盐度对日本囊对虾仔虾生长发育和Na+-K+-ATPase活力的影响

研究了盐度对日本囊对虾仔虾(Marsupenaeus Japonicus)的生长发育和Na -K -ATPase活力的影响。结果表明,盐度对日本囊对虾仔虾存活率、增重率和Na -K -ATPase活力的影响显著(P<0.05)。随着向低盐度变化的增加,仔虾的存活率和增重率明显下降,而向高盐度变化无显著差异;在盐度变化48h内,随着盐度变化的增加仔虾Na -K -ATPase活力变化增大,各处理组仔虾Na -K -ATPase活力随着取样时间的增加呈峰值变化,至24h时低盐度处理组酶活力达到最大值,而高盐度处理组达到最小值:至48h~72h时,不同盐度下仔虾Na -K -ATPase活力趋于稳定,而且盐度越低酶活力越大。由此表明日本囊对虾仔虾在低盐度地下卤水中的适宜盐度为20‰—24‰。     

盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼鳃Na -K -ATPase活力、血清离子浓度 和激素水平的影响

采用饲养试验方法,研究了平均体质量为(7.16±0.07)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼分别在盐度12、18、24、30和36下饲养60 d后,其鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力、血清离子浓度、生长激素(GH)、皮质醇激素(COR)、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FCE)的变化。结果表明:幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力、血清Na+浓度均随盐度的升高而上升,分别在3.48~8.30 U/mg和169.99~180.00 mmol/L之间,其中12盐度组最低,36盐度组最高。幼鱼血清中K+和Cl-浓度分别在2.20~3.47 mmol/L和136.67~142.00 mmol/L之间,各盐度组之间差异不显著。幼鱼血清中GH和COR浓度分别在0.41~1.66 ng/ml和35.33~76.41 ng/ml之间;其中GH在36盐度组最高,12盐度组最低,而COR在12盐度组最高,36盐度组最低。幼鱼SGR和FCE分别在(1.45~2.00)%/d和1.12%~1.38%之间,与盐度的相关性不显著,两者均为12盐度组最低。由此可见,盐度变化显著影响大菱鲆幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力、血清Na+浓度和激素含量。本研究对大菱鲆养殖生理生态条件分析具有重要参考意义,研究结果可为大菱鲆养殖的盐度选择提供理论依据。     

温度和盐度对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力的联合效应

试验采用中心组合设计(central composite face-centered design,CCF)和响应曲面法(response surface methodology,RSM)研究了温度(12—34℃)和盐度(0—26)两因素对体长为(4.36±0.105)cm,体重为(2.45±0.153)g的吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(GIFT Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus;简称吉富罗非鱼)幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力的联合效应。结果表明:(1)温度和盐度的一次效应和二次效应对Na+-K+-ATPase活力影响极显著(P<0.01),温度和盐度的互作效应不显著(P>0.05);(2)经响应曲面法分析,随着温度和盐度的增大,Na+-K+-ATPase活力呈先减小后增大的趋势;(3)建立了Na+-K+-ATPase活力与温度、盐度间关系的模型方程(R2=0.9829,Pred.R2=0.8550,P<0.01),并可用于预测吉富罗非鱼幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase的活力;(4)优化结果显示,温度为24.15℃,盐度为11.75时,Na+-K+-ATPase活力最小为0.62μmol无机磷.mg-1蛋白.h-1,满意度函数值高达0.961。Na+-K+-ATPase活力可以作为检测罗非鱼生长性能的指标,其活力较低时,一般反映了鱼体生存环境适宜,生长代谢旺盛,消耗于渗透调节的能量较少。     

鲻鱼鳃组织14-3-3a、NKCCla、Apo-14和Na~+-K~+-ATPaseβ基因表达对盐度变化的响应

探讨了鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)鳃组织14-3-3a、NKCCla、Apo-14和Na+-K+-ATPaseβ基因对盐度变化的响应表达特性。结果表明:不同盐度处理组对14-3-3a、NKCC1a、Apo-14和Na+-K+-ATPaseβ等4种基因mRNA的表达量与对照组(盐度20)间存在一定的差异性,且各类基因与盐度适应相关性的差异性也较为显著;其中Na+-K+-ATPaseβ和NKCC1a在低盐环境下被显著诱导,表达量上升明显(P0.01),而14-3-3a与Apo-14在低盐环境下表达量均有明显的下调(P0.05);不同盐度处理组与对照组表达量的差异、各基因表达量与盐度的回归关系以及4种基因生物整合标志物响应值的不同,表明Na+-K+-ATPaseβ和NKCC1a相对于14-3-3a和Apo-14更能赋予生物在受到低盐度应激刺激后,产生渗透调节机制,提高生物抵抗环境的胁迫能力;可考虑Na+-K+-ATPaseβ和NKCC1a适宜作为鱼类鳃组织在低盐环境胁迫下调控渗透基因的潜在分子生物标志物。     

红罗非鱼Na~+-K~+-ATPase α基因的克隆及其在不同盐度条件下mRNA表达差异

为获知红罗非鱼(Oreochromis sp.)Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的全长分子结构及其在不同盐度条件下的表达情况,采用同源克隆及cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE-PCR)方法,首次在红罗非鱼鳃组织中克隆到了全长为3 379 bp的Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因全长cDNA序列,该序列包含3 072 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),143 bp的5'末端非编码区(UTR)和164 bp的3'末端非编码区(UTR),编码1023个氨基酸,预测分子量为112.5 kD,理论等电点为5.26。BLAST分析显示红罗非鱼Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因编码的氨基酸序列与其它已知物种相应基因编码的氨基酸序列的同源性达到97%-99%;系统进化分析显示,红罗非鱼Na+-K+-ATPaseα亚基与萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron)和莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)亲缘关系较近。应用Real-time PCR技术,以β-actin基因为内参,对不同盐度(0、15、25、32 g/L)条件下鳃组织中Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的表达情况进行了比较分析,结果表明,当盐度为25 g/L时,Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的表达量达到峰值,而盐度升至32 g/L时,其表达量呈下降趋势;各盐度处理组中,养殖12 h后Na+-K+-ATPaseα基因的mRNA表达量显著上升(P0.05)并达到最高;随着养殖时间的延长,24 h后该基因mRNA表达量开始降低,但仍然显著高于对照组的表达量值(P0.05)。     

盐度对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼渗透压调节和饥饿失重的影响

为探讨盐度对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)渗透压调节的影响,研究了深水网箱养殖的卵形鲳鲹幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATP酶(NKA)活性,血浆、鳃和肾渗透压以及饥饿失重在盐度渐变条件下的反应。实验设5个盐度梯度组,分别为5、15、25、30和35。结果显示,鳃NKA活性除盐度15外都呈先下降后升高随之回落并趋于稳定的趋势,在2 d后的各时间节点随盐度变化呈"U"型分布;血浆渗透压在相同盐度下随时间延长呈先升高后下降再升高随后回落并趋于稳定,2 d后在各时间节点与盐度呈正相关关系,盐度30和35组的血浆渗透压显著高于其它盐度组(P0.05);肾脏对盐度变化的渗透调节比鳃敏感,在低盐度时(30以下),鰓和肾共同完成对渗透压的调节,在较高盐度(30以上),肾对渗透压的调节起主导作用。盐度变化对卵形鲳鲹的饥饿失重率有极显著的影响。研究表明,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼对盐度的渗透调节能力较强,在盐度5—35范围内的盐度变化均能适应,一般在1—2 d内可达到稳定,且更适于在低盐度水环境中生活。     

温度和盐度对褐牙鲆幼鱼渗透生理及抗氧化水平的影响

采用双因素析因实验设计方法,研究了温度（20℃、24℃、28℃）和盐度（10、30）急性应激对褐牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）幼鱼渗透生理和抗氧化水平的影响。结果表明:盐度和温度变化对各实验组1d和6d时褐牙鲆幼鱼血浆皮质醇含量均无显著性差异。在高温低盐（28℃、10）环境中1d时渗透压显著高于其他各实验组,6d时无显著性差异。牙鲆幼鱼在28℃环境中1d时鳃Na+-K+-ATP酶活性显著高于20℃和24℃;6d时,温度和盐度对牙鲆幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATP酶活性有显著交互影响作用。1d时,随着温度的升高或盐度的降低牙鲆幼鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性呈现上升趋势,并且高温低盐（28℃、盐度10）组褐牙鲆幼鱼肝脏丙二醛（MDA）含量显著高于其他各组;在3个实验温度下,10环境中牙鲆幼鱼肝脏脂质过氧化物（LPO）的含量高于30。在6d时,各实验组间肝脏SOD、CAT活性及MDA含量无显著性差异。因此,褐牙鲆能够耐受温度2028℃和低至盐度10的环境条件,应激早期温度和盐度的变化可引起褐牙鲆幼鱼渗透生理和抗氧化水平的变化,高温低盐对褐牙鲆幼鱼抗氧化水平的影响最大,至6d可基本恢复稳定。       

温度和盐度对褐牙鲆幼鱼渗透生理及抗氧化水平的影响简

采用双因素析因实验设计方法,研究了温度(20℃、24℃、28℃)和盐度(10‰、30‰)急性应激对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼渗透生理和抗氧化水平的影响。结果表明:盐度和温度变化对各实验组1d和6d时褐牙鲆幼鱼血浆皮质醇含量均无显著性差异。在高温低盐(28℃、10‰)环境中1d时渗透压显著高于其他各实验组,6d时无显著性差异。牙鲆幼鱼在28℃环境中1d时鳃Na+-K+-ATP酶活性显著高于20℃和24℃;6d时,温度和盐度对牙鲆幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATP酶活性有显著交互影响作用。1d时,随着温度的升高或盐度的降低牙鲆幼鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈现上升趋势,并且高温低盐(28℃、盐度10‰)组褐牙鲆幼鱼肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于其他各组;在3个实验温度下,10‰环境中牙鲆幼鱼肝脏脂质过氧化物(LPO)的含量高于30‰。在6d时,各实验组间肝脏SOD、CAT活性及MDA含量无显著性差异。因此,褐牙鲆能够耐受温度20—28℃和低至盐度10‰的环境条件,应激早期温度和盐度的变化可引起褐牙鲆幼鱼渗透生理和抗氧化水平的变化,高温低盐对褐牙鲆幼鱼抗氧化水平的影响最大,至6d可基本恢复稳定。     

盐度对日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)渗透压调节的影响

以日本鳗鲡(505.1±35.7)g为实验对象,分别在淡水(盐度0)、盐度10和盐度33条件下处理14 d,在0、1、4、12、24、96 h和14 d时测定其血清渗透压、离子(Na+、K+、Cl-)浓度和鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力指标。结果表明:日本鳗鲡血清等渗点为329.1 m Osm·kg-1,其对应盐度为10.48;随着处理时间延长,盐度处理组血清渗透压、Na+和Cl-浓度均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;血清K+浓度受盐度影响较小(P0.05);盐度10处理组鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力于12 h达到最小值(5.40±0.72)μmol·mg-1·h-1,至96 h时恢复至淡水组水平(P0.05);而盐度33处理组鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力则表现为先快速下降,后快速上升,并于24 h达到最大值(13.05±0.62)μmol·mg-1·h-1,约为淡水组的1.5倍(P0.05)。日本鳗鲡的渗透压调节可初步分为3个阶段:(1)快速升高期,血清渗透压、Na+和Cl-浓度异常升高,鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力受到抑制;(2)缓慢升高期,鱼体补偿失水以缓解渗透压升高,血清渗透压、Na+和Cl-浓度表现为缓慢升高,鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶被激活;(3)适应期,鳃Na+/K+-ATP酶活力处于较高水平,血清渗透压、离子浓度基本恢复。     

Cd2+-B[α]P复合污染对菲律宾蛤仔急性毒性和解毒代谢酶活力的影响

文章研究了Cd2+-B[α]P复合污染对菲律宾蛤仔的急性毒性和鳃丝、消化盲囊解毒代谢酶活力的影响。结果表明:Cd2+对菲律宾蛤仔48、72、96h LC50分别为50.41、24.12、14.68 mg/L,Cd2+-B[α]P对菲律宾蛤仔的联合急性毒性48—96h表现为协同作用。Cd2+、B[α]P单一与复合污染对菲律宾蛤仔鳃丝、消化盲囊谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的影响显著(P<0.05),而对照组无显著变化。单一染毒组组织GSH含量在12d内呈峰值变化,分别于1d、3d达到最大值,12d后保持稳定,表现为恢复至对照组水平或被诱导;复合污染处理组组织GSH含量除Cd2++B[α]P(15μg/L+0.01μg/L)处理组在3d内呈峰值变化外,其他处理组均呈逐渐下降趋势,均于12d后稳定,被显著抑制。各染毒处理组组织GST、SOD活力在12d内呈峰值变化,分别于1d、3d达到最大值,12d后各处理组GST、SOD活力趋于稳定,GST活力与对照组无明显差异,而SOD活力明显高于对照组水平。由此可见,菲律宾蛤仔在Cd2+-B[α]P复合胁迫下急性毒性效应明显,组织解毒代谢酶活力表现出明显的时间、剂量效应性,鳃丝、消化盲囊GSH含量和SOD活力可作为菲律宾蛤仔Cd2+-B[α]P复合污染评价的潜在生物标志物。     

A model for cation content of plants based on surface potentials and surface charge densities of plant membranes

The model presented takes into account the interaction between the negatively charged membranes and macromolecules and the cations. A central postulate is that a constant average surface charge density (σ) as well as a constant average surface potential (Ψ) is conserved under different ionic conditions. The model makes it possible to predict the size of σ and Ψ from measurements of Na, K, Mg and Ca content in plant tissues of the same age but grown under two different ionic conditions (e.g. high and low K⁺). Assumptions were made about the relative amounts of free and bound Ca²⁺ and σ and Ψ were calculated from values in the literature. In all cases σ (and Ψ) are predicted to be higher for shoot (−29 to −96 mC m⁻²) than for root membranes (−14 to −27 mC m⁻²). In most cases the predicted σ falls within the range determined experimentally for biological membranes.     

Puccinellia tenuiflora maintains a low Na+ level under salinity by limiting unidirectional Na+ influx resulting in a high selectivity for K+ over Na+

Puccinellia tenuiflora is a useful monocotyledonous halophyte that might be used for improving salt tolerance of cereals. This current work has shown that P. tenuiflora has stronger selectivity for K⁺ over Na⁺ allowing it to maintain significantly lower tissue Na⁺ and higher K⁺ concentration than that of wheat under short- or long-term NaCl treatments. To assess the relative contribution of Na⁺ efflux and influx to net Na⁺ accumulation, unidirectional ²²Na⁺ fluxes in roots were carried out. It was firstly found that unidirectional ²²Na⁺ influx into root of P. tenuiflora was significantly lower (by 31–37%) than in wheat under 100 and 150 m m NaCl. P. tenuiflora had lower unidirectional Na⁺ efflux than wheat; the ratio of efflux to influx was similar between the two species. Leaf secretion of P. tenuiflora was also estimated, and found the loss of Na⁺ content from leaves to account for only 0.0006% of the whole plant Na⁺ content over 33 d of NaCl treatments. Therefore, it is proposed that neither unidirectional Na⁺ efflux of roots nor salt secretion by leaves, but restricting unidirectional Na⁺ influx into roots with a strong selectivity for K⁺ over Na⁺ seems likely to contribute to the salt tolerance of P. tenuiflora .     

The Ca 2+ pumps and the Na + / Ca 2+ exchangers

The Ca 2+ ATPases or Ca 2+ pumps transport Ca 2+ ions out of the cytosol, by using the energy stored in ATP. The Na + / Ca 2+ exchanger uses the chemical energy of the Na + gradient (the Na + concentration is much higher outside than inside the cell) to remove Ca 2+ from the cytosol. Ca 2+ pumps are found in the plasma membrane and in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cells. The pumps are probably present in the membrane of other organelles, but little experimental information is available on this matter. The Na + / Ca 2+ exchangers are located on the plasma membrane. A Na + / Ca 2+ exchanger was found in the mitochondria, but very little is known on its structure and sequence. These transporters control the Ca 2+ concentration in the cytosol and are vital to prevent Ca 2+ overload of the cells. Their activity is controlled by different mechanisms, that are still under investigation. A number of the possible isoforms for both types of proteins has been detected.© Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Cardiac sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchange and Na+-K+ ATPase activities and gene expression in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats

To determine the sequence of alterations in cardiac sarcolemmal (SL) Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchange, Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase and Ca²⁺-transport activities during the development of diabetes, rats were made diabetic by an intravenous injection of 65 mg/kg alloxan. SL membranes were prepared from control and experimental hearts 1-12 weeks after induction of diabetes. A separate group of 4 week diabetic animals were injected with insulin (3 U/day) for an additional 4 weeks. Both Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase and Ca²⁺-stimulated ATPase activities were depressed as early as 10 days after alloxan administration; Mg²⁺ ATPase activity was not depressed throughout the experimental periods. Both Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchange and ATP-dependent Ca²⁺-uptake activities were depressed in diabetic hearts 2 weeks after diabetes induction. These defects in SL Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase and Ca-transport activities were normalized upon treatment of diabetic animals with insulin. Northern blot analysis was employed to compare the relative mRNA abundances of _--subunit of Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase and Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchanger in diabetic ventricular tissue vs. control samples. At 6 weeks after alloxan administration, a significant depression of the Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase _-- subunit mRNA was noted in diabetic heart. A significant increase in the Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchanger mRNA abundance was observed at 3 weeks which returned to control by 5 weeks. The results from the alloxan-rat model of diabetes support the view that SL membrane abnormalities in Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase, Na⁺Ca²⁺ exchange and Ca²⁺-pump activities may lead to the occurrence of intracellular Ca²⁺ overload during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy but these defects may not be the consequence of depressed expression of genes specific for those SL proteins.     

Isolation and characterization of cytoplasmic NADP+-malic enzyme from Lupinus luteus leaves

NADP⁺-dependent malic enzyme (L-malate : NADP⁺ oxidoreductase, decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.40) was extracted from the leaves of yellow lupine. The purification procedure included fractionation with (NH₄)₂SO₄ and Sephadex G-25 chromatography, followed by purification on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 columns. The enzyme was purified 122-fold. The enzyme affinity towards L-malate was found to be significantly higher with Mn²⁺ than with Mg²⁺. The Hill coefficient for Mg²⁺ depended on concentration and was 1.6 for the lower and 3.9 for the higher concentrations. The dependence of the enzyme activity on NADP⁺ followed a hyperbolic curve. K_m values and Hill coefficients for NADP⁺ were similar with both Mn²⁺ and Mg²⁺. The enzyme activity was strictly dependent on divalent cations and followed a sigmoidal curve at least for Mg²⁺. The enzyme had 4-fold higher affinity towards Mn²⁺ than towards Mg²⁺, the K_m values being 0.3 and 1.15 m M respectively. Of several tested organic acids, oxalate was the most effective inhibitor followed by oxaloacetate while succinate was the strongest activator.     

二苯乙烯苷通过抑制NF-κB的激活减轻MPP+诱导 的PC12细胞凋亡

目的:探讨2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-o-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystibene-2-o-β-D-glucoside,TSG)对1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(1-methy-4-phenylpyridinium,MPP+)诱导PC12细胞凋亡的影响及其可能机制。方法:四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色试验检测PC12细胞活性;Hoechst33258染色法测定细胞凋亡;Westernblotting检测NF-κB(P65)和IκBα蛋白的表达。结果:MPP+(300μmol/L)作用于PC12细胞24h后,与正常对照组比较,细胞存活率降低(53.3±3.4%)(P<0.01);细胞染色质固缩,细胞核呈致密浓染。TSG(1,5,10μmol/L)预处理24h后,细胞存活率增加(60.8±1.9%),(70.1±1.8%)(P<0.01),(81.2±1.9%)(P<0.01);细胞核凝聚明显减少,且具有量一效关系。另外,MPP+可使PC12细胞核中NF-κB(P65)蛋白表达升高,细胞浆中IκBα蛋白表达降低;与MPP+处理组细胞相比,TSG预处理后,PC12细胞核中高表达的NF-κB(P65)蛋白水平明显降低,细胞浆中低表达的IκBα蛋白水平升高。结论:TSG对MPP+诱导的PC12细胞凋亡具有浓度依赖性的抑制作用,其作用机制可能与抑制NF-κB的激活有关。     

Active calcium transport via coupling between the enzymatic and the ionophoric sites of Ca2+ + Mg2+-ATPase

The 20K dalton fragment of Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺-ATPase obtained from the tryptically digested sarcoplasmic reticulum has been further purified using Bio-Gel P-100. This removed low-molecular-weight UV-absorbing and positive Lowry-reacting contaminants. The ionophoric activity of the 20K fragment in both oxidized cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol membranes is unaltered by this further purification. The 20K selectivity sequence in phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol membranes is Ba²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Sr²⁺ > Mn²⁺ Mg²⁺. Digestion of intact sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with trypsin, which results in the dissection of the hydrolytic site (30K) from the ionophoric site (20K), is shown to disrupt energy transduction between ATP hydrolysis and calcium transport. This further implicates the 20K dalton fragment as a calcium transport site. These data and previous evidence are discussed in terms of a proposed model for the ATPase molecular structure and the mechanism of cation transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum.     

Varietal variation in uptake and utilization of potassium (rubidium) in high-salt seedlings of barley

Seedlings of eleven varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) showed differences in utilization of K⁺ from a full nutrient solution containing 3.0 mM K⁺. The K⁺ content of both roots and shoots was proportional to the fresh weights and dry weights after a week in the nutrient solution. The K⁺ use-efficiency ratio, which indicates the efficiency of nutrient utilization (mg dry weight produced per mg K⁺ absorbed), differed significantly among the varieties. There was no correlation between influx of Rb⁺ and the content of K⁺. It is suggested that there are wide varietal differences in such genetically-determined properties as ion influx and efflux and net ion transport to the shoot. Further-more, the influx of Rb⁺ was closely linked to transpiration, probably due to a variety-specific non-metabolic part of Rb⁺ influx. Varietal differences in influx of Rb⁺ were more pronounced in high-K⁺ roots than in low-K⁺ roots with maximum rate of Rb⁺ uptake, but the rank of varieties was the same in each case. – Criteria for the selection of K⁺ use-efficient varieties of barley are discussed.     

Cu+的转运体系

铜是生物体内必需的营养元素,参与体内许多生化反应。细胞膜上的蛋白质和细胞质内可溶性多肤(即分子伴侣)参与了铜离子的跨越细胞膜的转运和细胞内的定位。铜离子被CTR系统转运进入细胞后,主要有三类分子伴侣——ATxl、Coxl7、LYS7介导铜离子在细胞内的运输与定位。每一种分子伴侣都特异性地识别靶分子。细胞膜上和细胞质内的转运体系发生突变,将会诱发很多疾病。近年来,随着对某些疾病机理的深入揭示,人们越来越重视对铜离子异常代谢所引起的疾病的研究。