冷冻保护剂DMSO对人骨髓细胞部分化学成份的影响

冻存前的多数骨髓细胞质内充满了深蓝色的POX反应颗粒,棕黄色的ANAE反应颗粒及粉红色的糖原颗粒。用5％和20％BMSO作为低温保护剂于液氮中冻存7天的骨髓细胞含破碎细胞成份较多,完整细胞内POX、ANAE及糖原反应均弱。用10％DMSO作为低温保护剂冻存的骨髓细胞中糖原、ANAE反应减弱不明显,POX反应强度略增加。用MPV-Ⅱ型显微分光光度计对上述样品进行定量测定的结果显示5％、20％DMSO低温冻存组骨髓细胞三种化学成份含量均明显降低,10％DMSO低温冻存组骨髓细胞中糖原、ANAE含量均降低,POX含量稍有增加。结果表明10％DMSO对骨髓细胞某些化学成份影响较小。     

不同冷冻条件对骨髓造血细胞的CFU－GM形成能力及DNA活性的影响

本文对不同冷冻条件下人骨髓造血细胞的粒单系集落（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）形成能力及ＤＮＡ活性变化进行测定。结果证明：室温下低温保护剂二甲基亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）使骨髓造血细胞形成ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的能力下降;程序降温至－８０℃与降至－８０℃后与在液氮内冻存７天骨髓造血细胞相比较,二者形成ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的能力以及ＤＮＡ活性均无明显变化;在程序降温过程中,消除融合热释放组骨髓造血细胞形成ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的能力明显高于来消除融合热释放组。     

低温冻存对骨髓基质细胞生物学特性的影响

目的：探讨低温冻存对骨髓细胞和贴壁基质细胞生物学特性的影响。方法：取新鲜骨髓和经Dexter法培养14d的骨髓贴壁基质细胞(称“基质细胞”),经-196℃液氮冻存(前者称“冻存骨髓”,后者称“冻存基质细胞”)2周,复温,再用Dexter法培养这些细胞,检测细胞增殖、细胞形态、细胞化学染色、细胞表面抗原及基质细胞支持另一骨髓造血细胞形成的鹅卵石造血区(CAFC),长期培养起始细胞(LTCIC)的变化,比较冻存对骨髓细胞和基质细胞生物学特性的影响。结果：生长特性：冻存骨髓比新鲜骨髓、冻存基质细胞比新鲜基质细胞培养后融合成片的时间延迟,细胞增殖数比也有减低。细胞成分：冻存骨髓比新鲜骨髓形成的成纤维细胞、内皮细胞比率下降,而巨噬细胞和脂肪细胞比率升高,冻存基质细胞上述现象更明显：冻存后含凋亡小体的细胞在骨髓细胞和基质细胞内均有增加。细胞表面抗原：冻存骨髓、冻存基质细胞CD14、HLA-DR抗原表达百分率比新鲜骨髓、新鲜基质细胞高,CD45、CD33反之。支持造血：冻存前后骨髓和基质细胞支持形成的CAFC和LTC-IC,生长良好,无显著差异。结论：骨髓细胞和经培养生成的贴壁基质细胞,经冻存和复温,生物学特性有一定变化,但仍可以保留良好的支持造血重建功能。     

β-TCP三维支架用于骨髓间充质干细胞原位冻存研究

目的:探索骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)三维扩增原位冻存策略实践性及其对传代迁徙和成骨分化能力的影响.方法:制备β-TCP三维支架,相对2D平板考察三维扩增细胞数,冻存后以CCK-8染色计数考察收获冻存效率,迁徙率,并以ALP染色考察总体成骨分化水平和比分化活力.结果:与2D平板相比,3D培养速率提升7倍,原位冻存细胞收获存活效率由传统消化吹打方式的55.9%提升为81.3%;冻存处理后其迁徙率传代效率下降无统计学意义(P>0.05),比ALP活性经冻存处理非但未下降,反而在迁徙传代支架上显著性提升.结论:利用β-TCP三维支架扩增、传代MSC并进行原位冻存不影响传代迁徙能力,对成骨分化水平反而有贡献作用,具有较好的科研及工业生产应用前景.     

造血细胞活力冷冻损伤的可恢复性

人骨髓冻存后其造血祖细胞活力有一定程度下降,本研究对这种下降的可逆性作了初步观察。结果发现,用双层法和单层法作CFU-GM培养时,未冻存骨髓集落产率相近,冻存骨髓双层法的CFU-GM产率高于单层法。骨髓细胞用20％FM-CM、PHA-LYCM、PHA-PMCM预孵育2h后,分别测定其CFU-GM、BFU-E与CFU-Mix,发现这种孵育过程对未冻存骨髓的集落产率无明显影响,而冻存骨髓的集落产率在孵育后可升高(GEMmeg除外)。说明骨髓造血祖细胞对冻存的损伤反应不均一,部分受损细胞在一定条件下可以恢复其增殖活力。这对于用冻存骨髓作骨髓移植可能有一定意义。     

~(60)钴γ线对骨髓、脾脏造血细胞DNA和RNA合成能力的影响

~(60)钴γ线照射离体的人体骨髓细胞及豚鼠骨髓、脾脏细胞,观察~3H-TdR及~(14)C-UR放射性渗入受抑的情况。实验发现辐射引起渗入活性下降随剂量增高而愈剧,骨髓细胞比脾脏细胞敏感,DNA合成比RNA合成代谢敏感。10拉德剂量导致入骨髓细胞DNA合成能力显著下降。200拉德引起豚鼠骨髓细胞放射性渗入降低48％。     

超低温保存鸡红细胞条件的选择

通过比较液氮冻存鸡红细胞(CRBC)时,不同组成的冻存保护液及不同的降温程序,对CRBC活力的影响来选择最佳的冻存条件。结果表明,含15％二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的不添加血清RP—MI-1640培养液．具有良好保持冻存CRBC活力的作用。以样品悬置液氮罐口10min→浸入液氮的程序降温,经40℃水浴复苏,CRBC的活力高于90％。CRBC由于廉价易得,是学生人数较多时进行细胞冻存与复苏实验的优良材料。     

饥饿与冬眠期牛蛙肝脏糖原含量及主要酶的活性变化

目的研究饥饿与冬眠期牛蛙肝脏糖原含量和非特异性酯酶(NSE)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、过氧化物酶(POX)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的活性变化。方法应用冰冻切片、PAS染色法、酶组织化学技术及光密度定量分析。结果饥饿期肝糖原含量显著降低,冬眠期肝糖原含量与活动期无显著差异;NSE活性在活动期最高,饥饿期显著降低,冬眠期活性最低;ALP和POX活性在饥饿期均显著降低,冬眠期与活动期无显著差异;SDH活性在饥饿期和冬眠期均显著降低,活动期活性显著较高。结论饥饿和冬眠期牛蛙肝糖原含量变化不一致,其他酶类活性变化相一致,不同时期肝糖原含量和酶活性的变化与牛蛙生理状态有着较好的适应性。     

冷冻保存骨髓细胞方法的改进

冷冻保存骨髓细胞和自体骨髓移植是帮助需放疗和化疗的白血病病人和恶性肿瘤病人造血功能恢复的重要措施,已在临床工作中受到重视,但目前常用的方法冻存容积大,用代血浆分离的方法使细胞有一定损失,而且两者的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)用量均较大,不利于给病人输注,我们采用了一种简单的方法,减少了总的冻存体积,简化了操作步骤,冻存后的骨髓细胞仍保持较高活率,已在临床应用,效果良好。     

一种无血清冻存液在猪胎儿成纤维细胞上的应用研究

在猪胎儿成纤维细胞(porcine fetal fibroblasts, PFF)冻存过程中,血清品质常常制约着细胞的冻存效果。为了解决这个问题,本研究旨在开发一种无血清冻存液应用于猪胎儿成纤维细胞冻存。用3种不同冻存液冻存猪胎儿成纤维细胞,每种冻存10管。冻存30 d后复苏细胞,测定冻存细胞存活率,细胞增殖活力以及电转后细胞活性。结果显示:自制无血清细胞冻存液,冻存猪胎儿成纤维细胞后存活率达95.33%;细胞增殖活力以及电转后细胞活性均显著高于标准胎牛血清冻存液(p<0.05),与特级胎牛血清冻存液效果相当(p>0.05)。因此,自制冻存液冻存猪胎儿成纤维细胞效果稳定,能够替代含血清冻存液,有良好的推广应用前景。     

Cellular isolation, culture and characterization of the marrow sac cells in human tubular bone

The goal of this study is to characterize the epithelioid-like human marrow sac cells that separate the myeloid and osteoblast populations in situ and to determine if they express osteoblast cytoplasmic markers. Tubular segments of femoral diaphyseal bone were obtained from healthy young (4-8 yr) male and female patients undergoing femoral shortening surgeries. The interface between bone and marrow was examined by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The marrow sac cells were isolated and cultured in a-MEM medium with and without dexamethasone, glycerophosphate, and ascorbic acid [DGPA]. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteocalcin were evaluated. In the SEM, the marrow sac presented a distinctive pattern of large overlapping cells. TEM studies showed that marrow sac was one or two cells thick, which were attenuated with elongated nuclei, few cellular organelles, and appeared to display intercellular gap junctions. In culture, the marrow sac cells stained positively for ALP and BMP-2, and their expression was enhanced two- to three- fold when the cells were grown in DGPA. DGPA did not enhance osteocalcin expression. The cells of the human marrow sac reside proximate to endosteal osteoblasts and express osteoblastic markers. It is possible that these stromal cells constitute an osteoprogenitor pool from which replacement osteoblasts are recruited, and that they are involved in normal bone formation and in bone diseases (e.g., osteoporosis and osteopenia).     

重组白介素6-假单胞菌外毒素融合蛋白对正常BN大鼠骨髓粒系造血的作用

本文报道了重组白介素6-假单胞菌外毒素融合蛋白(IL-6-PE40)对正常BN大鼠骨髓粒系造血的体外效应。10ng/ml的IL-6-PE40对高表达IL-6受体的U266骨髓瘤细胞的蛋白质合成抑制率为50％,1000ng/ml则为100％。1～1000ng/mlIL-6-PE40对正常骨髓未纯化细胞的CFU-GM集落形成和DNA合成无明显抑制,但IL-6却具有一定的刺激效应。提示正常骨髓粒系祖细胞和骨髓细胞可能不表达IL-6受体,IL-6-PE40对粒系造血仍具有某些细胞毒作用,但被IL-6-PE40中的IL-6极大地削弱了。     

去卵巢大鼠血清和骨髓细胞碱性磷酸酶水平变化的动态观察

目的：动态观察去卵巢大鼠血清和骨髓细胞碱性磷酸酶（ ALP）水平的变化。方法将80只3月龄雌性SD大鼠按体重分层后随机分为基础组以及假手术和去卵巢3、6、12、24周组。分别在手术前（0）和手术后3、6、12、24周腹主动脉取血处死各组大鼠,分离血清,制备骨髓细胞甩片,用721分光光度计检测血清ALP水平的变化;用显微镜计数骨髓细胞甩片ALP阳性染色细胞的数目。结果在假手术组大鼠中,血清ALP水平在手术后3周显著上升并持续到手术后6周,但在手术后12周开始显著下降并持续到手术后24周;骨髓细胞ALP阳性染色细胞数目在手术后3周显著上升并持续到手术后12周,但在手术后24周却显著下降。在去卵巢组大鼠中,血清ALP水平在手术后3周显著上升,到手术后6周开始显著下降并一直持续到手术后24周;骨髓细胞ALP阳性染色细胞数目在手术后3周显著下降并持续到手术后24周。从手术后3周开始,去卵巢组大鼠血清ALP水平均显著高于假手术组大鼠,但骨髓细胞ALP阳性染色细胞数目均显著低于假手术组大鼠。结论假手术组大鼠血清和骨髓细胞ALP水平变化趋势基本相似,但去卵巢大鼠血清和骨髓细胞ALP水平变化趋势不同。     

Water permeability of human hematopoietic stem cells

It is currently impossible to isolate or identify human hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow, yet the biophysical properties of these cells are important for the development of techniques to isolate and preserve stem cells for transplantation. Osmotic permeability properties of human bone marrow stem cells were estimated from the kinetics of cell damage in a hypotonic solution measured using in vitro colony assays for multipotential (CFU-GEMM) and committed (BFU-E, CFU-GM) progenitor cells. Cells exposed to a hypotonic solution swell as a result of water influx, and the rate of change of volume is proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of the plasma membrane. Cell damage occurs when the cell volume exceeds the maximum tolerable volume, so the hydraulic conductivity can be estimated from the kinetics of cell damage. For all the progenitor cells studied, the mean value of the hydraulic conductivity was 0.283 micron3/micron2/min/atm at 20 degrees C, with an Arrhenius activation energy of 6.41 kcal/mole. No significant differences were observed in the osmotic properties of the various progenitor cells. These data were used to predict the osmotic responses of human bone marrow stem cells at subzero temperatures during freezing.     

Novel oxysterols have pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic effects in vitro and induce spinal fusion in vivo

Stimulation of bone formation by osteoinductive materials is of great clinical importance in spinal fusion surgery, repair of bone fractures, and in the treatment of osteoporosis. We previously reported that specific naturally occurring oxysterols including 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (20S) induce the osteogenic differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells, while inhibiting their adipogenic differentiation. Here we report the characterization of two structural analogues of 20S, Oxy34 and Oxy49, which induce the osteogenic and inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSC) through activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Treatment of M2-10B4 MSC with Oxy34 or Oxy49 induced the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers Runx2, Osterix (Osx), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN), as well as ALP enzymatic activity and robust mineralization. Treatment with oxysterols together with PPARγ activator, troglitazone (Tro), inhibited mRNA expression for adipogenic genes PPARγ, LPL, and aP2, and inhibited the formation of adipocytes. Efficacy of Oxy34 and Oxy49 in stimulating bone formation in vivo was assessed using the posterolateral intertransverse process rat spinal fusion model. Rats receiving collagen implants with Oxy 34 or Oxy49 showed comparable osteogenic efficacy to BMP2/collagen implants as measured by radiography, MicroCT, and manual inspection. Histological analysis showed trabecular and cortical bone formation by oxysterols and rhBMP2 within the fusion mass, with robust adipogenesis in BMP2-induced bone and significantly less adipocytes in oxysterol-induced bone. These data suggest that Oxy34 and Oxy49 are effective novel osteoinductive molecules and may be suitable candidates for further development and use in orthopedic indications requiring local bone formation.     

BMP-13 Emerges as a Potential Inhibitor of Bone Formation

Bone morphogenetic protein-13 (BMP-13) plays an important role in skeletal development. In the light of a recent report that mutations in the BMP-13 gene are associated with spine vertebral fusion in Klippel-Feil syndrome, we hypothesized that BMP-13 signaling is crucial for regulating embryonic endochondral ossification. In this study, we found that BMP-13 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MSCs) in vitro. The endogenous BMP-13 gene expression in MSCs was examined under expansion conditions. The MSCs were then induced to differentiate into osteoblasts in osteo-inductive medium containing exogenous BMP-13. Gene expression was analysed by real-time PCR. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and activity, proteoglycan (PG) synthesis and matrix mineralization were assessed by cytological staining or ALP assay. Results showed that endogenous BMP-13 mRNA expression was higher than BMP-2 or -7 during MSC growth. BMP-13 supplementation strongly inhibited matrix mineralization and ALP activity of osteogenic differentiated MSCs, yet increased PG synthesis under the same conditions. In conclusion, BMP-13 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, implying that functional mutations or deficiency of BMP-13 may allow excess bone formation. Our finding provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of BMP-13 in restricting pathological bone formation.     

Antioxidants increase the cryoresistance of GM-CFC

The influence of antioxidative drugs on the cryopreservation of human bone marrow cells was studied. The viability of bone marrow cells was tested after freezing and thawing from--196 degrees C by the growth of GM-CFC in agar culture. The results suggest the ability of antioxidants to protect stem cells against damage caused by freezing and thawing. Addition of tocopherol or penicillin to a cryoprotective medium increases the number of surviving GM-CFC. From the colony-to-cluster ratio can be concluded that antioxidants especially protect more immature haematopoietic (colony forming) cells.     

Clonogenicity of normal and malignant hematopoietic progenitor cells after exposure to synthetic alkyl-lymphospholipids

Alkyl-lysophospholipids (ALP) are synthetic analogues of natural lysophosphatidylcholine and represent a new class of anti-tumor agents. They are cytotoxic in vitro with a high selectivity for neoplastic cells which, in contrast to normal cells, lack an alkyl-cleavage enzyme to degrade the adsorbed ALP molecules. As ALP accumulates, it interferes with normal membrane phospholipid turnover and eventually causes disruption of membrane integrity. To evaluate the potential value of ALP in eliminating leukemic cells from remission marrows prior to autologous transplantation, we tested the effect of various ALPs on the clongenicity of normal human marrow cells and on promyelocytic leukemia HL-60. A remarkable difference in the dose response to ALP of normal marrow cells an HL-60 was observed. After an incubation period of 24 h, the same inhibition of clonogenicity in HL-60 occurred at ALP concentrations 4 times lower than in normal marrow cells. Reducing the exposure time to 6 h enhanced the selectivity further: whereas HL-60 colonies were nearly completely inhibited at 16 micrograms ALP/ml, more than 50% of normal CFU-c and BFU-E were recovered after incubation with 48 micrograms/ml. No further increase in selectivity was achieved by changing the incubation temperature. Both thioether- and alkyl-analogues were active and no difference was observed between methoxy- and acylamino-substituted ALPs. We conclude that this selective cytotoxicity makes ALP compounds worth further study as purging agents in autologous bone marrow transplantation programs.