木屑固定除油菌处理含油废水的研究

利用木屑作为载体的固定化微生物QK-1对含油废水进行处理,原油去除率大大高于单纯投加菌液或菌液和木屑的混合物。原油浓度为10.0~30.0g·L^-1时,固定化除油菌QK-1的原油去除率为75.5~94.3%,最佳投加量为干重15.0g·L^-1。研究表明,除油菌的固定化培养基对其原油去除率起了决定性的影响,其中碳源和氮源对其影响较大,pH则不太明显。固定化培养基的优化方案为:蔗糖10.0g·L^-1,牛肉膏6.0g·L^-1,酵母粉1.5g·L^-1,pH8.0。     

几种混凝剂用于处理制浆造纸综合废水的性能试验

利用烧杯混凝试验,通过改变pH值、药剂投加量等方法开展了一系列混凝试验,比较了一种新型聚合混凝剂硫酸铝聚合氯化铝对以木浆为主的制浆造纸厂的综合废水的处理效果.结果表明,在最佳pH值和投药量条件下,新型聚合混凝剂的处理效果最好.当pH为8.29,药剂投加量为175mg·L^-1时,即使不投加CPAM,处理后的废水COD_Cr去除率为87.4%,浊度去除率为96.4%,色度去除率为89.5%;出水COD_Cr和色度分别为90mg·L^-1左右和约32倍,均达到了广东省《水污染物排放限值》(DB4426-2001)第二时段的一级标准.     

解脂假丝酵母(Candida lipolytica)对铜的吸附

研究了解脂假丝酵母的表面特性及培养时间、pH值、铜浓度、菌体投加量、吸附时间等因素对铜吸附的影响,并探讨了吸附动力学特征。结果表明,菌体表面可能有-OH和-PO₄^3-,培养96 h的菌体吸附性能最佳,适宜pH为4.0-6.0,适宜菌体投加量为25.0g·L^-1(湿重)。在初始浓度为20mg·L^-1的铜溶液中投加25.0g·L^-1(湿重)的菌体,吸附2h,铜的去除率最高达86.5%。铜浓度为5,10mg·L^-1时,铜的去除率高达95%以上。动力学分析表明,在实验设定的浓度范围内解脂假丝酵母对铜的吸附基本符合Freundlich吸附模型。红外光谱分析表明吸附后-OH吸收峰蓝移18cm^-1,其它吸收峰没有明显的变化。     

新型固定化硝化细菌和好氧反硝化细菌处理氨氮废水

以改性沸石、聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠作为固定化载体材料,硼酸和氯化钙作为交联剂,采用吸附-包埋-交联法将硝化细菌和好氧反硝化细菌复合固定化制备成微生物小球.通过复合菌配比实验,考察其对氨氮的去除率以及亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的累积量;对制成的固定化小球做四因素三水平的正交实验,考察不同条件下对氨氮的去除率.结果表明,硝化细菌和好氧反硝化细菌配比为3:2时,氨氮去除率最高达82.32%,亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的累积量为0.032mg·L^-1和0.053 mg·L^-1;通过正交实验,确定沸石投加量为2g·100mL^-1、温度为30℃、pH值为7.5、振荡速度为130r·min^-1时,对氨氮达到最好的去除效果,去除率达90.31%,此法制得的小球机械性能和吸水性能良好.     

高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌TJ-3的絮凝特性分析

从活性污泥中分离筛选出一株高效絮凝剂产生菌TJ-3, 经生理生化试验检测其属于革兰氏阴性菌, 短杆状, 16S rDNA测序鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌。生长曲线表明, TJ-3的生长稳定期较长, 所产微生物絮凝剂(MBF)的稳定性良好。TJ-3产MBF对高岭土悬液具有良好的絮凝效果, 最佳条件下的絮凝率为98.2%。絮凝活性分布实验结果表明, TJ-3所产MBF的活性物质大部分存在于离心后的沉淀物中。处理100 mL高岭土悬液, pH值8.5、1%(质量分数)CaCl2溶液投加量3.5 mL、菌液投加量1.5 mL时, 絮凝效果最佳。     

石油焦基高比表面积活性炭对废水中CODCr的吸附能力

探讨了高比表面积活性炭(HSAAC)吸附水中COD_Cr时,活性炭用量、pH值和吸附时间等因素对COD_Cr吸附量和去除率的影响。实验结果表明,HSAAC用量越大,去除COD_Cr效果越好。当HSAAC用量为2.0g·L^-1,pH=3时,去除率达到78%以上;在酸性条件下HSAAC对COD_Cr的去除效果较好;HSAAC对废水中COD_Cr的吸附发生在前30min;COD_Cr浓度低于60mg·L^-1时,处理后COD_Cr的残余质量浓度低于地表水环境质量Ⅰ类标准(15mg·L^-1)。用碱再生HSAAC,一次再生率达94.22%,二次再生率达到了86.90%。说明高比表面积活性炭在适宜条件下对COD_Cr具有较好的吸附性能和良好的再生效果。     

环保型复合絮凝剂的制备与应用

以天然生物制品壳聚糖(CTS)、硫酸铁(Fe_2(SO_4)_3)以及聚合氯化铝(PAC)为主要原料制备了4种环保型絮凝剂,并对武汉生物工程学院生活污水进行絮凝处理。以污水COD、浊度为主要指标,研究了复合絮凝剂配方、絮凝剂用量、水体pH变化等对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明:CTS/PAC复合,体积配比1:5.0,用量8 mL/L,水体pH 7.2时,水体COD去除率78.5%,浊度去除率98.4%,絮凝效果最佳,且药剂的投加量最少。     

黑曲霉生产β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵条件的研究产

经多项式回归分析,研究了不同浓度N源、C源、无机盐等对酶产量的影响,确定出最佳培养基配方为:麸皮4.9%,(NH₄)_2>SO₄0.4%,KH₂PO₄0.29%,CaCl₂0.05%,MgSO₄·7H₂O0.04%,FeSO₄·7H₂O 5mg·L^-1,ZnCl₂1.4mg·L^-1,0.2%油酸钠。并对培养温度、时间、培养基初始pH、通气量、接种量、接种方式等培养条件进行优化,使黑曲霉生产β葡萄糖苷酶的产量由17U·ml^-1增至21.3U·ml^-1.     

UASBF反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

研究了上流式厌氧复合床反应器(UASBF)处理垃圾渗滤液的启动期、负荷提高期、运行期的处理效果及COD_Cr负荷、pH、碱度对反应器运行的影响.结果表明,启动期最佳启动温度在35±1℃,进水pH6.8,COD_Cr浓度1000～1200 mg·L^-1,水力停留时间(HRT)48h,容积负荷为0.5kgCOD_Cr·m^-3·d^-1.提高期和运行期容积负荷为10kg COD_Cr·m^-3·d^-1,COD_Cr去除率为71.5%,氨氮去除率为57.5%,总磷去除率为64.8%,悬浮物达到去除率为55%.     

黄孢原毛平革菌BKMF-1767产絮凝剂PCF-1767的絮凝特性及其机理解析

【背景】传统絮凝剂的使用会带来安全和环境污染方面的问题,而微生物絮凝剂具有无毒、无二次污染、易生物降解的优点,因此寻找高效廉价的微生物絮凝剂具有重要意义。【目的】研究黄孢原毛平革菌BKMF-1767产生的胞外多糖絮凝剂的絮凝特性及机理。【方法】使用高岭土进行PCF-1767的絮凝活性测定,分析絮凝剂获取时间、Ca2+浓度、投加量、pH、温度对絮凝效率的影响,并测定PCF-1767的热稳定性。测定絮凝剂的单糖组成、糖苷键连接类型、多糖分子量、Zeta电位变化、对絮体形态观察,探讨了PCF-1767的絮凝机理。【结果】培养6–12 d获得的PCF-1767的絮凝活性良好;7 d絮凝剂要获得较好的絮凝效率至少需加入2 mmol/L Ca2+作为助凝剂,最佳投加浓度为0.75–1.35 mg/L,最适pH为3.0-9.0,对温度高于50°C的废水絮凝活性逐渐降低,经过沸水浴处理3 h后的絮凝活性几乎不变。PCF-1767中多糖的一级结构主要由葡萄糖以→4)Glup(1→的方式连接,多糖分子量随培养时间的延长而增大,变化范围为9.897×105–2.126×106 Da。结合Zeta电位变化与絮体显微图像分析表明其絮凝机理主要为吸附架桥和卷扫作用,而非电荷中和作用。【结论】PCF-1767具有很高絮凝活性,其用量低、适用条件广、热稳定性高,是一种非常具有应用前景的絮凝剂。     

Characterization of bioflocculants from biologically aerated filter backwashed sludge and its application in dying wastewater treatment

In this study, the feasibility of bioflocculant extraction from backwashing sludge to reduce its production costs was investigated. Results showed that ultrasound and base treatment could significantly enhance bioflocculant extraction efficiency, however, flocculating activity was affected. It was observed that bioflocculants extracted from sludge of pH 11.0 had no flocculating activity. In contrast, bioflocculants extracted from sludge of pH 5.0, named as M-1, had good flocculating activity. To further study the flocculating activity of M-1, factors such as bioflocculant dosage, temperature and pH of the reaction solution were tested. The optimal conditions were 6.0 mg/l bioflocculant dosage and pH 5.0, at a temperature of 10 °C. Under these conditions, the flocculating rate of kaolin clay was 92.67%. The effectiveness of such bioflocculants in the decolorization of synthetically dyed wastewater was then examined. In flocculating methylene blue and fast blue in aqueous solutions, decolorization efficiency levels were 82.9% and 77.8%, respectively.     

Study on the flocculability of the Arthrobacter sp., an actinomycete resuscitated from the VBNC state

A bioflocculant with high flocculating activity, LC13-SF, produced by strain LC13^T which was in a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and which was woken up by Rpf (resuscitation promoting factor), was systematically investigated with regard to its fermentation conditions and flocculating activity. The key parameters influencing the bioflocculant LC13-SF were investigated through measuring the optical density at 660 (OD₆₆₀) of the fermentation liquid and the optical density at 550 (OD₅₅₀) of the centrifugal supernatant. The flocculating efficiency and the Zeta potentials were chosen as the response variables for the study of the flocculating activity. The results showed that the optimal conditions for bioflocculant LC13-SF production were a fermentation time of 72 h, an initial pH of 7.0, a fermentation temperature of 30°C and a shaking speed of 150 r/min. The optimized flocculating process was as follows: a final volume percentage of bioflocculant LC13-SF and 0.5% (w/w) CaCl₂ were 1.5 and 5%, respectively in a 4 g/L Kaolin suspension, and the system pH was adjusted to 8.0. Under these conditions, the flocculating efficiency and the absolute value of the Zeta potential reached 94.83% and 4.37, respectively.     

生物絮凝剂絮凝活性评价方法的探讨

对生物絮凝剂絮凝活性的评价方法进行了探讨。研究发现,在固定絮凝剂添加量的情况下仅仅比较絮凝率大小,从而对絮凝活性进行评价的方法是不科学的。絮凝剂絮凝活性应以絮凝率和絮凝剂最适添加量两个指标为其活性评价参数,在有较高絮凝率的情况下,絮凝剂添加量越少则絮凝活性越高。     

Production and characterization of a bioflocculant by Proteus mirabilis TJ-1

A bioflocculant TJ-F1 with high flocculating activity, produced by strain TJ-1 from a mixed activated sludge, was investigated with regard to its production and characterization. By 16S rDNA sequence and biochemical and physiological characteristics, strain TJ-1 was identified as Proteus mirabilis. The most preferred carbon source, nitrogen source and C/N ratio (w/w) for strain TJ-1 to produce the bioflocculant were found to be glucose, peptone and 10, respectively. TJ-F1 production could be greatly stimulated by cations Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Fe(3+). The optimal conditions for TJ-F1 production were inoculum size 2 per thousand (v/v), initial pH 7.0, culture temperature 25 degrees C, and shaking speed 130r/min, under which the flocculating activity of the bioflocculant reached 93.13%. About 1.33 g of the purified bioflocculant, whose molecular weight (MW) was 1.2 x 10(5) Da, could be recovered from 1.0 l of fermentation broth. Chemical analysis of bioflocculant TJ-F1 indicated that it contained protein (30.9%, w/w) and acid polysaccharide (63.1%, w/w), including neutral sugar, glucuronic acid and amino sugar as the principal constituents in the relative weight proportions of 8.2:5.3:1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the purified solid-state TJ-F1 showed that it had a crystal-linear structure. Spectroscopic analysis of the bioflocculant by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups preferred for the flocculation process.     

Bioflocculant production by Bacillus sp. Gilbert isolated from a marine environment in South Africa

In our previous study we reported on the bioflocculant production by a Bacillus species isolated from sediment samples of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. In the current study we carried out further evaluation on the effect of different culture conditions on the bioflocculant production, as well as characterised the bioflocculant produced in detail. The bacteria produced bioflocculant optimally under the following conditions: using sodium carbonate (95.2% flocculating activity) and potassium nitrate (76.6% flocculating activity) as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively; inoculum size of 3% (v/v); initial pH 9.0; and Al³⁺ as coagulant aid. The crude bioflocculant retained 44.2% residual flocculating activity after heating at 100°C for 15 min. Chemical analysis of the Bacillus sp. Gilbert purified bioflocculant demonstrated that it was composed mainly of polysaccharide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and methylene groups in the bioflocculant and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis detected the elemental composition in mass proportion (% w/w) of C, N, O, S and P as 4.12:7.40:39.92:3.00:13.91. Scanning electron micrograph image of the bioflocculant revealed an amorphous compound.     

微生物絮凝剂连续化生产及其稳定性研究

利用多孔聚酯泡沫为载体,进行微生物絮凝剂产生菌的固定化及连续生产絮凝剂的研究。研究发现,利用多孔聚酯泡沫可吸附固定XN1菌丝细胞,且能较长时间保持高的活性。固定化XN1菌在三相流化床反应器中连续发酵运行13d无发现菌膜脱落现象,且发酵液絮凝活性均维持在90%以上,说明利用多孔聚酯泡沫颗粒作为固定化载体,连续生产絮凝剂的方法是可行的。另外,研究还发现,该菌所产生絮凝剂具有较高的热稳定性,在反应器中室温下保存数日仍可维持较高的絮凝活性。     

微生物絮凝剂的研制——菌种选育、絮凝效果及提取工艺

从土壤、河泥、活性污泥中分离出 75 2株细菌 ,以发酵液对高岭土悬浮液絮凝效果中国石油化工股份有限公司科学技术研究开发资金资助项目 (No . 990 0 1 8)收稿日期 :2 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 ,修改日期 :2 0 0 0 1 2 3 0为指标 ,筛选出 1株絮凝剂产生高效菌。该菌在实验室培养条件下 ,以 0 2mL/3 0mL接种量 ,5h种龄的种子液接种 ,2 5℃、pH7摇床培养 3d可达最高絮凝活性。最佳培养基配方为 :葡萄糖 2 0g ,尿素 0 3g ,酵母膏 0 6g ,Na     

Production and characterization of an intracellular bioflocculant by Chryseobacterium daeguense W6 cultured in low nutrition medium

A novel intracellular bioflocculant (named MBF-W6) produced by Chryseobacterium daeguense W6 cultured in low nutrition medium was investigated in this study. The effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, C/N ratio, initial pH, inoculum size, culture temperature and shaking speed on MBF-W6 production were studied. Chemical analysis showed that the purified MBF-W6 was mainly composed of 32.4% protein, 13.1% polysaccharide and 6.8% nucleic acid. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and methoxyl groups. The elemental analysis of purified MBF-W6 revealed that the mass proportion of C, H, O, N and S was 40.92:6.53:44.01:8.53:1.01 (w/w) correspondingly. MBF-W6 had good flocculating rate in Kaolin suspension without any cation addition. The highest flocculating rate of 96.9% was achieved under the optimal conditions (bioflocculant dosage 1.2 mg l⁻¹, pH 5.6 and temperature 15 °C).     

Production of an exopolysaccharide bioflocculant by Sorangium cellulosum

AIMS: To isolate a new exopolysaccharide bioflocculant produced by the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum NUST06, and to characterize its chemical composition and expolysaccharide production relative to carbon source. METHODS AND RESULTS: Exopolysaccharide levels and biomass production by S. cellulosum NUST06 were analysed relative to carbon source. Glucose in the medium at a level of 3 g l(-1) completely inhibited cell growth and exopolysaccharide production, but low concentrations of glucose (1-2 g l(-1)) could stimulate cell utilization of starch. The chemical composition and flocculating activity of the NUST06 exopolysaccharide was investigated. The flocculant comprised 38.3% proteins and 58.5% carbohydrates, of which glucose, mannose and glucuronic acid were present at 51.3%, 39.2% and 10.5%, respectively. The flocculating activity of the NUST06 flocculant depended strongly on cations. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to produce an exopolysaccharide bioflocculant by the strain NUST06 in a mineral salts medium using starch as a carbon source. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This strain may be advantageous for commercial bioflocculant production and may enrich existing knowledge of myxobacteria.     

Production and characteristics of a bioflocculant produced by Bacillus sp. F19

A bioflocculant-producing bacterium isolated from soil was identified as Bacillus sp. and the bioflocculant produced was named MBFF19. Effects of physico-chemical conditions including pH, carbon sources and nitrogen sources on MBFF19 production were studied. Chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant MBFF19 indicated that it was a sugar-protein derivative, composed of neutral sugar (3.6%, w/w), uronic acid (37.0%, w/w), amino sugars (0.5%, w/w) and protein (16.4%, w/w). The two neutral sugar components were mannose and glucose and the molar ratio was 1.2:1. Infrared spectrophotometry analysis revealed that MBFF19 contained carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl groups in its structural. Flocculating properties of bioflocculant MBFF19 was examined using kaolin, activated carbon and fly coal suspension. Cation supplement had no positive effects on the flocculating activity whereas the presence of Fe3+ inhibited flocculation. Influences of pH and bioflocculant dosage on the flocculation were also examined.