紫云英根瘤菌109菌株氢酶诱导表达

根瘤菌自生培养物的吸收分子氢系统,不但可以在自养或异养的固体培养基上表达,而且也可以在异养的液相培养基中表达。其表达受碳水化合物、氧和分子氢浓度诸环境因子调节。诱导氢酶须用指数后期的培养物进行;所有试验过的可利用的碳水化合物均可阻抑氢酶表达;而20m mol/L的KNO_3和NH_4Cl对氢酶表达也有阻抑作用。正交组合试验指出紫云英根瘤菌的高吸氢活性是在40％N_2,14％H_2,4％O_2以及4.2％CO_2的气相条件下表达。Ar取代H_2后,无吸氢活性;氢酶表达后,移去H_2,则表达停止。氧浓度稍高阻抑氢酶表达;氯霉素的阻抑表达效应与氧阻抑类似。     

环境因子对根瘤菌吸氢活性表达的影响

自生条件下,测定准噶尔盆地南部的68株根瘤菌吸氢活力,获得一株Hup~+的冬箭筈豌豆根瘤菌C_(48)。经与紫云英根瘤菌株109及89比较,两者氢酶表达的最适pH相同;温度分别以20或30℃为宜;Ni~(2+)显著促进吸氢表达,但C_(48)还受Co~(2+ )、Mg~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的促进;紫云英根瘤菌的氨酶表达受碳水化合物抑制较冬箭筈豌豆根瘤菌明显。此外,自生条件下生长的Hup—菌株,经与宿主共生后,Hup~+的百分率大为增加。     

浑球红假单胞菌及其谷氨酸合成酶突变株氢酶活性和合成

浑球红假单胞菌野生型菌株的氢酶表达被有机碳、氮底物所抑制。在光照和黑暗时,氧浓度变化对氢酶的作用不同,但高氧浓度都阻遏氢酶的表达。微量Ni~(2+)能专一性地促进氢酶活性,固氮酶的产氢也可以调节氢酶的表达水平。该野生菌株的GOGAT突变株缺乏固氮酶和氢酶活性,在加入谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂MSX后,固氮酶和氢酶以相关联的方式合成出来,固氮酶产生的氢看来诱导了氢酶的合成。然而在固氮酶不表达的情况下,外源氢也可诱导氢酶的合成。     

旋扭山绿豆根瘤菌MXDI6菌株氢酶诱导表达

在自生异养条件下,旋扭山绿豆根瘤菌ＭＸＤＩ６菌株的氢酶诱导表达受气相、ｐＨ值、镍等因子影响：氢酶表达的最适氧浓度为４％,最适氢浓度为１５％,二氧化碳没有明显影响;氢酶表达的ｐＨ值以５．０—６．０为宜;０．５μｍｏｌ／ＬＮｉＣｌ２明显促进吸氢活性,但镍浓度大于１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ则抑制吸氢活性．     

自生条件下根瘤菌固氮酶活性的表达

在自生条件下,测定从四种热带豆科植物中分离得到的七株根瘤菌乙炔还原能力,获得四株根瘤具有固氮活性。南洋楹菌株8638L、8638M、8638S和四棱豆菌株pS,其中菌株8638L和pS表现较高的固氮活性。结果表明,在培养基中含有低浓度氮源(谷氨酰胺)、两种碳水化合物(阿拉伯糖和琥珀酸钠)及低浓度的氧,是根瘤菌表达较高固氮酶活性所必需的。菌株8638L和pS固氮酶表达最适氧浓度为1％,谷氨酰胺浓度分别为2mMol/L     

紫云英根瘤菌及巴西固氮螺菌的氢酶表达特征

紫云英根瘤菌氢酶表达依赖于H_2并受碳底物和高O_2浓度的阻遏及cAMP的显著促进。整体细胞的吸氢活性对O_2不敏感,受碘乙酸(50mmol L~(-1))的强烈抑制。少数氧化还原电位为正值的人工电子受体可支持吸氢活性。与紫云英根瘤菌不同,巴西固氮螺菌氢酶表达并不依赖于H_2,受碳底物阻遏及cAMP促进的效应均不显著,而对O_2敏感。整体细胞吸氢活性受碘乙酸的抑制作用不明显。无论正、负值氧化还原电位人工电子受体均可支持吸氢活性。在经饥饿的静止细胞中,H_2可支持固氮活性并增强固氮酶对O_2的耐受能力。     

含花生根瘤菌吸氢基因重组质粒pZ—55的特性分析

应用含豌豆根瘤菌部分吸氢基因的探讨及ＰＣＲ分析,从花生根瘤菌基因文库中筛选到含有吸氢基因的重组质粒ｐＺ－５５。用ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ和ＫｐｎⅠ等内切酶对ｐＺ－５５进行酶切分析,构建了ｐＺ－５５的酶切物理图谱。经三亲本杂交分析,ｐＺ－５５能互补诱变株Ｌｎ－１（Ｈｕｐ＾－）,获得在自生条件下表达吸氢活性。     

紫云英根瘤菌的吸氢与固氮的关系

用气相色谱和2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)还原测定,从8株紫云英、2株大豆,1株豇豆根瘤菌中检出二株在自生条件下具吸氢能力的紫云英根瘤菌菌株。观察到氢是诱导氢酶形成的必需条件。增加培养基中的碳底物浓度,菌株的吸氢活性受到抑制。乙炔和一氧化碳对吸氢活性具有不同程度的抑制作用。 从吸氢与不吸氢菌株的回接对比试验,似乎没有看到吸氢的菌株对寄主干物质积累有明显的影响。并发现自生条件下不吸氢的菌株所形成的根瘤具有吸氢的能力。     

光合细菌产氢因子的研究进展

光合细菌在固氮的同时释放氢气。产氢与固氮是同步进行的。固氮酶与氢酶共同影响光合细菌的产氢活性,而外源生理条件又影响着固氮酶与氢酶的活性,其中有机碳阻抑吸氢酶表达,促进产氢;氨则抑制固氮活性而降低产氢量;氧气的存在使固氮酶与氢酶都失活,从而抑制放氢反应的进行。     

保护固氮酶免受氧破坏的蛋白——Fe-S蛋白Ⅱ

固氧酶对氧极其敏感。特别是分离纯化后的固氮酶两组分——MoFe蛋白和Fe蛋白对氧的敏感性更加明显。被氧钝化后的固氮酶部分地或全部地失去固氮活性。但是,在自然界里存在于好气性自生固氮菌、光合固氮的藻类及豆科植物根瘤中的固氮酶却能在有氧的环境下     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.