伤组织的再生潜力,该研究以高粱Sb19未成熟胚诱导产生的两种胚性愈伤组织和一种非胚性愈伤组织为材料,通过测定各愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量,采用方差分析法对高粱体细胞胚胎发生过程中不同类型愈伤组织的生理生化指标进行了差异比较研究。结果表明:(1)高粱两种胚性愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量均显著高于非胚性愈伤组织,表明胚性愈伤组织中的代谢活性高于非胚性愈伤组织,能够为体细胞胚胎发生提供更多的物质能量基础。(2)两种类型胚性愈伤组织之间生理生化差异显著,其中,Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量均显著高于Ⅰ型胚性愈伤组织,相反,Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织中可溶性糖含量显著低于Ⅰ型胚性愈伤组织,这种生理生化差异在一定程度上影响了后期的分化。该研究结果为愈伤组织的胚胎发生能力与生化代谢的关系提供理论依据。     

钙对黄瓜子叶愈伤组织中硝酸还原酶（NR）活性的影响

本文采用黄瓜叶愈伤组织,研究了不同钙培养下,对愈伤组织生长、硝酸盐吸收,NR活性以及组织中钙、镁含量的影响。结果表明,缺钙后,愈伤组织生长、硝酸盐吸收、NR活性等都比正常钙培养下的愈伤组织降低。这与用整株植物所得结果基本一致,对此结果进行了讨论。     

GFP基因转化香樟胚性愈伤组织的研究

以香樟胚性愈伤组织作为受体,利用根癌农杆菌介导法进行了绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)的遗传转化研究。经农杆菌侵染后的胚性愈伤组织通过共培养、选择培养后获得抗性愈伤组织和体胚,对抗性愈伤组织及体胚的诱导过程进行了GFP荧光检测。结果表明,GFP基因能在抗性愈伤组织和体胚中强烈表达,证明GFP基因能够在香樟遗传转化中得到应用。对抗性愈伤组织的PCR检测初步证实外源GFP基因已整合到香樟胚性愈伤组织的基因组中。     

玉米幼穗两种愈伤组织的比较研究

本文应用显微、超微及电泳方法,通过对玉米幼穗两种不同愈伤组织的比较观察,研究了两种愈伤组织在形态结构和同工酶方面的差异,结果表明,胚性愈伤组织不仅具有明显的胚性结构,而且比非胚性愈伤组织具有较强的生长能力、胚胎发生能力和相对较高的同工酶活性。同时本文还对植物体细胞胚胎发生的机理及研究该机理的方法进行了初步探讨。     

蔗糖转运蛋白基因VvSUC12和VvSUC27在葡萄胚性和非胚性愈伤组织中的差异表达

本研究通过对霞多丽葡萄花前约10d的花丝进行组培诱导,获得胚性和非胚性两种愈伤组织,分别进行继代、组织结构观察和体细胞胚的诱导验证。为研究两种愈伤组织对培养基中主要碳源蔗糖的利用特点,根据GenBank中的定位于细胞质膜的葡萄蔗糖转运蛋白基因VvSUC12和VvSUC27的序列,设计了这两种蔗糖转运蛋白的PCR引物。以RNAplant试剂法,提取胚性愈伤组织和非胚性愈伤组织的RNA,进行半定量RT-PCR。研究表明,31个循环半定量RT-PCR结果中VvSUC12在胚性愈伤和非胚性愈伤中均有表达,且在非胚性愈伤组织中的表达水平稍高于胚性愈伤组织,表达差异未达到显著水平,VvSUC27的表达水平明显低于VvSUC12,且只在胚性愈伤组织中表达。提高至35个循环的半定量RT-PCR结果显示VvSUC27基因在非胚性愈伤组织中微弱表达,而在胚性愈伤组织中的表达强度较31个循环有所增加,且高于非胚性愈伤。     

激素等外源物质对马铃薯愈伤组织花色苷积累的影响

从来源于马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum cv.Chieftain)茎的愈伤组织中分离到白色和红色2种愈伤组织,用鲜重法和分光光度法分别测量愈伤组织的生长量和花色苷的含量,并对激素、抗菌素和糖对马铃薯愈伤组织生长和花色苷积累的影响进行研究。结果表明:低浓度的2,4-D有利于红色愈伤组织的花色苷积累,高浓度的2,4-D促进其生长而不利于花色苷的积累;高浓度的6-BA能促进红色愈伤组织中花色苷的积累并诱导白色愈伤组织花色苷的合成,但抑制其生长;卡那霉素能使白色愈伤组织变红并积累花色苷,高浓度的卡那霉素严重抑制愈伤组织的生长并最终变褐死亡;提高蔗糖浓度能促进愈伤组织花色苷的产生和积累,但超过70g/L时抑制生长。实验结果为今后花色苷生物合成机理研究和花色苷的工厂化生产奠定了基础。     

柑橘愈伤组织倍性变化及其与体细胞胚胎发生能力的关系

柑橘愈伤组织是细胞融合、遗传转化等生物技术研究的良好材料。本实验室通过近20年的工作,先后诱导和保存了近80份不同种类和品种的柑橘愈伤组织。这些愈伤组织在MT基本培养基上继代保存。在长期保存过程中,部分材料仍然保持较好的胚胎发生能力。为研究愈伤组织在继代过程中的染色体变异趋势以及这种变异对胚胎发生能力的影响,本文选择有代表性的35份材料作为试材,在4年中连续3次使用流式细胞仪,对细胞DNA含量进行测定。结果发现,待测的35种愈伤组织均存在部分细胞DNA含量加倍的现象,而且,随着时间的推移,除佩奇橘柚、沙漠蒂甜橙、鲁斯脐橙、印度酸橘等4种愈伤组织的DNA含量加倍的细胞有减少的趋势外,其他愈伤组织的DNA含量加倍的细胞均有增加的趋势。数据分析表明,在待测的35种愈伤组织中,有71．4％的基因型的愈伤组织细胞出现了多倍体细胞增加的趋势。对这35种柑橘愈伤组织进行体细胞胚诱导,发现只有9种愈伤组织具有不同程度的胚胎发生能力,其他26种愈伤组织不能再生。相关性分析表明,柑橘愈伤组织细胞DNA含量增加的细胞比例与体细胞胚胎发生能力之间的相关性较小,相关系数为忙-0．10（P〈0．01）,未达到显著水平。另外,柑橘胚性愈伤组织继代时间与体细胞胚胎发生能力之间的相关性也不显著。     

昆虫天敌作用的评价

本文应用生命表及Morris-Watt数学模型作为分析害虫天敌作用的方法。 文内应用了M-值,即如果组份“i”被除去,种群数量发展趋势指数“I′”将比原有的种群数量发展趋势指数“I”将增加M(si)倍。根据1976～1981年稻纵卷叶螟第二世代平均生命表的组份分析,M-值表示出天敌起着控制种群数量的重要作用。按照推算,如果排除了捕食性天敌,寄生性天敌及病原,种群数量发展趋势指标将比原来的增长358.69倍,或这种害虫的第三代将比第二代种群数量增长31.78倍。 应用生命表方法及Morris-Watt数学模型分析,在对稻纵卷叶螟不同处理的试验中,广谱性杀虫剂(1.5％1605+3％666)在施用一天后或数天后引起高死亡率,但同时由于杀死天敌的副作用,其种群数量发展趋势指标H对照为高。散放松毛虫眼峰的处理中,引起不孵的死亡百分率低于化学杀虫剂引起一龄幼虫的死亡。由于稻纵卷叶螟种群数量于卵期开始下降,相对来说,天敌的作用于幼虫期及蛹期增长了,种群数量增长趋势指标下降至0.067,表现出明显的好效果。 文内还讨论了植物抗虫性与天敌的关系,应用了简单的数学模型以估计植物的抗虫性指标。     

中国常绿阔叶林分类试行方案

植被分类是植被生态学研究中最复杂、充满着争论的问题之一,直到现在并没有一个能为植被学家共同接受的、统一的分类系统。常绿阔叶林的复杂性仅次于热带雨林,加之在人类长期干扰下,变化极大,过渡性群落极多,更增加了分类的困难。中国常绿阔叶林分类经历了漫长的道路,20世纪50年代学习苏俄学派,60年代初引进威斯康星学派的“重要值"概念,在研究云南滇青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides)林时也曾试用过法瑞学派的理论和方法。80年代《中国植被》(1980)一书的作者们提出,对于“南方某些类型"在“群系(Formation)"和“群丛(Association)"划分时应采用“标志种(Diagnostic species)"的原则,当时由于资料所限,这一原则并未得到贯彻。本文在总结以往分类方案的基础上,根据高级单位以生态外貌、中级单位以优势度类型、低级单位以特征种组的分类原则,构建了从“群丛"、“群系"、“群系组"到“植被亚型"和“植被型"的中国常绿阔叶林分类系统。将中国常绿阔叶林划分出3个植被型、8个植被亚型、14个群系组和53个群系。这些群系大都占据一定的地理区域,并与一定的生境相联系。     

几种萝卜提取物在组织培养细胞中的抗病毒感染活性

我们曾报道,白萝卜提取物是一种干扰素诱生剂,对致死性病毒感染动物有很显著的保护作用。 本实验在组织培养单层细胞上测试了十字花科萝卜属几种萝卜栽培变种,包括“心里美”、“卫青”、“象牙白”(白萝卜)和伞形科胡萝卜提取物的抗病毒感染活性。 萝卜提取物的制备和定量方法,按文献进行。萝卜提取物在组织培养单层细胞上抑     

小麦品种电泳分类鉴定技术的标准化研究

在甘氨酸-乙酸缓冲系统(pH 3.10)下采用9％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,比较研究了小麦(Triticumaestivum L.)“烟农15”、“济南13”、“莱州95”和“Marquis”品种的醇溶蛋白图谱误差变化及其有关控制方法。在每个凝胶板上误差呈规律性变化,迁移距离越大,谱带误差越大。同2.05cm谱带相比,9.25cm谱带标准误为0.0332,增大2倍;极差由1.5mm增大到4.5mm。国内3个小麦品种“莱州953”、“济南13”和“烟农15”群体内不存在电泳生物型。“莱州953”由于深色谱带多、分布合理,可作为基本电泳参照品种;“济南13”则由于总带数和特有谱带多,可作辅助参照品种。根据筛选的2.05、3.15、6.05和9.25cm标志带及其实际迁移大小,计算各电泳道谱带的矫正系数和矫正迁移距离。这种移动矫正法能使图谱误差降低约2/3。     

"GIGANTISM" OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS I. MECHANISM OF INDUCTION OF CIGANTISM

1. Based on the microscopic observations, two stages, "giant cellstage" and the subsequent "palmelloid body stage", were distinguishedin the process of formation of giant Chlorella induced by theaddition of sugars. The "giant cell" is much larger in sizethan the control cell, but the other morphological featuresare the same as those of the latter. The "palmelloid body" isa form composed of many conjoined autospores.
2. When a highconcentration of glucose was maintained in the medium,gigantismwas also maintained. Under this condition, the algashows acyclic transformation between "giant cell" and "palmelloidbody"without returning to the small single cells.
3. Large amountsof carbohydrate composed of hexose were foundto be accumulatedin the giant algal cells, and it was inferredthat this carbohydrateaccumulation causes greater enlargementof cell volume as comparedwith control cells.
4. Uronic acids, which were found to be absentin the control cells,were formed and lost in the cells culturedin the glucose mediumin parallel with the appearance and disappearanceof gigantism.
5. Pectic substances, from which uronic acids areconsidered tobe derived during the extraction procedure, werefound to bepresent only in giant Chlorella.
6. The conjoinedautospores in giant Chlorella (at the palmelloidbody stage)were separated to some extent by the addition ofEDTA, and theresulting cells were similar to control Chlorellacells.
7. Basedon these results it was inferred that inductive formationofthe pectic substances is causally related with the appearanceof "palmelloid body".

¹ Present address: Department of Chemistry, College of GeneralEducation, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka.     

西双版纳片断季节性雨林蚂蚁物种多样性研究

以西双版纳勐仑自然保护区为对照,采用陷井诱捕法和亲方调查法比较研究了３个不同面积、不同环境状况和片断季节性雨林蚂蚁的群落组成及物种多样性变化。结果表明：所获蚂蚁隶属４亚科２４属５０种,以城子龙山物种数量多。各样地优势种均不相同。４类样地间的共有物种较少,只有４种;相似性较低,相似性系 ０．１６２２～０．３５４８。聚类结果显示,植物园保护区与城子龙山最先聚为一类,然后与自然保护区聚为一类,最后才与曼     

十种金花茶叶片横切面显微构造

<正> 金花茶是产于我国西南部的珍贵观赏植物,目前医药界正在挖掘其潜在的药用价值,为人们的健康服务,我们就广西所采的金花茶类共10种,取每种有代表性的叶片中肋1/3—1/2处取一小块,用石蜡法作横切面,经番红亮绿染色制成玻片标本,然后在显微镜下作详细观察,列出其异同,供有关方面参考。     

SYNCHRONOUS CULTURE OF CHLORELLA: I. KINETIC ANALYSIS OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF CHLORELLA ELLIPSOIDEA AS AFFECTED BY CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY

1. Using the technique of synchronous culture, investigationsweremade of the effects of temperature and light-intensityon cellularlife cycle of Chlorella ellipsoidea. Some improvementsin theculture technique for obtaining a good synchrony of algalgrowthwere described.
2. By following the changes of averagecell volume and cell numberoccurring during culturing, therates of the following processesof life cycle were determined:(i) "growth" (or the increasein cell mass) occurring from thestage of smaller cells (D_a)to the stage of ripened cell (L₃),(ii) "ripening" (or processofformation of "nuclear substances"as estimated from the averagenumber of daughter cells formedfrom single mother cell), and(iii) " maturing and division" which leads to the full maturationof mother cells (L-cells)and their division into separate daughtercells (D-cells).
3. "Growth"and "ripening" were found to be dependent in light,"maturingand division" light-independent. The time requiredfor "growth"and "ripening" (C) is dependent on temperaturebut independentof light intensity, the onset of "maturing anddivision" occurringat the same time (D) of culturing undervaried light intensities.The average cell volume at this stage(L₃),however, was foundto be markedly modified by light intensity;larger with highertemperatures (see Fig. 4).
4. Changes in incubation temperature(under the condition of saturatinglight intensities) were foundto affect the life cycle in thefollowing way: (i) The timeof onset of "maturing and division"(D), varies markedly withculturing temperature; earlier athigher temperatures, (ii)The average cell volume at this stagealso depends on temperature; smaller at higher temperatures.
5. The average number of daughtercells (n) emerging from singlemother cells, was found to beuninfluenced by culturing temperature;(4.0–4.1 underthe conditions of the present study). Itwas found that thedivision number n is remarkably varied bychanging the lightintensity in the "growth" and "ripening"phases; 2.0 at 1 kilolux,3.7 at 5 kilolux, 4.2 at saturatinglight intensities (10 and25 kilolux). This finding was explainedby assuming a light-dependentformation of "nuclear substances"during the "growth" and "ripening"phases, the quantity of thesubstances in the cell at L₃ stagedeterminig the division number.
6. The experimental data wereanalyzed reaction kinetically, therate constants and othercharacteristics of the reactions constitutingthe processesof life cycle were determined, and values forthe apparent activationenergy for each reaction were computed.The reactions were discussedwith special reference to theirrelationship with photosyntheticprocess was discussed.

(Received November 7, 1959; )     

FINE STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION OF THE KINETOPLAST OF TRYPANOSOMA LEWISI

The kinetoplastic DNA of Trypanosoma lewisi is described as a filamentous body lying within a mitochondrion, with the filaments oriented parallel to the long axis of the cell. The manner of fixation, the replicative state, and perhaps the physiological state of the cell, may result in slight morphological differences among such bodies. The kinetoplastic DNA replicates to form "left" and "right" rather than "upper" and "lower" members, and both the kinetoplast and nucleus incorporate radiothymidine as shown by radioautography. Radioautographic analyses suggest a random incorporation of radiothymidine by kinetoplasts. Silver grains were occasionally observed over centriolar elements. Finally, the observations are discussed with respect to the sequential replication of the aforementioned organelles by T. lewisi.     

FINE STRUCTURE OF PACINIAN CORPUSCLES IN THE MESENTERY OF THE CAT

Pacinian corpuscles in the mesentery of adult cats were fixed with either glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide or permanganate solutions by close intra-arterial injection through the mesenteric artery, and were processed, after electron staining and Epon embedding, for electron microscopy. Better resolution of the corpuscle's ultrastructure was obtained than available heretofore. The myelinated segment of the corpuscle contains blood vessels separated from the axon by collagen fibers and 3 to 4 layers of lamellae. No blood vessels are found in the central core, though access from the vessels is afforded by diffusion through the "cleft" of the inner core. Two cell types are discernible in the inner core hemilamellae; the "clear cells" in which pinocytotic vesicles and organelles abound and reflect the greater metabolic activity of these cells, in contrast to the "dark cells." The ultraterminal is ellipsoidal in form with projections into the "cleft" which give this portion an irregular appearance in section. The terminal and ultraterminal are packed with mitochondria, and "synaptic" vesicles are seen in the ultraterminal. The innermost laminae of the inner core cells are in close apposition to the terminal and break their regular pattern of hemilamellation to surround the small ultraterminal projections at the apical part of the corpuscle.