飞机草花蕾中Beclin1基因的克隆与表达

本文以入侵植物飞机草的不同时期花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR法扩增得到了与PCD相关的类Beclin1基因的部分cDNA序列(大约700bp),与烟草叶片中的基因序列（AY701316）同源性为95%;Northern blotting结果表明类Beclin1基因在花蕾发育中期的表达量高于初期和后期;通过DNA ladder检测表明在花蕾发育过程中伴随着PCD的发生,这些结果表明花蕾发育中期是PCD初期发生的活跃期,是绒毡层逐渐退化和花粉不断形成的过程。通过对生殖过程中的细胞程序性死亡的分子生物学研究,初步揭示了飞机草入侵过程与PCD的相互关系。     

Structure, inheritance, and expression of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoides) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes.

A heterologous probe encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was used to identify PAL clones in cDNA libraries made with RNA from young leaf tissue of two Populus deltoides x P. trichocarpa F1 hybrid clones. Sequence analysis of a 2.4-kb cDNA confirmed its identity as a full-length PAl clone. The predicted amino acid sequence is conserved in comparison with that of PAL genes from several other plants. Southern blot analysis of popular genomic DNA from parental and hybrid individuals, restriction site polymorphism in PAL cDNA clones, and sequence heterogeneity in the 3' ends of several cDNA clones suggested that PAL is encoded by at least two genes that can be distinguished by HindIII restriction site polymorphisms. Clones containing each type of PAL gene were isolated from a poplar genomic library. Analysis of the segregation of PAL-specific HindIII restriction fragment-length polymorphisms demonstrated the existence of two independently segregating PAL loci, one of which was mapped to a linkage group of the poplar genetic map. Developmentally regulated PAL expression in poplar was analyzed using RNA blots. Highest expression was observed in young stems, apical buds, and young leaves. Expression was lower in older stems and undetectable in mature leaves. Cellular localization of PAL expression by in situ hybridization showed very high levels of expression in subepidermal cells of leaves early during leaf development. In stems and petioles, expression was associated with subepidermal cells and vascular tissues.     

矮牵牛花同源异型基因fbp2的克隆及其对烟草花形态的影响

以矮牵牛（Ｐｅｔｕｎｉａ　ｈｙｂｒｉｄａ　Ｌ．）栽培品种为材料,取开放前的花蕾分离ｍＲＮＡ,反转录合成ｃＤＮＡ,以ｃＤＮＡ为模板,通过ＰＣＲ扩增,对获得的目的片段进行序列分析。结果表明,分离的目的片段含有６８６个核苷酸（含有起始密码和终止密码）。核苷酸序列与文献报道相比,同源率为９９．６％,只有３个碱基发生改变,５’端的ＭＡＤＳ盒区域完全相同。将得到的矮牵牛花同源异型基因ｆｂｐ２的ｃＤＮＡ（ｙｆｂｐ２）与ＣａＭＶ３５５启动子和ＮＯＳ３’终止子融合,构建了表达载体ｐＢＢＰ２。表达载体通过农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ　ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）ＬＢＡ４４０４（ｐＡＬ４４０４）介导转化烟草（ＮｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｂａｃｕｍＬ．）叶片,在含有１００ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的抗性培养基上再生成株。对抗性株进行总ＤＮＡＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和总ＲＮＡ的点杂交,证明目的基因已导入烟草细胞中,整合到烟草基因组上,并且在烟草细胞中转录。同源异型基因ｆｂｐ２导入烟草后导致烟草花型改变,在雄蕊上产生了花瓣。     

Cloning and characterization of a cold inducible Pal promoter from Fagopyrum tataricum

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalyzes the first reaction in biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids and plays an important role in plant stress resistance. In this study, the 5’ flanking region of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene was isolated from Fagopyrum tataricum by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR method, named PFtPal (GenBank: KF463139). To investigate the functional properties of PFtPal, we constructed a series of plant expression vectors that contained different promoter fragments resulting from nest deletions and had successfully transformed them into tobacco leaves by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Histochemical assay of GUS suggested that PFtPal could drive GUS gene expression in leaves and roots, while GUS activity was not detected in the stem. In addition, the region of ?274 bp to ?1 bp was enough to drive normal expression of GUS gene. Low temperature treatment of transgenic tobacco plants demonstrated that PFtPal conferred cold-induced expression. Taken together, our study will help to better understand the Pal promoter, and provides a candidate promoter for molecular breeding in Fagopyrum plants.     

A diverse family of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes expressed in pine trees and cell cultures

Using degenerate PCR primers that target evolutionarily conserved sequences in pal genes, we show that in the gymnosperm, Pinus banksiana, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is encoded by a multigene family of at least eight to ten loci. Five classes of pal sequence were easily distinguished among 28 clones sequenced from the products of PCR amplification of haploid genomic DNA. The dominant sequence from each class was named, yielding pal1 to pal5 loci. These genes shared 68.8% to 94.0% nucleotide identity over the 366 bp region compared. All of pal1 to pal5 were expressed in cell suspension cultures treated with a fungal elicitor and all but pal3 were expressed in differentiating xylem tissue of a mature tree. Only pal1 was expressed in unelicited cell cultures. While these P. banksiana genes are quite divergent, they are still more similar to each other than to any angiosperm pal gene cloned to date. For its roles in development and defense, PAL production in P. banksiana is coordinated from a large, diverse multigene family. We discuss evidence suggesting that other pines have similar pal gene family structures.     

云锦杜鹃苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的克隆及功能分析

苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalaninammo-nialyase,PAL)是植物香气化合物中苯甲酸甲酯合成途径的关键酶。为探究云锦杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei RhPAL基因的功能,利用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术克隆RhPAL基因全长cDNA序列,并应用高效液相色谱-质谱(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,LC-MS)联用技术分析云锦杜鹃不同发育阶段的不同组织中RhPAL基因表达水平和代谢物含量变化关系。结果表明,从云锦杜鹃花cDNA中克隆得到RhPAL基因,含有完整的cDNA开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)序列长2145bp,编码715个氨基酸,与其他物种的PAL蛋白质氨基酸序列具有较高的同源性;qRT-PCR分析表明,在不同花期的花瓣中,RhPAL表达量呈上升趋势,在衰败期表达量最高,雌蕊的表达量远远高于雄蕊,同时,新叶高于老叶,叶片的表达量高于花瓣和花蕊。通过酶联检疫法检测分析云锦杜鹃不同花期的花...