Ti02膜吸附固定糖化酶特性的研究

分别以醋酸纤维素Ti02膜(AC、Ti02膜)、羧甲基纤维Ti02膜(CMC、Ti02膜)和聚丙烯Ti02膜(PP、Ti02膜)为载体吸附固定糖化酶,并与醋酸纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和聚丙烯固定糖化酶的性能进行了比较,得出以AC、Ti02膜和PP、Ti02膜对糖化酶的吸附性能及稳定性能均较好,PP、Ti02膜固定的糖化酶使用8次后其剩余酶活仍能保持在72％。     

用纸浆代棉花合成CMC

羧甲基纤维素(CMC)系天然纤维素的衍生物。它是由天然纤维素分子上引入强极性羧甲基钠而得到的。我们采用纸浆为原料替代棉花生产CMC,测试了其性能,并讨论了反应温度、反应时间和碱用量对粘度的影响。结果表明:此法简化了工艺,原料来源广泛,产品性能优良,成本低,能满足使用要求。     

PP/PP-g-DBM/CaCO_3复合材料的力学性能研究

以聚丙烯接枝马来酸二丁酯(PP-g-DBM)作为聚丙烯(PP)/CaCO_3复合材料的界面改性剂,研制了PP/PP-g-DBM/CaCO_3复合材料,并且讨论了PP-g-DBM对聚丙烯/CaCO_3复合材料的力学性能的影响。结果表明:当CaCO_3含量为30%时,其抗冲性能达到6 kJ/m~2,相对于原料聚丙烯提高了20%;且较大程度地改善了分散相CaCO_3在连续相聚丙烯中的分散状态。     

哈氏噬纤维菌吸附纤维素的影响因素

[目的]探索哈氏噬纤维菌(Cytophaga hutchinsonii)吸附纤维素的作用机制.[方法]通过比较不同因素对哈氏噬纤维菌吸附纤维素的影响,包括:菌龄、pH、温度、表面电荷、细胞活力、细胞表面蛋白、细胞表面多糖以及纤维素类似物等,寻找在吸附过程中起重要作用的细胞成分.[结果]菌体经蛋白酶及热处理,对纤维素的吸附能力完全丧失;叠氮化钠、甲醛和戊二醛处理对菌体吸附能力影响不明显;菌体经刚果红和高碘酸钠处理,吸附能力变化不大;菌体对纤维素底物的吸附具有特异性,吸附作用不受纤维二糖和羧甲基纤维素的抑制.[结论]实验表明,哈氏噬纤维菌吸附纤维素的能力与菌体表面蛋白密切相关,而受细胞的代谢活性和胞外多糖影响较小,推测细胞表面可能存在特异性的纤维素结合蛋白.     

水不溶酶的研究II．对氨基苯磺酰乙基纤维素-葡萄糖淀粉酶的制备

1．用甘蔗渣纤维素及对-β-硫酸酯乙砜基苯胺为原料,研究了ABSE-纤维素的制备条件,探讨了黑曲霉(Asp. Niger)粗制糖化酶共价键台到重氮化的ABsE一纤维素上的影响因子。获得ABSE-纤维素糖化酶合适的制备方法。 2．ABSE-纤维素糖化酶含3.7-6.4％蛋白量,酶活力约为10000单位／克,以淀粉为底物,与自然酶比较,相对活力为20—30％,满联时加入适量的硫酸铵能提高相对活力至43．9％。该水不溶酶最高活力是在pH4.5和65～70℃(对淀粉)。在55℃淀粉化液液中稳定性良好。 3．将ABSE-纤维素糖化酶(33912单位)装柱,在55℃,以25．4毫升／小时的流速通过pH 4．5的3l～34％的淀粉液化液进行连续糖化,218小时内得到DE值为93．9的葡萄糖液,326小时后不溶酶柱仍保持原活力的74．9％。而搅拌糖化在140小时后只保持64.8％原活力．     

产糖化酶黑曲霉固定化方法比较的研究

采用海藻酸钙凝胶电埋法、以沸石、多孔聚酯等材料为固定化载体的吸附法固定黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger AS3.4309)菌丝细胞,以游离菌丝体作为对照,进行发酵产糖化酶的比较,结果表明：以聚酯泡沫作为固定化载体吸附固定化菌丝细胞产糖化酶活力最高。在产糖化酶的发酵过程中,与游离菌丝体细胞相比,固定化黑曲霉持续产酶时间有一定程度的延长。     

用于直接固定全细胞中mRNA的快速吸印技术

溶于NaI的信使RNA(mRNA)将吸附在硝酸纤维素膜上。在低温下,核糖RNA、天然DNA和变性DNA的结合是很少的。固定的mRNA使用于分子杂交,并可被翻译成蛋白质,或反转录成DNA。     

流动注射复合酶电极法测定麦芽糖的研究

利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)包埋法共固定糖化酶和葡萄氧化酶(GOD)制成酶膜,与氧电极结合成为复合酶电极;该电极可以用于流动注射分析系统中测定溶液中麦芽糖.对酶电极的pH效应和温度效应作了研究.酶电极的线性范围为0.5-35mmol/L.响应周期小于2min.变异系数(CV)为1.8%.在半连续使用状态下,酶电极可以使用10d以上.糖化酶保持活力为60%.对延长酶电极寿命和克服共存葡萄糖的干扰的方法作了探讨.     

区域选择性改性的纤维素和壳聚糖衍生物及其血液相容性

通过对纤维素和壳聚糖的区域选择性改性,将内皮细胞表面硫酸乙酰肝素（ES—HS）分子结构中对其血液相容性有重要影响的官能团引入纤维素和壳聚糖的分子结构中,并将其通过离子键固定在部分阳离子化的纤维素膜上,以期模拟ES—HS的血液相容性。血小板吸附结果表明,6位改性的纤维素衍生物的吸附程度较高。在五种壳聚糖衍生物中,2位的NS03／NAc为6／4的衍生物表现出最低的血小板吸附。当保持壳聚糖2位的NS03／NAc值不变时,对6位进行完全磺酸酯化,也可有效减少血小板的吸附。     

Pluronic和纤维素类对杂交瘤细胞保护特性的研究

利用鼠鼠杂交增2F7细胞(分泌IgG2a单抗)研究了Pluronic F-68、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素及聚醚多元醇与杂交瘤细胞生物相容性及添加限制浓度;研究了添加浓度对葡萄糖的利用及氨的生成影响}在高速搅拌、高剪切力下考查添加剂的保护效果。结果表明,O·05—0·10％(w／V)Pluronic F-68、O．10—0．20％(w／V)甲基纤维素能较好地保护杂交瘤细胞;高浓度Pluronic F-68增加了葡萄糖的比消耗速率及氨的比生成速率;高浓度甲基纤维素增加了氨比生成速率;羧甲基纤维素添加浓度低于0．1％不影响细胞生长,也无保护作用,羧甲基纤维素不影响细胞对葡萄糖的比消耗速率,但增加了氨比生成速率,聚醚多元醇分解细胞。在1．5升GemlliGen生物反应器中,培养基添加0．10％Pluronic F-68、搅拌转速70r／min下细胞正常生长。     

Application of bacterial cellulose pellets in enzyme immobilization

Over recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of cellulose materials in bioprocessing technologies. Bacterial cellulose which is the pure cellulose has unique physical properties which differ from those of plant cellulose and has therefore attracted attention as a new functional material. The applications of bacterial cellulose rarely use the pellet type but it has potential in enzyme immobilization since pellet form is usually used in this field. In this research, Glucoamylase which is widely used in the food industry was immobilized on bacterial cellulose beads after testing using various activation procedures. The results showed that the epoxy method with glutaraldehyde coupling was the best method. After comparison of the different types of bacterial cellulose beads for glucoamylase immobilization, the wet bacterial cellulose beads of the smallest size (0.5–1.5 mm) were the best support. The immobilization of enzyme enhances its stability against changes in the pH value and temperature especially in the lower temperature region. The relative activity of the immobilized glucoamylase was still above 77% at pH 2.0 and it was the highest value in the literature. The relative activities were more than 68% in the lower temperature region even at 20 °C. Thus, bacterial cellulose beads are a practical potential support for the preparation of immobilized enzymes in industrial applications.     

Continuous conversion of starch to glucose with immobilized glucoamylase

Partially purified glucoamylase from Aspergillus awamori NRRL 3112 was immobilized on diethylaminoethyl cellulose in the presence of low ionic-strength acetate buffers at pH 4.2. The active enzyme–cellulose complex was used to convert starch substrates continuously to glucose in stirred reactors. Substrate concentrations as high as 30% could be quantitatively converted to glucose at a rate of more than 25 mg/min/liter at 55°C for periods of 3 to 4 weeks in a 4-liter reactor. Shutdowns were due to mechanical problems and not to loss of enzymes, which could be recovered with no appreciable loss of specific activity. Transfer products, such as isomaltose and panose, were present in immobilized enzyme-produced syrups but to no greater degree than in soluble glucoamylase digests of starch.     

Covalent immobilization of a glucoamylase to bagasse dialdehyde cellulose

Cellulose fibres from bagasse were oxidized by sodium periodate in sulphuric acid media at positions 2 and 3 of the anhydroglucose unit to produce dialdehyde cellulose. The aldehyde groups of the dialdehyde cellulose were able to react with amino groups of a glucoamylase to form covalent bonds and result in a dialdehyde cellulose immobilized enzyme. The optimum pH of this immobilized enzyme and free enzyme were in the range of 3.0–5.0 and 3.5–5.0, respectively. The optimum temperature for both the free and immobilized enzymes was 60–65 °C. The relative remaining activity of the immobilized enzyme was 36% and its stability was very good, since it could be reused for over 30 cycles. Its activity decreased from the first to the seventh reuse cycles, due to the slow detachment of non-covalently bound enzyme. However, activity tended to stabilize after the seventh cycle of reuse, indicating very stable covalent binding between the enzyme and dialdehyde cellulose.     

铜金属螯合载体固定糖化酶

[目的]制备出含Cu2+的琼脂糖-IDA螯合载体及对其固定糖化酶工艺条件进行优化.[方法]利用金属螯合配体(IDA-Cu2+)与蛋白质表面供电子氨基酸相互作用的原理制备载体,采用紫外分光光度法测定不同影响因素下固定化糖化酶的酶活.[结果]Cu2+的加入量和固定化过程的酸度比给酶量对固定化糖化酶的活性影响还要大,在给酶量80 mg/g载体、1.0× 10-2 mol Cu2+/g载体、pH 4.6和固定化4h的固定化条件下,固定化酶活为252.1 U/g,重复使用5次后酶活为首次固定化酶活的65.1％.[结论]该Cu2+-IDA-金属螯合琼脂糖可用于淀粉水解糖化酶的优良固定化载体材料.     

Immobilization of glucoamylase on ceramic membrane surfaces modified with a new method of treatment utilizing SPCP-CVD

Glucoamylase, as a model enzyme, was immobilized on a ceramic membrane modified by surface corona discharge induced plasma chemical process-chemical vapor deposition (SPCP-CVD). Characterizations of the immobilized enzyme were then discussed. Three kinds of ceramic membranes with different amounts of amino groups on the surface were prepared utilizing the SPCP-CVD method. Each with 1-time, 3-times and 5-times surface modification treatments and used for supports in glucoamylase immobilization. The amount of immobilized glucoamylase increased with the increase in the number of surface modification treatments and saturated to a certain maximum value estimated by a two-dimensional random packing. The operational stability of the immobilized glucoamylase also increased with the increase in the number of the surface treatment. It was almost the same as the conventional method, while the activity of immobilized enzyme was higher. The results indicated the possibility of designing the performance of the immobilized enzyme by controlling the amount of amino groups. The above results showed that the completely new surface modification method using SPCP was effective in modifying ceramic membranes for enzyme immobilization.     

固定化酶的微环境效应Ⅰ——最适pH的移动

以葡聚糖为载体,在葡聚糖上引入了不同量的羧甲基,采用CNBr法活化葡聚糖上剩余的羟基,使之与葡萄糖淀粉酶(GA)共价结合,从而观察载体羧甲基定量变化对固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶pH——活性曲线的影响。分别使用了两种不同孔度的葡聚糖(SephadxG100、G200)作为载体,首次发现在载体带有离子基因的情况下,载体的孔度变化对固定化酶的pH——活性曲线影响极大,甚至可以完全消除载体静电荷对此带来的影响。这些结果表明:固定化酶的微环境不仅与载体的静电势有关,也与载体分子空间结构的疏密程度有关。本文对固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶(IGA)的热稳定性也作了评价。     

Immobilization of enzymes on crosslinked gelatin particles activated with various forms and complexes of titanium(IV) species

A number of methods of activating the surface of glutaraldehyde crosslinked gelatin beads with titanium(IV) compounds, for subsequent enzyme coupling, have been investigated. Glucoamylase (exo-1,4-α-d-glucosidase, EC 3.2.1.3) was so immobilized using titanium(IV)-urea, -acrylamide, -citric acid and -lactose complexes; however, immobilized enzyme preparations with low activities were obtained (0.36–1.28 U g^?1). Activation with uncomplexed titanium(IV) chloride, however, of both moist and freeze-dried crosslinked gelatin particles resulted in highly active immobilized glucoamylase preparations (1.74–26.6 U g^?1). Dual immobilized enzyme conjugates of glucoamylase and invertase (β-d-fructofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.26) were also prepared using this method. Invertase was served on the entrapped enzyme while glucoamylase was coupled on the surface of titanium(IV)-activated gelatin pre-entrapped invertase particles. A dual gelatin coupled glucoamylase/gelatin entrapped glucoamylase was prepared (3.8 U g^?1) and ～72.5% of the total combined activity was due to the surface bound enzyme.     

An investigation of the properties of glucoamylase immobilized on glass beads involving 5-diazosalicylic acid bonded to a titanium (IV) oxide film

Optimum conditions have been determined for the immobilization of glucoamylase on glass involving diazotized 5-aminosalicylic acid bonded to a deposited imperfectly crystallized film of TiO₂. The changes in the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of the enzyme on immobilization have been determined. There are significant differences in the behaviour of the immobilized enzyme towards its substrates, maltose and starch. The apparent K_m for starch increased on immobilization whereas that for maltose decreased. The pH optimum for the immobilized preparation showed a shift to acid pH relative to that of the free enzyme.     

Properties of enzymes immobilized by the diazotized m-diaminobenzene method.

Some properties of a number of enzymes immobilized by the diazotized m-diaminobenzene (dDAB) method are described. The pH-activity profiles of beta-D-glucosidase, glucoamylase, peroxidase, uricase, and D-glucose oxidase were virtually unchanged on immobilization while those of catalase and dextranase were significantly altered. beta-D-Glucosidase, glucoamylase, and glucose oxidase were found to be more susceptible to denaturation on lyophilization when immobilized than in the native state; however, sorbitol had a marked protective effect in every case examined. Sorbitol was also found to exert a stabilizing effect when lyophilized immobilized preparations were stored. Immobilization marginally improved the stabilities of a number of enzymes to heating at 60 degrees at pH 8.0. The usefulness for continuous reaction of a column of glucoamylase attached to celite was established. The reuse of the solid supports was demonstrated.