49例肝硬化患者营养不良的相关因素分析

目的：探讨肝硬化患者营养不良的相关因素。方法：已确诊49例肝硬化住院患者空腹测血常规、血生化、肝纤维化、血凝分析、微量元素测定、尿常规,及人体测量学指标：身高、体重（weight）、上臂围（Mid-upperarmcir cumference,AC）、上臂肌围（Mid-upper arm muscle circumference,AMC）、肱三头肌皮褶厚度（Triceps skin fold thickness,TSF）、髂骨上皮褶厚度（Ilium skin fold thickness,ISF）、腓肠肌围（（Gastrocnemius muscle circumference,GC）,计算体重指数（Body mass index,BMI）、Pignete指数、比胸围（Ratio of Chest circumference and body Height,C/H）、Rohrer指数、Vervaeck指数等指标110项,采用主观全面营养评价法（Subjective global assessment,SGA）进行营养评估。结果：计量资料应用t检验、计数资料应用X2检验进行单因素分析,筛选出与肝硬化营养不良有关的因素26项,纳入Logistic回归向前逐步选择法（似然比）行多因素分析,GC、AC、ISF、阴离子间隙（AG）4项指标的降低与肝硬化患者营养不良的发生有关系。结论：在采用SGA法评估肝硬化患者营养状况时,应注意GC、AC、ISF及AG的变化。     

慢性心力衰竭患者营养状况的评估

目的:了解慢性心力衰竭患者的营养状况,并对常用的营养检测指标进行评估。方法:对48例心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级(NYHA分级)的慢性心力衰竭患者进行了营养状况的评估,并进行分组(营养正常组28例,营养不良组20例),同时对营养不良的常用检测指标进行评价。结果:本研究营养不良的发生率为41.7%,除运铁蛋白外,体重、中上臂肌围、三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、白蛋白、总淋巴细胞计数(TLC)、肌酐/身高指数在两组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05~0.001)。结论:严重慢性心力衰竭患者营养不良的发生率高,肌酐/身高指数、中上臂肌围、TSF、白蛋白及TLC五项指标在用于慢性心衰患者的营养评估时具重要的参考意义,其敏感性和特异性均大于50%。     

四种营养评价法对肝硬化患者营养不良评价的一致性探讨

目的:探讨主观全面营养评价法(subjective global assessment,SGA)、简易营养评价法(mini-nutritional assessment,MNA)、简易营养评价精法(short form mini-nutrition assessment,MNA-SF)及欧洲NRS2002(Nutritional risk screening)营养风险筛检法四种营养评估法对肝硬化患者营养不良评价的一致性。方法:采用SGA、MNA、MNA-SF、NRS2002四种营养评估法对本院收治的肝硬化患者49例进行营养评估,应用诊断一致性检验评价四种营养评估法之间的一致性。结果:四种方法评估肝硬化营养不良发生率分别为:SGA法为32.7%,MNA法为67.3%,MNA-SF法为51.0%,NRS2002法为40.8%;四种营养评估法吻合程度从强到弱依次为:MNA法与MNA-SF法,k=0.671;SGA法与MNA-SF法,k=0.554;MNA-SF法与NRS2002法,k=0.553;MNA法与NRS2002,k=0.501;SGA法与NRS2002法,k=0.477;SGA法与MNA法,k=0.381...     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者营养状况及血清甲状腺素和瘦素表达变化及其相关性分析

目的:探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的营养状况以及血清甲状腺素、瘦素水平变化,并分析其相关性。方法:选择我院2015年6月至2017年12月收治的64例老年COPD患者作为研究对象,按照营养状态分为营养不良组(34例)和非营养不良组(30例)两组,并选择同期来院检查的32例健康人作为对照组,比较三组患者的营养状况以及血清甲状腺素、瘦素水平,并分析血清瘦素水平与营养状况以及血清甲状腺素的相关性。结果:营养不良组患者的体重、体质量(BMI)、血清清蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、肩胛下皮褶厚度(SSF)、三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、上臂周径(MAC)、上臂肌围长(MAMC)、理想体质量百分比(IBW%)营养状态指标以及血清瘦素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)水平明显低于对照组和非营养不良组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),而非营养不良组和对照组两组患者的各项营养状态指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。老年COPD患者血清瘦素与BMI、TSF、MAC、IBW%营养指标以及血清TSH水平呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:营养不良的老年COPD患者的血清瘦素以及甲状腺素水平明显降低,瘦素与COPD患者相关营养状态指标以及TSH呈正相关,与甲状腺素通过下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴,共同参与机体能量代谢、体质量以及饮食的调节。     

饮食干预联合左卡尼汀治疗维持性血液透析营养不良的疗效观察

目的:研究饮食干预联合左卡尼汀治疗维持性血液透析营养不良的疗效。方法:选取我院2012年1月到2014年1月收治的90例维持性血液透析营养不良患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组45例,对照组进行常规的血液透析治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上行饮食干预联合左卡尼汀的治疗,观察并对比两组患者治疗前后的疗效。结果:观察组患者治疗后体重指数(BMI)和体重增幅显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);观察组患者治疗后总蛋白(TP)、前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(Alb)显著高于对照组,血肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);观察组患者治疗后SGA评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:饮食干预联合左卡尼汀利于改善维持性血液透析营养不良患者的营养不良的症状,效果显著,值得临床推广。     

50例食管癌住院患者营养状况评价及影响因素分析

目的：了解食管癌住院患者营养状况及其影响因素,为改善其营养状况提供临床依据。方法：收集2015年3—5月期间新桥医院胸外科食管癌住院患者共50例,患者入院后2d内对其进行连续3d 24h膳食回顾调查、SGA评价、人体测量和实验室检查等。结果：参照中国居民膳食营养素推荐摄入量（DRIS）,被调查患者能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、VA当量、VE、VC、VB1、VB2、VB3、Ca、Fe、Zn、Se等营养素的摄入量严重不足;SGA 分级营养良好A级13例（26%）,轻、中度营养不良B级27例（54%）,重度营养不良C级10例（20%）;不同营养状况分级患者与血清前白蛋白、白蛋白、BMI相关性较好（P＜005）,与皮褶厚度、上臂围、总蛋白、淋巴细胞计数等相关性较差,差异无统计学意义（P>005）。结论：食管癌住院患者营养不良的发生率为74%,亟需进行营养干预,同时,SGA可作为一种相对简便行之有效的评价工具用于临床评价肿瘤患者营养状况和预后。     

调理脾胃法治疗维持性血透患者营养不良的报告

目的:探讨调理脾胃法治疗维持性血透患者营养不良的效果.方法:40例维持性血透患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组在对症处理相同、血透相关因素一致条件下进行维持血透治疗,治疗组同时根据辨证分型服用调理脾胃中药,疗程3个月.结果:与本组治疗前相比较,治疗后的各项生化指标明显提高(P<0.01),蛋白分解率也较治疗前提高(P<0.05),SGA分级好转(P<0.01),临床常见症状体征积分随治疗时间延长呈下降趋势(P(0.05);治疗组与对照组治疗后的各项生化指标、蛋白分解率、SGA分级及临床常见症状体征积分等差异均具有显著性(P<0.05).结论:中药调理脾胃法可以改善维持性血透患者营养不良状况.     

终末期肾脏病患者行维持性血液透析的营养状况及影响因素分析

目的:探究并分析终末期肾脏病患者行维持性血液透析的营养状况及影响因素。方法:选取2010年1月-2014年1月在我院接受维持性血液透析治疗的82例终末期肾脏病患者,根据改良的定量主观整体评估表(MQSGA)评分将患者分为营养不良组(10分)以及营养正常组,比较两组患者年龄、性别、透析时间、身体质量指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素氮(BUN)、甘油三酯(TG)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白蛋白(Alb)、尿素清除指数(Kt/v)指标差异,分析血液透析患者发生营养不良的独立危险因素。结果:营养正常组患者年龄、透析时间、BUN、hs-CRP及Kt/v1.2的比例均显著低于营养不良组,Hb、BMI、Alb以及Kt/v≥1.2的比例均显著高于营养不良组,差异均具有统计学意义(P均0.05);多因素分析显示,年龄70岁、透析时间25个月、Kt/v1.2均是导致血液透析患者发生营养不良的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。结论:终末期肾脏病患者的年龄、透析充分性以及透析时间长短均是导致维持性血液透析并发营养不良的独立危险因素。     

不同时机的营养护理干预在妇科肿瘤围术期患者中的应用

目的：探讨不同时机的营养护理干预在妇科肿瘤围术期患者中的临床应用分析。方法：选取辽院2014年1月—2016年1月期间收治的90例妇科肿瘤患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行对症手术治疗。将之按照营养干预时间不同分为观察组（n＝45）和对照组（n=45）,其中对照组常规术前禁食禁水,术后6h进食的方式进行营养支持,观察组患者则于术前4d予以患者营养物质支持。分别对两组患者入院时、入院7d后和入院14d后的营养状况主观评价（SGA）得分和客观营养状况指标（包括总白蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白）进行合理评估,同时比较两组患者的手术相关指标和随访6个月的生活质量（SF-36）。结果：入院时,两组患者的SGA量表和客观营养状况指标比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,入院7d时和14d时,两组患者的营养正常、轻度营养不良、中度营养不良等SGA量表指标和客观营养指标明显优于入院时,其中以观察组入院14d时的SGA量表和客观营养状况指标最优,差异显著（P＜0.05）;经比较,观察组患者的肠蠕动恢复时间、排气时间及体重差等相关指标明显优于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;另外,对两组患者随访6个月发现,观察组患者的短期生活质量评分明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：早期营养护理干预在妇科肿瘤围术期患者中发挥了重要的作用,其不仅可以有效改善患者的营养状态,且在一定程度上提高了患者的生活质量,值得推广。     

超声多参数在预测妊娠期糖尿病巨大儿分娩方式中的临床价值

摘要 目的：探究超声多参数在预测妊娠期糖尿病巨大儿分娩方式中的应用价值。方法：选择2016年2月至2020年9月于中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九○一医院（我院）分娩的156例妊娠期糖尿病产妇为研究对象,回顾性分析其一般临床指标及多普勒超声检测参数,按照新生儿是否为巨大儿区分为巨大儿组（52例）和非巨大儿组（104例）,对比两组胎儿超声参数差异,评估胎儿双顶径（biparietal diameter,BPD）、头围（head circumference,HC）、腹围（abdominal circumference,AC）及股骨长度（femur length,FL）与新生儿体重的相关性,纳入年龄、宫高、孕妇腹围、孕妇体重、BPD、HC、AC、FL等指标评估巨大儿单因素影响因素,最后多因素Logistic回归分析探究巨大儿独立危险因素。结果：（1）比较显示巨大儿组胎儿BPD、HC、AC和HL均大于非巨大儿组（P<0.05）;（2）Spearman相关性分析显示BPD、HC、AC和HL均与新生儿体重呈正相关（P<0.05）;（3）分析显示产妇宫高、产妇腹围、孕期增重、BPD、HC、AC和HL均为巨大儿单因素影响因素（P<0.05）;（4）Logistic多因素回归分析显示孕妇宫高、BPD、HC、AC为巨大儿独立危险因素。结论：孕期使用超声多参数对妊娠期糖尿病产妇巨大儿发生情况具有较好的预测价值,可协助医师了解胎儿相关指标,并据此选择合适的分娩方式,值得临床推广应用。     

Serum albumin concentration,arm circumference,and oedema and subsequent risk of dying in children in central Africa.

OBJECTIVE--To measure the prognostic value of clinical, anthropometric, and biological indicators of protein energy malnutrition in hospitalised children. DESIGN--Hospital based follow up study from admission to discharge or death of a cohort of children. SETTING-Paediatric hospital in Zaire. SUBJECTS--1129 children consecutively admitted between August 1986 and October 1988. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Height, weight, arm circumference, skinfold thicknesses, serum albumin concentration, and mortality. RESULTS--Mortality was higher in wasted children and in those with a mid-upper arm circumference < 125 mm, a serum albumin concentration < 16 g/l, and oedema. After multivariate analysis, serum albumin concentration was the best predictor of subsequent risk of dying. Mid-upper arm circumference and oedema, however, still contributed considerably to evaluation of mortality. CONCLUSIONS--In this specific environment of central Africa an isolated clinical sign such as oedema is not enough to detect children with a high risk of dying among those admitted to paediatric wards with severe protein energy malnutrition. Measurement of additional indicators such as arm circumference and serum albumin concentration seems to be of crucial importance.     

Usefulness of nutritional indices and classifications in predicting death of malnourished children.

The usefulness of nutritional indices and classifications in predicting the death of children under 5 years old was evaluated by comparing measurements of 34 children with diarrhoea who died in a Dhaka hospital with those of 318 patients who were discharged in a satisfactory condition. In a logistic regression analysis mid-upper arm circumference was found to be as effective as other nutritional indices in predicting death. Combinations of different indices did not improve the prediction. Arm circumference might be preferable to more complex criteria for predicting the death of malnourished children.     

Effects of drought on child health in Marsabit District,Northern Kenya

This study uses five years of panel data (2009–2013) for Northern Kenya’s Marsabit district to analyze the levels and extent of malnutrition among children aged five and under in that area. We measure drought based on the standardized normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and assess its effect on child health using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). The results show that approximately 20 percent of the children in the study area are malnourished and a one standard deviation increase in NDVI z-score decreases the probability of child malnourishment by 12–16 percent. These findings suggest that remote sensing data can be usefully applied to develop and evaluate new interventions to reduce drought effects on child malnutrition, including better coping strategies and improved targeting of food aid.     

瘦素受体基因Lys109Arg 多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病营养状况的关系

目的:探讨瘦素受体基因Lys109Arg多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病营养状况的关系。对象与方法:观察159例COPD稳定期患者及110例健康对照者体重指数(BMI)、理想体重百分比(NW%)、三头肌皮皱厚度(TSF)、上臂中点臂围(MAC)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、总淋巴细胞(LYM)等营养参数,将COPD组分为营养不良组(COPD1组)68例,COPD非营养不良组(COPD2组)91例。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定血清瘦素水平,采用聚合酶链式反应及连接酶检测反应方法(PCR-LDR)测定瘦素受体Lysl09Arg多态性的基因型。结果:COPD1组Lys109Arg基因型GG、GA及AA的频率分别为0.838、0.147和0.015,G和A等位基因分别为0.912和0.088;COPD2组Lys109Arg基因型GG、GA及AA的频率分别为0.67、0.319和0.011,G和A等位基因分别为0.83和0.17;对照组Lys109Arg基因型GG、GA及AA的频率分别为0.7、0.273和0.027,G和A等位基因分别0.841和0.159;COPD1组Lys109Arg基因型及等位基因频率与COPD2组和对照组比较差异有显著性;COPD2组和对照组比较差异无显著性。GG型受试者血清瘦素水平低于A/G型+AA型(39.08±15.79ng/ml vs 43.29±17.25ng/ml),但差异无统计学意义。结论:瘦素受体基因Lys109Arg多态性可能与COPD营养状况相关。     

Growth and nutritional status of the Bharia--a primitive tribe of Madhya Pradesh

This study is an attempt to understand the physical growth and nutritional status of Bharia, a primitive tribe of Central India. A cross sectional study was conducted on 551 children (283 boys and 268 girls) aged 4 to 18 years. Body weight, height, sitting height, head circumference, upper arm circumference, chest circumference, biceps, triceps, sub scapular and calf skin fold thickness were measured. Body Mass Index was calculated as weight/height2 to calculate chronic energy deficiency. All anthropometric measurements except skin fold measurement exhibit uniform increase with age in both the sexes. Age-specific Body Mass Index (BMI) indicated substantial changes and falls during pre-school age and rise in adolescence. The BMI according to the Indian standard was normal, but when the data was compared with the International standard malnutrition in both sexes was noticed in childhood. Boys remained undernourished after adolescence, while girls reached the normal growth patterns.     

Validez de la valoración subjetiva global como método de despistaje de desnutrición hospitalaria. Prevalencia de desnutrición en un hospital terciario

IntroductionHospital malnutrition is a highly prevalent problem that affects patient morbidity and mortality resulting in longer hospital stays and increased healthcare costs. Although there is no single nutritional screening method, subjective global assessment (SGA) may be a useful, inexpensive, and easily reproducible tool.MethodsA cross-sectional, observational, randomized study was conducted in 197 patients in a tertiary hospital. SGA, anthropometric data, and biochemical parameters were used to assess the nutritional status of study patients.ResultsFifty percent of subjects were malnourished according to SGA. A higher prevalence of malnutrition was found in medical (53%) as compared to surgical departments (47%). Half the subjects (50%) had malnutrition by SGA, but only 37.8% received nutritional treatment during their hospital stay. Mean hospital stay was longer for patients malnourished (13.5 days) or at risk of malnutrition (12.1 days) as compared to well nourished subjects (6.97 days). SGA significantly correlated (P < .012) with anthropometric and biochemical malnutrition parameters.ConclusionsPrevalence of hospital malnutrition is very high in both medical and surgical departments and is inadequately treated. SGA is a useful tool for screening hospital malnutrition because of its high degree of correlation with anthropometric and biochemical parameters.     

Nutrition,general health status and oral health status in hospitalised elders

Biological malnutrition was assessed and correlated with salivary flow rates and oral health in 99 elderly, hospitalised non-psychiatric patients. The indicators of protein malnutrition used were arm circumference and serum albumin level and the indicators of energy malnutrition the body mass-index and the triceps skin-fold thickness. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were measured according to Sreebny et al.¹. Of the patients, 40% showed severely and 46% moderately reduced serum albumin levels and the anthropometric measurements indicated malnutrition in about 50%. Unstimulated hyposialia ( 0.1 ml/min) and stimulated hyposialia ( 0.5 ml/min) were observed in 17% and 26.5%, respectively. Significant associations (P 0.05) were found between stimulated / unstimulated hyposialia and biological malnutrition. There was a negative relationship between the number of masticatory movements until swallowing a standard biscuit and skin fold thickness (P 0.05). Current weight loss and biological malnutrition were related to poor appetite (P 0.05). The study has confirmed poor general and oral health status as well as protein-energy malnutrition among elderly hospitalised patients. This situation was associated with loss of appetite, reduced salivary flow rates and a certain impairment of masticatory function which could jeopardise the reversibility of malnutrition and lead to increased morbidity and mortality.     

The shape of things to come? household dependency ratio and adolescent nutritional status in rural and urban Ethiopia

Several related demographic trends are occurring in developing countries: youth comprise a large portion of populations, fertility rates are declining, and urban dwellers are increasing. As fertility rates decline and populations age, the decline in the ratio of young dependents to working age adults is expected to free up household resources, which can be invested in human capital, including youth nutritional wellbeing. We test this hypothesis in a sample of youth (n = 1,934) in Southwestern Ethiopia. Multiple measures of achieved growth and nutritional status are explored (weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), body mass index (BMI) and body mass index for age z-score (BMIZ), weight for age z-score (WAZ), and height for age z-score (HAZ)). In multivariable models controlling for the effects of income, age, gender, and youth workloads, youth living in rural settings had significantly lower weight (1.24 kg lighter), MUAC (0.67 cm lower), BMI (0.45 BMI lower), BMIZ (0.27 lower), HAZ (0.14 HAZ lower), and WAZ (0.3 WAZ lower) than urban youth (all P < 0.01). Compared with youth in the lowest dependency ratio households, results show that youth in households with the highest dependency ratios were estimated to be 1.3 kg lighter, have 0.67 cm smaller MUAC, and BMI that was 0.59 lower (all P<0.01). Similar results were found for WAZ (0.21 lower) and BMIZ (0.36 lower). Youth height and HAZ were not associated with household dependency. These results may point toward increasing levels of human capital investments in Ethiopian youth as fertility levels decline and populations urbanize.