广西药用野生稻遗传多样性分析及SSR引物数量对遗传多样性结果的影响研究

采用25对SSR分子标记,对广西境内采集的1610份药用野生稻材料进行遗传多样性和聚类分析,其中检测到等位变异181个,有效等位基因数Ae范围为1.0094(RM240)~2.2674(RM488),平均值为1.3568;期望杂合度He范围为0.0093(RM240)~0.5591(RM448),平均值为0.2112;Shannon多样性指数I在0.0393~0.9296之间变动,平均值为0.3624。数据表明,广西药用野生稻遗传多样性较为丰富,12个药用野生稻地理居群按遗传多样性指数大小排序为:梧州-3南宁-1梧州-2梧州-1南宁-2玉林-2贵港-2梧州-4玉林-3玉林-1贺州贵港-1,其中指数高的居群均分布于梧州市和南宁市两地,因此确定了这两地为广西药用野生稻的遗传多样性中心。通过不同数量的SSR引物对药用野生稻材料间相似系数矩阵进行相关性测验,结果显示当引物按照PIC值降序排列时,10对引物即达到较好聚类效果,升序排列时,21对引物即达到较好聚类效果。研究表明,在进行药用野生稻大居群聚类分析时,SSR引物适宜数量应多于21对,最低不得少于10对。     

广西普通野生稻群体结构解析与核心种质构建

利用覆盖水稻12条染色体的64个分子标记,对广西境内已发现的283个野生稻自然居群按居群取样原则采集4173份代表性样本进行遗传结构分析并构建核心种质。结果显示,64个标记位点共检测出1180个等位变异,平均等位变异数为18.4375,Shannon指数为1.7367,Nei's多样性指数0.7182,表明广西普通野生稻资源遗传多样性十分丰富。同时,基于广西普通野生稻群体结构,构建了包含351份种质的广西普通野生稻核心种质,占原样本数的8.41%。广西普通野生稻核心种质,代表广西普通野生稻的多样性和特异性,为野生稻遗传资源的深入研究提供基础,从而为水稻育种提供应用信息。     

利用SSR标记分析海南普通野生稻的遗传多样性

选用平均分布于水稻基因组的28对SSR引物,对海南不同纬度5个普通野生稻居群的163份材料进行遗传多样性和遗传结构研究。结果表明:(1)海南普通野生稻具有较高的遗传多样性,28个位点共检测到227个等位变异,平均等位变异数A=8.1071,有效等位变异数Ae=4.4190,平均期望杂合度He=0.4004,实际观察杂合度Ho=0.7062,香农指数I=1.6048;(2)居群的遗传分化系数较大,总的遗传变异中有46.40%存在于居群间(Fst=0.4640);(3)居群内杂合体较高(F is=-0.7069),根据固定指数(F=0.0588)计算出的异交率t=0.8889,说明海南普通野生稻的繁育系统属于一种较高的异交混合交配类型。     

普通野生稻（Oryza rufipogon Griff．）的SSR遗传多样性研究

利用SSR标记对分布在我国7个省的17个居群普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff．)的种质资源进行研究,结果表明：17个居群普通野生稻的遗传多样性有着显著的差异,从UPGMA聚类结果可以看出普通野生稻的遗传多样性与其生态地理分布有显著的相关性,遗传多样性指数高的地区极有可能是栽培稻的起源中心;用筛选出的7对SSR引物对336份：DNA样品进行扩增,得到60条特异条带,在分子水平上进一步证明普通野生稻的起源为两广地区;本研究也表明SSR是进行遗传资源多样性研究的一种切实有效的研究方法。     

广西武宣濠江流域普通野生稻居群遗传多样性及保护研究

选用平均分布于水稻基因组的24对SSR引物,对沿河分布最长的广西武宣濠江流域的12个普通野生稻居群343份材料的遗传结构进行研究.结果表明:(1)该地普通野生稻遗传多样性丰富.24个位点共检测到206个等位变异,平均等位变异数A＝8.7083,有效等位变异数Ae＝3.7117;(2)该地普通野生稻居群具有较高的遗传分化和一定频率的基因流.群体遗传分化系数Gst＝0.2659,基因流Nm＝0.6901,表明26.59%的遗传变异存在于居群间;(3)SSR标记使普通野生稻居群中一些稀有等位变异得以显现.206个等位变异中,65个等位变异仅出现在1个或2个居群中,且频率较低,其中12个等位变异只出现在居群B中;(4)通过聚类分析和主坐标分析(PCO),下游居群A和B遗传关系较近,中游居群C比较独特,单独成为一类,中游居群D、E、F和G遗传关系较近,中游居群H、I和J及上游居群K和L遗传关系较近.根据上述分析结果,建议对濠江下游和中游具有代表性的居群(即居群B、D和H)的普通野生稻进行重点保护.     

粤北普通野生稻籼粳分化的SSR分析

本文利用28对籼粳特异性SSR引物对174个粤北普通野生稻个体进行分析.28对引物均有多态性,平均每对引物扩增出的等位变异数和基因型数分别为10.6和28.粤北普通野生稻群体有较高的遗传多样性(0.768 1),除了能扩增出典型的籼、粳特异基因,还能扩增出野生稻特有的基因.遗传一致度聚类分析表明粤北普通野生稻存在初步籼粳分化;2份(1.15%)材料偏籼,172份(98.85%)材料偏粳,群体以偏粳为主.基因组水平上整个粤北群体没有发现原始类型.     

应用SSR标记对61个国家大麦遗传多样性的研究

使用全自动基因分析仪(ABI-3700 DNA Analyzer),用35对SSR荧光标记引物对来自61个国家的2625份大麦种质资源的遗传多样性进行了分析,得出如下结果(1)35对引物在2625份大麦种质资源中共检测到2063个等位变异,每个位点的等位变异数为30～79个,平均为58.94;多样性指数为1.60～3.66,平均为2.80;(2)在大麦的7条染色体中,每条染色体的等位变异数不等,染色体等位变异数从多到少排序为5、7、2、6、3、4、1,遗传多样性指数从高到低依次为2、6、7、3、5、4、1,综合这两项指标,第2、7条染色体遗传多样性较高,第1条染色体的遗传多样性最低;(3)约旦、伊朗、叙利亚和利比亚等国家大麦的遗传多样性指数最高,分别为2.58、2.53、2.50和2.38;而埃塞俄比亚、叙利亚、伊朗和约旦等国家的大麦资源则具有较多的等位变异,分别为29.03、25.57、25.11和24.60,综合分析,约旦、伊朗、叙利亚和土耳其大麦遗传多样性较高.     

辣椒种质遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR及其表型数据分析

用RAPDI、SSR分子标记及28个表型性状数据对辣椒属5个栽培种的13份材料进行了分析,结果表明:23条RAPD引物共扩增出209条带,平均每个引物扩增出9.09条,多态性位点比率为83.73%;16条ISSR引物共扩增出94条带,平均每个引物扩增出5.88条,多态性位点比率为79.79%.与RAPD相比,ISSR标记检测到的有效等位基因数(Ne)及Shannon多样性指数(I)、遗传离散度(Ht)和遗传分化系数(Gst)等遗传多样性参数都较大,多态性位点比例在亲缘关系较近的一年生辣椒(Capsicum annuum)种内较高,说明ISSR有更高的多态性检测效率,并且适合亲缘关系较近的种群间遗传多样性分析.基于RAPDI、SSR的聚类与基于表型数据的聚类之间存在极显著正相关,且都能将C.annuum与其它栽培种区分开来.     

应用SSR标记对61个国家大麦遗传多样性的研究

使用全自动基因分析仪（ABI-3700 DNA Analyzer）,用35对SSR荧光标记引物对来自61个国家的2625份大麦种质资源的遗传多样性进行了分析,得出如下结果：（1）35对引物在2625份大麦种质资源中共检测到2063个等位变异,每个位点的等位变异数为30～79个,平均为58.94;多样性指数为1.60～3.66,平均为2.80;（2）在大麦的7条染色体中,每条染色体的等位变异数不等,染色体等位变异数从多到少排序为5、7、2、6、3、4、1,遗传多样性指数从高到低依次为2、6、7、3、5、4、1,综合这两项指标,第2、7条染色体遗传多样性较高,第1条染色体的遗传多样性最低;（3）约旦、伊朗、叙利亚和利比亚等国家大麦的遗传多样性指数最高,分别为2.58、2.53、2.50和2.38;而埃塞俄比亚、叙利亚、伊朗和约旦等国家的大麦资源则具有较多的等位变异,分别为29.03、25.57、25.11和24.60,综合分析,约旦、伊朗、叙利亚和土耳其大麦遗传多样性较高。     

广东高州普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff)的遗传多样性和居群遗传分化研究

利用30对SSR引物对广东高州普通野生稻3个群体进行了遗传多样性分析和居群遗传分化研究.结果表明,30对引物中只有20对表现出多态,多态位点比率P为66.7%;在20个多态位点中共检测出81个等位变异,平均等位变异数(Ap)为4.05 个;3个群体总的遗传多样性(Ht)为0.61,其中,居群内的遗传多样性为居群间的遗传多样性的3倍多,说明总的遗传多样性主要来自居群内;虽然居群间的遗传分化系数(G ST)较低,仅为0.2427,但当遗传相似系数临界值增加时,3个群体在聚类图上相对独立 ,说明3个群体既存在着高度的遗传相似性,又具有一定程度的遗传分化,可以作为3个居群进行原生境保护.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.