六种野菜不同部位硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C的含量

报道了6种野菜不同部位的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C的含量。参考蔬菜中硝酸盐含量分级评价标准和无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量限量标准,结合各种野菜及不同部位的维生素C的含量,对这6种野菜评价如下:鼠麴草的叶、龙葵的叶、苋的嫩茎和叶,属于一级野菜,可以安全食用;鼠麴草的嫩茎属二级蔬菜范围,不宜生食,煮熟或盐渍可安全食用;龙葵的嫩茎、树仔菜的嫩茎,属于三级蔬菜,不可生食和盐渍,可熟食。白子菜的嫩茎和狗肝菜的嫩茎,属于四级蔬菜,不宜食用或限量食用;树仔菜的叶、白子菜的叶亚硝酸盐含量高于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准,所以不宜食用或限量食用。     

湛江常见野菜安全可食性探讨

对湛江野菜所含的硝酸盐、维生素C、胡萝卜素及氨基酸进行了测定和分析。结果表明,刺苋和野当归富含维生素C和胡萝卜素,硝酸盐含量较低,实为品质上乘野蔬。东风菜和枸杞虽然胡萝卜素含量很高,但前者维生素C和氨基酸含量较低,后者硝酸盐含量已超过三级蔬菜标准。不宜大量食用。其余几种野菜营养成分比传统蔬菜高,属于安全食用性野菜。     

粤西四种野菜营养成分分析

以常规方法对黄鹌菜、鸡屎藤、打碗花、一点红的营养成分进行了测定和分析.结果表明,4种野菜都含有较高的膳食纤维.打碗花、鸡屎滕的抗坏血酸含量及打碗花中的胡萝卜素含量比传统蔬菜白菜、波菜要高.四种野菜所测的矿质元素含量差异较大,其中一点红的含铁量最高.在硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的分析中,黄鹌菜、一点红属一级无公害蔬菜,可放心食用.鸡屎藤、打碗花属二级蔬菜范围,不宜生食,煮熟和盐渍后可放心食用.     

降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量的食前处理方法

以小白菜、萝卜和四季豆为试材,研究了不同食前处理（清水浸泡、盐渍、漂烫）对蔬菜硝酸盐和维生素C（VitC）含量的影响。结果表明,清水浸泡和漂烫处理均可较大程度地降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量;盐渍处理硝酸盐含量下降不明显,其中萝卜经盐渍后硝酸盐含量反而升高;三种处理方式以漂烫0.5 min处理蔬菜VitC含量损失最小。     

山西汾河滩常见野菜安全可食性的探讨

对采自汾河滩的七种野菜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、维生素C和氨基酸的测定及统计分析结果表明:刺儿菜、藜、碱蓬的硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量较高,且其亚硝酸盐含量均超标,不宜食用;苦荬菜,其硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量稍微超过限量标准,但是其维生素C含量极其丰富,若两食量作一定的限制,是可以安全食用的;而地肤、车前、苦菜这三种野菜其硝酸盐与亚硝酸含量均较低,且维生素C及氨基酸两项营养价值指标适中,为安全可食性野菜。     

几种野生蔬菜硝酸盐及维生素C含量的研究

野生蔬菜不仅具有较高的营养价值,还有相当高的医疗价值。近代研究表明,过量的食入硝酸盐,会诱发消化系统癌变,而维生素 C 有防癌作用,因此硝酸盐和维生素 C含量为评价蔬菜品质的重要指标之一。一般栽培的叶菜类蔬菜如白菜、菠菜、苔菜等硝酸盐含量很高,平均存4000mg/kg 鲜重左右。野生蔬菜中的硝酸盐及维生素 C 含量如何呢?我们仅对几种分布广泛,食用历史较长,营养价值较高的野生蔬菜进行了研究,以期为科学地有选择性地开发野生蔬菜资源提供有价值的依据。     

不同土壤盐度对胡萝卜品质的影响

采用土壤盆栽试验,设置6个盐度水平（0、500、1000、1500、2000、2500 mg/kg）,研究胡萝卜种植过程中盐度对其叶绿素、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质及硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明,种植胡萝卜的土壤盐度控制在500 mg/kg,可以提高胡萝卜的品质,减少盐分对土壤的损伤。具体表现为,500 mg/kg盐度处理对胡萝卜叶绿素含量无显著影响,而高盐度使胡萝卜叶绿素总含量降低;500～1000 mg/kg盐度可增加胡萝卜维生素C和可溶性蛋白质含量;可溶性总糖含量以500 mg/kg处理的降低幅度最小,500～2000 mg/kg处理使胡萝卜硝酸盐含量呈降低趋势,但高盐度（2500 mg/kg）则会增加其硝酸盐含量。     

山东潍坊地下水硝酸盐污染现状及δ15N溯源

采用均匀布点选取了山东潍坊居民区、粮田和蔬菜种植区等区域地下水为研究对象,分析了地下水硝态氮含量及污染来源,结果表明:潍坊地区地下水硝态氮平均含量为28.1 mg/L ,按照国家地下水质量标准(GB/T 14848-93)属于Ⅲ类水;饮用水井硝态氮平均含量为23.3 mg/L, 最高值达到了150 mg/L,对国家饮用水标准(10 mg/L)超标率高达73.5%,严重超标率达50%;不同土地利用方式下地下水硝态氮含量不同,设施蔬菜种植区最高,其次是露地蔬菜种植区, 小麦-玉米种植区地下水硝态氮含量较低,但都超过了WHO饮用水中硝酸盐的最大允许含量50 mg/L的规定(折合为硝态氮11.3 mg/L);硝酸盐与水质离子之间的相关性以及水质分析相关的派珀图分析显示地下水硝酸盐污染与氮肥施用有关;根据硝酸盐δ¹⁵N的稳定同位素溯源分析,潍坊地区地下水硝酸盐41.5%来自于化肥,14.6%来自于生活污水,其他是来自化肥、生活污水和家畜粪尿的混合污染。综上,潍坊市地下水硝酸盐污染非常严重,已经对当地居民的身体健康造成了潜在的威胁;因此,亟需从源头控制做起,减少肥料的过量投入和生活污水的随意排放,以控制硝酸盐的继续污染及改善当地水环境。     

江西上饶5种野菜硝酸盐和Vc含量

测定了江西上饶地区常见的5种野菜（蔊菜、马齿苋、车前、山莴苣和水芹）的硝酸盐和Vc含量,结果表明：5种野菜的硝酸盐含量相差较大,分别为26.76、77.66、22.92、70.99和1.54 mg/kg,均未超过FAO/WHO规定的日允许量（ADI）的计算值;5种野菜的Vc含量相差不大。水芹的硝酸盐含量最低,故其利用价值较大。     

常见食用的野生蔬菜

蕨(Pteridium aquilinum var latiuculum)凤尾蕨科多年生草本植物。产全国各地,东北、华北及陕甘南部山区分布较多。采集拳状卷曲的幼嫩茎叶鲜食、盐渍或加工罐头蔬菜。每百克可食部分含胡罗卜素 1.68毫克,维生素 B_2 0.13毫克,维生素 C35毫克。蕨类植物供作野菜食用的,还有:紫箕科的紫箕(Osmunda japonica)又名水骨菜,产秦岭以南;分株紫箕(O.cinnamomen var.asiatica)产东北及川西、滇北;南方紫箕(O.c.var.fokieuse);蹄盖蕨科的菜蕨(Callipteris     

四种野菜硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐及维生素C的含量

四种野菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素Ｃ的含量邱贺媛（唐山师范专科学校化学系,唐山０６３０００）Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆｎｉｔｒａｔｅ,ｎｉｔｒｉｔｅａｎｄｖｉｔａｍｉｎＣｏｆｆｏｕｒｅｄｉｂｌｅｗｉｌｄｖｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅｓＱｉｕＨｅ－Ｙｕａｎ（Ｃｈｅｍ...     

Comparative Survey of Entomophagy and Entomotherapeutic Practices in Six Tribes of Eastern Arunachal Pradesh (India)

Background

Dalmatia is an interesting place to study the use of wild greens as it lies at the intersection of influence of Slavs, who do not usually use many species of wild greens, and Mediterranean culinary culture, where the use of multiple wild greens is common. The aim of the study was to document the mixtures of wild green vegetables which are sold in all the vegetable markets of Dalmatia.

Methods

All vendors (68) in all 11 major markets of the Dalmatian coast were interviewed. The piles of wild vegetables they sold were searched and herbarium specimens taken from them.

Results

The mean number of species in the mix was 5.7. The most commonly sold wild plants are: Sonchus oleraceus L., Allium ampeloprasum L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Urospermum picroides F.W.Schmidt, Papaver rhoeas L., Daucus carota L., Taraxacum sp., Picris echioides L., Silene latifolia Poir. and Crepis spp. Also the cultivated beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and a few cultivated Brassicaceae varieties are frequent components. Wild vegetables from the mix are usually boiled for 20–30 minutes and dressed with olive oil and salt. Altogether at least 37 wild taxa and 13 cultivated taxa were recorded. Apart from the mixes, Asparagus acutifolius L. and Tamus communis L. shoots are sold in separate bunches (they are usually eaten with eggs), as well as some Asteraceae species, the latter are eaten raw or briefly boiled.

Conclusions

The rich tradition of eating many wild greens may result both from strong Venetian and Greek influences and the necessity of using all food resources available in the barren, infertile land in the past. Although the number of wild-collected green vegetables is impressive we hypothesize that it may have decreased over the years, and that further in-depth local ethnobotanical studies are needed in Dalmatia to record the disappearing knowledge of edible plants.     

The use of wild edible plants in western and central Anatolia (Turkey)

In this study, 121 wild edible plants used as food in Anatolia were surveyed to determine the plant parts used and their detailed preparation methods. The results of this study show that the plants may be boiled, fried in fat, and eaten raw or as rolled vegetables. They may also be consumed as pickles, fruits, sweets and spices, and drunk as cold and hot drinks. Thirty species (8 genera) were identified as belonging to the Lamiaceae family, 15 species (15 genera) belong to the Asteraceae family, 13 species (5 genera) belong to the Rosaceae family, 8 species (7 genera) belong to the Brassicaceae family, 6 species (3 genera) belong to the Orchidaceae family and 5 species (5 genera) belong to the Apiaceae family. The genera represented by the highest number of species in the study are as follows:Sideritis L. is represented by 13 species, Origanum L. by 7 species,Rubus L. by 5 species,Thymus L. by 4 species andRumex L. by 4 species.     

4种野生蔬菜的氨基酸含量及其营养价值评价

野生蔬菜具有独特的口味,丰富的营养,有些还具有防病治病的功能,对人体有良好的保健作用.白子菜[Gynura divaricata (L.) DC.]茎叶有消热、舒筋及止血祛瘀的作用,用于镇咳、风湿性关节痛、骨折、创伤止血,痈肿疮疥等症,在民间还作抗癌草使用[1].红凤菜(Gynura bicolor DC.)茎叶有活血止血,解毒消肿的功效,治痛经,血崩,咳血,创伤出血,溃疡久不收口[2].诸葛菜[Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) Schulz]作为野生蔬菜在江苏、安徽民间有很长的食用历史,测定结果表明,该种含有黄酮类化合物[3].马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)具有清热解毒、消炎、利尿、消肿的功效,民间还用于白发症、糖尿病、心血管疾病的治疗[4],中国卫生部将它列为药食同用的植物.     

重庆市蔬菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量及其与环境的关系

在重庆市的主要蔬菜中,硝酸盐含量依次为根菜类＞叶菜类＞葱蒜类＞瓜类＞豆类＞茄果类,前３类的硝酸盐含量超标,但各种蔬菜的亚硝酸盐含量一般较低,未超过卫生标准。就同一种蔬菜的不同样品而言,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的差异很大,说明品种或环境条件可显著影响其含量。重庆市多雾少光,冬春低温,土壤含氮量和钠高子含量较高,有效钾含量较低可能是导致蔬菜大量积累硝酸盐的环境因素。蔬菜不同器官硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量各异,根＞茎＞叶柄＞叶片。