温度对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响

目的探讨温度对斑马鱼胚胎发育速度及器官分化的影响。方法将带绿色荧光的转基因斑马鱼胚胎分配至3个培养皿中,各放160个胚胎,分别放置于28.5℃(标准发育温度)、31℃(高温)和25℃(低温)3个不同温度中进行孵育,孵育至3 h、6 h、10 h、24 h和48 h时进行观察拍照,并在36 h、48 h和72 h时用荧光显微镜观察胚胎的心脏和血管,比较不同温度对胚胎发育进程及各器官发育的影响。结果 3种温度下,胚胎存活率分别为92.5%、89.4%和91.25%,没有显著性差异。相同发育时间内,与标准温度中发育的胚胎相比,31℃中的胚胎发育较快,而25℃的胚胎发育所处的时期较早。发育到相同分期,31℃所需时间比标准温度短,而25℃所需时间长。3个不同温度下,胚胎心脏和血管的发育均不受影响。结论高温促进胚胎发育,低温延迟发育,但高温或低温均不影响胚胎器官正常发育。结合实际科研需要,可通过调控温度来调节斑马鱼胚胎的发育进程。     

白斑狗鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的研究

白斑狗鱼 (EscoxluciusLinnaeus) ,卵圆球形 ,呈金黄色 ,直径为 1.9— 2 .2mm ,具黏性。在 5— 11℃的温度下 ,受精卵历时 185h 18min发育后孵出 ,所需总积温为 2 6 4 1 37℃ ,胚胎发育可划分为 6个阶段 ,33个发育时期。初孵仔鱼全长 7 0— 7 7mm ,从孵出到各鳍形成需 2 1d。胚胎发育各期及仔鱼的主要形态特征均被描述     

沼水蛙早期胚胎发育的初步研究

报道了沼水蛙的早期胚胎发育过程。根据胚胎发育过程中的形态变化规律将胚胎发育过程分为2 5个时期 ,在室温 (2 4± 1 )℃的条件下 ,胚胎发育历时 1 87h 5 4min ;在室外不控制温度 ,气温为 1 8～ 2 5℃的条件下 ,历时 2 1 5h 3 0min。本文还描述了各时期的形态特征 ,并讨论了发育中的一些现象。     

斑腿泛树蛙早期胚胎发育的研究

报道斑腿泛树蛙(Polypedates megacephalus Hallowell)的早期胚胎发育过程。根据胚胎发育过程中的形态变化规律将胚胎发育过程分为25个时期,在室温(26±1)℃的条件下,胚胎发育历时128.58h。描述了各时期的形态特征,并讨论了发育中的一些现象     

意大利蝗的胚胎发育及卵滞育发生的胚胎发育阶段

【目的】明确意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus (L.)胚胎发育及卵滞育发生的胚胎发育阶段。【方法】2013-2014年间,通过室外胚胎发育进度检测和室内孵化培养观察,研究其胚胎发育等级、滞育和越冬的胚胎阶段及自然越冬滞育的解除。【结果】意大利蝗的胚胎发育可划分为18个阶段;意大利蝗胚胎有反向移转、转旋和顺向移动3种胚胎转动方式;意大利蝗卵滞育发生的胚胎发育阶段为第Ⅻ阶段。自然条件下,意大利蝗卵发育至次年1月21日,仅部分卵解除滞育,解除滞育卵的发育历期最长;随着越冬时间的延长,解除滞育的卵逐渐增多,其发育历期逐渐缩短;直至次年3月29日卵基本完全解除滞育。意大利蝗雌成虫所产的早中期卵（7月27日-8月16日所产卵）以胚胎发育第Ⅻ阶段（滞育发生的胚胎发育阶段）越冬,于翌年4月16日（侯地温平均值：7.59℃,最高温：15.95℃,最低温：2.67℃）继续发育;雌成虫所产的晚期卵（8月28日-9月4日所产卵）,自11月4日（侯地温平均值：7.32℃,最高温：9.00℃,最低温：5.18℃）开始以胚胎第Ⅹ阶段越冬,于翌年3月29日（侯地温平均值：3.78℃,最高温：10.27℃,最低温：0.14℃）继续发育。【结论】意大利蝗雌成虫所产的早中期和晚期卵,其越冬胚胎发育阶段、开始越冬时间及越冬后继续发育的时间均不同。     

红瘰疣螈胚胎发育的初步观察

报道红瘰疣螈（Tylototmon shanjing）的胚胎发育过程。根据胚胎发育过程中的形态变化规律将胚胎发育过程分为22个时期,在室温（25±1）℃的条件下,胚胎发育历时20-22d。描述了各时期的形态特征,并讨论了发育中的一些现象。     

低温和变温诱导对飞蝗胚胎发育的影响

【目的】飞蝗Locusta migratoria(Linnaeus)是我国乃至全世界广泛发生的重要农业害虫,其种群暴发会给农作物造成重大为害和减产。飞蝗种群发生动态受低温及变温的影响,但低温和变温如何作用于胚胎发育和是否诱导胚胎滞育的发生,目前尚不清楚。【方法】本文在对飞蝗胚胎发育特点观察鉴定的基础上,研究了胚胎发育中期恒定低温诱导、诱导后恢复、发育中期变温诱导及发育早期低温诱导等条件对胚胎发育进程的影响。【结果】研究发现,胚胎发育起点温度下非致死温度7.5℃处理促使胚胎发育历期变异增加,而25~30℃高温下胚胎发育整齐。7.5℃处理时间长短对胚胎发育影响不明显,但该低温培育时间长短影响后期常温下的胚胎发育,即7.5℃下长期低温可能促进25℃或30℃下的胚胎的发育。25℃以下变温温度影响胚胎发育进展,但影响胚胎发育的限制因子主要是发育起点以上温度。【结论】因此,温度作为单一环境因子,其特定的低温和变温处理不仅没有诱导胚胎滞育的发生,反而促进后期胚胎在常温下的发育。本研究结果对揭示温度变化对个体发育和种群动态影响及预测飞蝗种群发生有重要的指导意义。     

不同温度对中华蟾蜍早期胚胎发育的影响

本文探讨了温度与中华蟾蜍早期胚胎的发育速度、器官分化、畸形率、死亡率、增长速度之间的相互关系,并同相近温度下几种蛙卵的发育速度进行了比较。证实:中华蟾蜍早期胚胎在6—29℃范围内均能发育,最适发育温度为17—23℃,最高限温32℃,1℃时不能发育,完成早期发育的蝌蚪也不能持续耐受34℃的高温和1℃的低温;变温对胚胎发育有益;原肠胚期和神经胚期是胚胎发育中对温度最敏感的时期。     

池蝶蚌胚胎发育与繁殖季节性腺的观察

以池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis schlegeli)育儿囊中单细胞胚胎为材料,通过连续观察、人工体外培养等方法,对繁殖季节池蝶蚌的生殖腺特性、生殖细胞形态、胚胎发育过程等进行了观察.结果表明,年满4冬龄池蝶蚌卵巢的相对怀卵量为(2.25±1.09)×103粒/g,绝对怀卵量为1.93×104～1.03 × 105粒;性腺指数为24.09%±0.33%;在体外用自制培养液培养的胚胎,部分能正常分裂发育至桑椹期,其胚胎发育过程经历了4个时期,即卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、钩介幼虫期.在18～23℃的水温下,胚胎发育历时约12 d;胚胎发育的最适水温为20～30℃.此外,通过池蝶蚌外鳃的特征可初步判断胚胎发育的时期.研究结果可为池蝶蚌人工繁殖、新品种培育及种质资源保护等提供理论依据.     

环境因子对真水狼蛛胚胎发育的影响

研究了温度、相对湿度和光照时间对真水狼蛛（Pirata piraticus）胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,温度不仅影响真水狼蛛胚胎发育的全过程,也对胚胎发育的各阶段有影响,在20℃-35℃范围内,随着温度的升高,胚胎发育加快,卵的发育起点温度为11.9℃,低温下,卵的孵化整齐度高温下要高,28℃时,孵化率最高。为探讨真水狼蛛胚胎发育的影响因子和合适条件,考虑温度、相对湿度和光照时间3个因子的综合作用,按照二次正交旋转组合设计的要求安排实验,得出了影响胚胎发育历期、胚胎成形率和孵化率的二次回归模型,并分析了其影响因子,利用孵化率的回归模型,得到了真水狼蛛卵孵化的最优条件为温度为27℃-28.5℃,相对湿度为94％－97％,光照时间为14－17h。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).