维生素E对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英急性染毒小鼠卵巢内分泌及其结构的影响

为研究维生素E对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(TCDD)染毒小鼠生殖内分泌功能和卵巢的影响,设计了急性染毒实验。将24只4-5周龄的健康雌性小鼠(Mus musculus)随机分为对照组、TCDD(30μg/kg)染毒组和染毒同时给予100mg/kg维生素E组3组。通过放射免疫法测定小鼠血浆孕酮、雌二醇含量的变化,显微镜下计数卵泡数量并观察其形态变化。结果表明,TCDD能导致小鼠血浆孕酮含量的降低及卵巢结构的紊乱、卵泡数量的减少。100mg/kg的维生素E能明显对抗急性TCDD染毒引起的雌鼠孕酮含量和卵泡数量降低,缓解TCDD引起的小鼠卵巢形态结构的病变;TCDD染毒和维生素E对小鼠血浆雌二醇含量均没有明显影响。结果表明,维生素E对TCDD引起的内分泌功能紊乱以及卵泡数量降低有拮抗作用。     

维生素E对2，3，7，8-四氯二苯并二嗯英急性染毒小鼠卵巢内分泌及其结构的影响

为研究维生素E对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二嗯英（TCDD）染毒小鼠生殖内分泌功能和卵巢的影响,设计了急性染毒实验。将24只4—5周龄的健康雌性小鼠（Musmusculus）随机分为对照组、TCDD（30ag／kg）染毒组和染毒同时给予100mg／kg维生素E组3组。通过放射免疫法测定小鼠血浆孕酮、雌二醇含量的变化,显微镜下计数卵泡数量并观察其形态变化。结果表明,TCDD能导致小鼠血浆孕酮含量的降低及卵巢结构的紊乱、卵泡数量的减少。100mg／kg的维生素E能明显对抗急性TCDD染毒引起的雌鼠孕酮含量和卵泡数量降低,缓解TCDD引起的小鼠卵巢形态结构的病变;TCDD染毒和维生素E对小鼠血浆雌二醇含量均没有明显影响。结果表明,维生素E对TCDD引起的内分泌功能紊乱以及卵泡数量降低有拮抗作用。     

淮南矿区大气及二球悬铃木叶片中重金属含量及其相关性分析

对淮南市污染区(矿区)和对照区(相对清洁区)空气中TSP、PM10-100、PM5-10、PM2.5-5和PM2.5的日均质量浓度进行了测定,并对TSP中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的质量浓度和二球悬铃木〔Platanus×acerifolia(Ait.)Willd.〕叶片中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量的动态变化进行了分析,同时对二球悬铃木叶片中重金属含量与TSP中重金属质量浓度和各类空气颗粒物日均质量浓度的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:在60 d采样期内,空气颗粒物日均质量浓度和叶片中重金属含量均呈波动的变化趋势,其中污染区空气中TSP和PM2.5的日均质量浓度均显著高于对照区,污染区PM10-100、PM5-10和PM2.5-5日均质量浓度总体上低于对照区;污染区空气TSP中6种重金属元素的质量浓度均高于对照区,污染区二球悬铃木叶片中的Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn含量均高于对照区但Pb含量低于对照区。相关性分析结果表明:污染区二球悬铃木叶片中重金属含量与空气TSP中重金属质量浓度多数呈正相关,叶片中重金属含量与空气中PM2.5日均质量浓度也均呈正相关,其中叶片中Cd含量与PM2.5日均质量浓度的相关性达显著水平。研究结果表明:在淮南矿区,可将二球悬铃木叶片中的重金属含量作为空气PM2.5污染状况的监测指标。     

竹类果实的形态解剖特征与系统进化

研究了２１属３９种竹子的果实形态解剖特征,发现其果实皮性质,喙的形状和质地,腹沟和胚盖的有无,糊粉层的厚度及胚的形状,可作为竹类的分属依据。依果皮性质,竹类果实可分为４大类：基本型颖果,浆果状颖果,坚果状颖果和半坚果状颖果。浆果状颖果可能是原始的类型,坚果状颖果可由其演化而来;半坚果状颖果可由坚果状颖果进化而来;基本型颖果既可能来自半坚果状颖果,也可能由浆果状颖果演化而来。原始竹果具有以下特点：果     

PM2.5通过抑制FGF21/AMPKα2通路促发非酒精性脂肪肝

目的:探讨PM2.5对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的影响及与FGF21/AMPKα2通路的关系。方法:根据气管滴注的PM2.5浓度随机将40只6周龄雄性小鼠分为4组:对照组(生理盐水,10只)和低毒组(6.25μg/mL)、中毒组(12.5μg/mL)、高毒组(25.0μg/mL),10只/组,持续染毒19天。10周龄起给予高脂饲料喂养6周,构建NAFLD小鼠模型。分别于染毒前、染毒后、高脂喂养6周测定循环TG、TC及FGF21水平。处死小鼠,取肝细胞培养后随机分两组,分别转染Ad-FGF21与对照病毒Ad-GFP 16 h,后加入PM2.5混悬液进行染毒共培养36 h,测定两组细胞存活率,肝细胞内TC及TG、FGF21、AMPKα2含量。结果:染毒后及高脂喂养6周后,各组血清TG、TC较染毒前明显升高,血清FGF21水平降低,且随着染毒浓度的增加,血清TG、TC亦相应升高,FGF21随之降低(P0.05)。与染毒后比较,高脂喂养6周后各组血清TG、TC均显著升高,血清FGF21显著降低(P0.05)。与Ad-GFP组比较,Ad-FGF21组PM2.5染毒后肝细胞存活率显著升高,TG、TC水平明显降低,而肝细胞FGF21、AMPKα2表达含量则显著升高(P0.05)。结论:幼年期PM2.5暴露可加速成年后NAFLD发生,且与暴露浓度密切相关,PM2.5可能通过抑制肝脏FGF21/AMPKα2信号通路促进肝细胞脂质沉积和NAFLD的发生发展。     

慢性PM2.5暴露对C57BL/6J小鼠肺组织炎症和NLRP3炎性小体活性的影响

目的 研究慢性PM2.5暴露对小鼠肺炎症和NLRP3炎性小体活性的影响,为防治PM2.5所致肺损伤提供新靶点。方法 雄性C57BL/6J小鼠通过不同剂量气管滴注法进行PM2.5染毒,剂量为2,10mg/(kg·bw),对照组小鼠滴注生理盐水。小鼠连续滴注20次,每3d染毒1次后,取血和肺组织。三组小鼠进行血细胞计数;用免疫荧光染色法检测肺组织巨噬细胞水平;用试剂盒测定肺组织中白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β,IL-18水平及caspase-1活性;用实时定量PCR法检测肺组织NLRP3炎性小体相关mRNA表达水平。结果 两个剂量PM2.5染毒均能明显降低单核细胞百分比(P<0.01),增加中性粒白细胞百分比(P<0.01);导致肺炎症发生;增加肺组织caspase-1活性(P<0.01)及NLRP3和ASC的mRNA表达(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,两个剂量组小鼠肺组织IL-1β和IL-18水平均显著增高(P<0.01)。结论 慢性PM2.5暴露可能通过激活肺组织NLRP3炎性小体导致肺炎症发生。     

坚果,坚果作物及营养价值

1　坚果 (nut)坚果是被子植物不裂干果的一个类型。其定义有的复杂 :“果实成熟后 ,外果皮干燥并硬化 ,但不开裂 ,典型的坚果是由合生心皮上位或下位子房形成 ,一般多包藏于壳斗或总苞内。”其代表是壳斗科和榛科 ;有的简单 :“由一二枚或更多心皮形成 ,果皮完全石质化 ,果熟时不开裂。”依此 ,由分离心皮形成的莲子是坚果。更简单的定义是 :“果皮坚硬 ,内含一枚种子。”上述均用果皮不确切 ,如板栗是下位子房形成的典型坚果 ,与果皮合生的萼筒更坚硬 ,有些品种常每果 2～ 3枚种子。因此 ,需引入果壁一词。建议坚果定义 :“果壁硬或韧 ,通…     

蕨麻多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞上清液IFN-γ和可溶性LAG-3分子水平的影响

为了观察蕨麻多糖对急性低剂量镉染毒小鼠脾淋巴细胞上清液中IFN-γ和可溶性LAG-3(soluble LAG-3,s LAG-3)分子水平的影响。将试验小鼠一次性腹腔注射氯化镉溶液(1 mg/kg)染毒,观察24h即造模成功后,腹腔注射低、中、高剂量蕨麻多糖治疗一周,于实验终末测各组小鼠脾脏、胸腺指数,ELISA法测IFN-γ、s LAG-3含量;免疫荧光法观察CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞。结果表明蕨麻多糖低、中、高剂量组中,IFN-γ、s LAG-3的含量较空白对照组和单纯镉染阳性对照组均增高,以高浓度组增高明显(P0.05);CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞较空白对照组和单纯镉染阳性对照组均增多,仍以高浓度组增多明显,CD8+T变化不显著。蕨麻多糖能促进急性低剂量镉染毒小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ和s LAG-3,CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞亦相应增加。     

百草枯致小鼠肺间质纤维化过程中Smad3蛋白的表达

目的 使用免疫组织化学的方法观察百草枯(paraquat,PQ)致小鼠肺间质纤维化过程中Smad3蛋白的表达.方法 58只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分组.实验组48只,通过腹腔注射10 mg/kg PQ建立小鼠肺间质纤维化模型,对照组10只,腹腔注射等量生理盐水.小鼠在实验组染毒后第2、5、7、14天和对照组第7天时分别被安乐死,留取肺组织标本.标本进一步进行HE染色和Smad3蛋白的免疫组化研究.结果 光镜观察小鼠染毒后第2～5天肺组织出现水肿、出血、炎症细胞浸润等改变,第7天有少量胶原沉积及斑片状的纤维化表现,第14天表现更加明显.免疫组化观察染毒小鼠肺组织Smad3蛋白表达,第2～7天肺中巨噬细胞和部分Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞的细胞核中见到阳性表达.Smad3阳性表达和巨噬细胞数量呈正相关.第14天,在成纤维细胞灶增生的成纤维细胞核中,也可见到Smad3弱阳性表达.结论 在PQ致肺间质纤维化过程中,Smad3蛋白异常表达并对肺纤维化的发生发展具有重要的作用.     

短命植物小疮菊异形瘦果特性及其对荒漠环境的适应

小疮菊(Garhadiolus papposus)是准噶尔荒漠中常见的具异形果实的菊科早春短命植物, 其同一果序中由外到内分别产生外围果、过渡果和中央果3种不同形态和扩散方式的果实。在形态特征上, 每果序中外围果5.24±0.05个, 柱状弧形曲, 深黄、黄至黄白色, 果体长6.67±0.10 mm, 无冠毛, 成熟时被宿存苞片所包被, 果体背面下部与苞片合生, 果皮厚约156.7 µm, 表面较光滑, 瘦果及胚百粒重分别为118.10±1.30 mg和46.70±0.50 mg; 过渡果5.39±0.14个, 柱状弧形曲, 灰白色, 果体长7.60±0.11 mm, 具少量短冠毛, 果皮厚约82.1 µm, 表面有两条纵向细棱, 瘦果及胚百粒重分别为88.30±1.30 mg和36.80±0.30 mg; 中央果5.77±0.13个, 柱形近直立, 深褐色, 果体长9.74±0.14 mm, 具发育完全的冠毛, 果皮厚约69.7 µm, 表面有多条纵向细棱, 瘦果及胚百粒重分别为69.00±0.60 mg和36.90±0.30 mg。在扩散特点上, 3种瘦果的扩散能力表现为中央果>过渡果>外围果, 且散布能力与其形态特征密切相关。中央果成熟后容易从母株上脱落, 发育完全的冠毛能借风力进行远距离扩散; 外围果与宿存苞片紧密相连, 成熟后不易脱落, 散布距离很近; 过渡果的散布特征介于两者之间。本文还讨论了小疮菊异形瘦果的形态特征与扩散特点对其在准噶尔荒漠中成功定居与生长发育以及物种延续和种群扩大、减少同胞果实间竞争等方面的影响。     

Land,livestock, and livelihoods: Changing dynamics of gender,caste, and ethnicity in a Nepalese Village

Over the past 10 years, Ghusel VDC, Lalitpur District has moved from primarily subsistence agriculture into the wider cash economy aided by the Small Farmers' Development Program (SFDP), which provides credit to farmers mainly for the purchase of buffalo for milk production, and by the National Dairy Corporation, which supports local dairy cooperatives. Analysis reveals that buffalo-keeping and milk sales are increasing the well-being of many households, while at the same time creating new inequalities in gender roles and responsibilities, greater inequities between Brahmin and Tamang residents in Ghusel, and placing pressures on the ecosystem for increased supplies of fodder and fuelwood. Evidence suggests that there is critical, need for attention to the social, and particularly gender-based, implications of maintaining livestock for milk sales and to the ecological underpinnings of this livelihood system.     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.     

Reorientation of Microfibrils and Microtubules at the Outer Epidermal Wall of Maize Coleoptiles During Auxin-Mediated Growth

Auxin-mediated elongation growth of isolated subapical coleoptile segments of maize (Zea mays L.) is controlled by the extensibility of the outer cell wall of the outer epidermis (Kutschera et al., 1987). Here we investigate the hypothesis that auxin controls the extensibility of this wall by changing the orientation of newly deposited microfibrils through a corresponding change in the orientation of cortical microtubules. On the basis of electron micrographs it is shown that cessation of growth after removal of the endogenous source of auxin is correlated with a relative increase of longitudinally orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. Conversely, reinduction of growth by exogenous auxin is correlated with a relative increase of transversely orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. These changes can be detected 30–60 min after the removal and addition of auxin, respectively. The functional significance of directional changes of newly desposited wall microfibrils for the control of elongation growth is discussed.     

Identification of specific binding sites for leukotriene C4 in human fetal lung

Specific leukotriene C₄ (LTC₄) binding sites were identified in membrane preparations from human fetal lung. Specific binding of [³H]-LTC₄ represented 95 percent of total binding, reached steadystate within 10 minutes and was rapidly reversible upon addition of excess unlabeled LTC₄. Binding assays were performed at 4°C under conditions which prevented metabolism of [³H]-LTC₄ (80 mM serineborate, 10 mM cysteine, 10 mM glycine). Under these conditions, greater than 95 percent of the membrane bound radioactivity, as analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, co-eluted with the LTC₄ standard. Computer-assisted analyses of saturation binding data showed a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (K_d) of 26 + 6 nM and a density (B_max) of 84 ± 18 pmol/mg protein. Pharmacological specificity was demonstrated by competition studies in which specific binding of [³H]-LTC₄ was displaced by LTC₄ and its structural analogs with inhibition constants (K_j) of 10 to 30 nM, whereas LTD₄, diastereoisomers of LTD₁, LTE₄ and the end organ antagonist FPL 55712 were 150 to 700 fold less potent competitors than LTC₄. These results provide evidence for specific, reversible, saturable, high affinity binding sites for [³H]-LTC₄ in human fetal lung membranes.     

多马胺能药物对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH）分泌活动的影响

以珠江流域鲇鱼（silurus asotus)为实验材料,研究了多巴胺（DA）能药物（DA及其D－2型受体拮抗物 ,DOM）对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH)释放的影响,结果表明,在性腺发育的各个时期,单独注射DOM（5ug/g)均不能显著提高鲇鱼血液基础GtH水平,当DOM与LHRH－A联合注射时能显著增强LHRH－A刺激GtH释放的作用;DA只能抑制GnRH诱导的GtH释放,对基础GtH释放无抑制作用,这种生殖内分泌调节方式与鲇形目的革胡子鲇（Clarias gariepinus)和大鳍Hu（Mystus macropterus)相似,而与鲤形目的鲁科（Cyrpindiae)鱼类不同。     

Gamma-glutamylcysteine protects ergothioneine-deficient Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants against oxidative and nitrosative stress

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), cannot synthesize GSH, but synthesizes two major low molecular weight thiols namely mycothiol (MSH) and ergothioneine (ERG). Gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), an intermediate in GSH synthesis, has been implicated in the protection of lactic acid bacteria from oxidative stress in the absence of GSH. In mycobacteria, GGC is an intermediate in ERG biosynthesis, and its formation is catalysed by EgtA (GshA). GGC is subsequently used by EgtB in the formation of hercynine-sulphoxide-GGC. In this study, M.tb. mutants harbouring unmarked, in-frame deletions in each of the fives genes involved in ERG biosynthesis (egtA, egtB, egtC, egtD and egtE) or a marked deletion of the mshA gene (required for MSH biosynthesis) were generated. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses (LC-MS) revealed that the production of GGC was elevated in the MSH-deficient and the ERG-deficient mutants. The ERG-deficient ΔegtB mutant which accumulated GGC was more resistant to oxidative and nitrosative stress than the ERG-deficient, GGC-deficient ΔegtA mutant. This implicates GGC in the detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in M.tb.     

Interactions of an antitumor platinum compound with deoxyribonucleic acid, histones, L-amino acids, poly-L-amino acids, nucleosides and nucleotides

Interaction of cis-dichloro(dipyridine)platinum(II) (cis-PPC) with calf thymus DNA, calf thymus histone, l-amino acids, poly-l-amino acids, nucleosides, and nucleotides has been evaluated by equilibrium dialysis technics. At least a 28 % decrease in the association of cis-PPC with DNA occurs when the platinum compound is pre-incubated with l-amino acids. The greatest decrease in association is seen upon pre-incubation of the platinum compound with the free amino acids. Glut, Asp, Lys, Arg, and CySH, before the addition of a sack containing a solution of DNA. The low level of association between DNA and the amino acids tends to rule out competition between cis-PPC and amino acids for DNA association sites. cis-PPC was repelled from sacks containing positively charged poly-l-Lys, poly-l-Arg, and calf thymus histone; however, in the presence of poly-l-Glut and poly-l-Asp, cis-PPC associated with these negatively charged polymers to a considerable degree. Enhanced chloride dissociation from cis-PPC was observed in the presence of all of the amino acids and the nucleotides GMP, CMP, UMP, and TMP, but not in the presence of AMP or the nucleosides rG and dG. In the presence of calf thymus histone, the association of cis-PPC with calf thymus DNA was reduced by more than 50% at histone/DNA ratios of 0.8–1.0.These data suggest that cis-PPC or cis-Pt(II) may associate with electron-rich areas of not only nucleic acids and proteins but also with body pools of free nucleotides and amino acids. The presence of positively charged histones shielding DNA strands in vivo suggests that the most probable point of platinum-DNA association would be at de-repressed areas of DNA which are undergoing RNA synthesis. The aquated form of the platinum complex may also associate with acidic proteins which appear to be involved in the positive control of RNA synthesis and, as a result, this interaction may be of pharmacological significance.     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

Biofortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets – iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine

The diets of over two-thirds of the world's population lack one or more essential mineral elements. This can be remedied through dietary diversification, mineral supplementation, food fortification, or increasing the concentrations and/or bioavailability of mineral elements in produce (biofortification). This article reviews aspects of soil science, plant physiology and genetics underpinning crop biofortification strategies, as well as agronomic and genetic approaches currently taken to biofortify food crops with the mineral elements most commonly lacking in human diets: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I) and selenium (Se). Two complementary approaches have been successfully adopted to increase the concentrations of bioavailable mineral elements in food crops. First, agronomic approaches optimizing the application of mineral fertilizers and/or improving the solubilization and mobilization of mineral elements in the soil have been implemented. Secondly, crops have been developed with: increased abilities to acquire mineral elements and accumulate them in edible tissues; increased concentrations of 'promoter' substances, such as ascorbate, β-carotene and cysteine-rich polypeptides which stimulate the absorption of essential mineral elements by the gut; and reduced concentrations of 'antinutrients', such as oxalate, polyphenolics or phytate, which interfere with their absorption. These approaches are addressing mineral malnutrition in humans globally.     

八种脑-肠肽侧脑室内注射对大鼠基础胃酸分泌的影响

用乌拉坦麻醉大鼠作急性实验,采用连续灌流胃并收集流出液的方法,观察向侧脑室内注射微量脑-肠肽对大鼠基础胃酸分泌的影响。实验结果如下:(1)雨蛙肽、八肽胆囊收缩素、促甲状腺素释放激素及四肽胃泌素均使总酸排出量增加;(2)生长抑素、胰多肽、P 物质、胰高血糖素则使总酸排出量减少;(3)上述肽类用侧脑室注射的剂量作肌肉注射,除四肽胃泌素也产生明显的刺激胃酸分泌作用外,对胃酸分泌均无明显影响。以上结果提示,脑内的一些肽类可能以神经递质或调制物的方式,参与中枢对胃酸分泌的调节。