PCR-DGGE指纹图谱技术分析2型糖尿病模型小鼠胃微生物菌群结构

糖尿病患者多出现胃肠道功能紊乱,如急性胃炎、胃溃疡,以及胃动力低下,胃排空延迟、胃内细菌过度滋长等,进一步导致肠道疾病。研究糖尿病胃内容物菌群结构变化对研究糖尿病发病机理及并发症治疗具有重要意义。该项研究采用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术,对10只2型糖尿病模型小鼠及10只正常对照小鼠进行胃内容物和粘膜样本菌群结构研究。结果表明,实验组小鼠与对照组小鼠胃内容物和粘膜菌群条带数、多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数与优势度指数均无显著差异,且相似度系数差异不明显。而特异条带测序结果显示正常小鼠胃内含乳杆菌,实验组小鼠胃内乳杆菌含量很低甚至检测不到。提示胃内乳杆菌与2型糖尿病密切相关。     

2型糖尿病BKS-DB小鼠的小肠菌群结构差异性分析

研究肠道中的微生物群落与糖尿病之间的关系,对于预防治疗糖尿病具有十分重要的意义.以10只2型糖尿病小鼠和10只健康小鼠为对象,通过PCR-DGGE(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient geleletrophoresis)分子技术分析小鼠小肠菌群结构.实验结果显示,实验组小鼠与对照组小鼠在多样性指数、丰富度指数及优势度指数上存在差异,对照组小鼠小肠内容物的菌群种类及数量明显高于实验组小鼠;而两组小鼠的小肠内容物的优势菌种类及相对含量却相似.特异性条带测序结果显示,正常小鼠小肠内含有乳杆菌,而实验组小鼠小肠内含量很低,甚至检测不到.该结果提示了乳杆菌和2型糖尿病之间的关系.     

OVA诱导小鼠哮喘模型及 DXM干预肺部菌群变化

目的了解OVA诱导的小鼠哮喘模型及地塞米松(DXM)干预后肺部菌群变化。方法构建BABL/c小鼠哮喘及DXM干预模型,通过无菌环境下肺组织切除提取肺部菌群DNA,利用Illumina MiSeq测序平台,对细菌的16SrDNA基因V4区进行高通量测序,并对测序结果进行生物信息学分析。结果 (1)模型组BALF(支气管肺泡灌洗液)中嗜酸性粒细胞及无创通气Penh值明显增高,给予DXM干预后降低;(2)α多样性指数比较显示,chao1指数和shannon指数在模型组中无明显变化,但simpson指数明显下降;(3)模型组变形菌门(其中的假单胞菌属和苍白杆菌属)丰度明显升高,厚壁菌门(其中芽胞杆菌属、乳杆菌属、青枯菌属、肉食杆菌属、类芽胞杆菌属和气球菌属)、拟杆菌门丰度下降;DXM干预后上述菌群丰度恢复至对照组水平。结论小鼠哮喘状态下肺部菌群发生紊乱,DXM干预后恢复。     

高脂血症患者肠道优势菌群与血清脂质水平相关性研究

目的探讨高脂血症患者肠道优势菌群变化及其与血清脂质水平的相关性。方法高脂血症患者及健康受试者各50例,采集其空腹血清样本和粪便样本,血清样本用于检测血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油-二酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）的含量。应用实时定量PCR技术检测肠道内优势菌群的含量,并将其与血清脂质水平进行相关性分析。结果高脂血症患者肠道内总细菌量及拟杆菌属细菌较健康受试者组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而双歧杆菌属细菌、乳杆菌属细菌及粪杆菌属细菌较健康受试者明显降低（P〈0．05）,肠杆菌科细菌和肠球菌属细菌较健康受试者明显升高（P〈0．05）。高脂血症患者血清Tc与双歧杆菌属细菌、乳杆菌属细菌和粪杆菌属细菌呈现显著负相关,而与肠杆菌科细菌和肠球菌属细菌呈现显著正相关;血清LDL—C与双歧杆菌属细菌和粪杆菌属细菌呈现显著负相关,而与肠球菌属细菌呈现显著正相关;血清TG与双歧杆菌属细菌和乳杆菌属细菌呈现显著负相关,而与肠杆菌科细菌和肠球菌属细菌呈现显著正相关。结论高脂血症患者肠道优势菌群发生了明显的变化,血清脂质水平与肠道优势菌群变化具有显著相关性,提示肠道优势菌群结构的调整可改善患者血清脂质水平。     

水溶性壳聚糖对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的应用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术研究水溶性壳聚糖对正常小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法使用SPF级昆明小鼠18只,随机分为3组,每组6只,依次为正常对照组(NC)、水溶性壳聚糖高(WSC-H)和低浓度组(WSC-L),灌服对应药物30d后收取鼠便,细菌基因组DNA提取,PCR-DGGE电泳得到肠道菌群图谱,计算菌群结构多样性指数,聚类分析相似性并鉴定优势条带序列。结果水溶性壳聚糖处理后小鼠肠道菌群结构发生改变,多样性指数、丰富度和均匀度较低,乳杆菌成为肠道中的优势菌型。结论水溶性壳聚糖能够增加肠道中乳杆菌的种类和数量,起到益生元的作用来调节肠道微生态平衡。     

定量PCR比较两种苦瓜制品对人肠道菌群结构的体外调节作用

目的通过体外厌氧培养联合定量PCR的方法比较两种不同的苦瓜制品,苦瓜全粉（Bitter melon power。BMP）和苦瓜乙醇提取物（Bitter melon ethanol extract,BME）,对健康人和2型糖尿患者肠道菌群结构的调节作用。方法采集一名健康个体和一名2型糖尿病个体的新鲜粪便样品,在体外厌氧的条件下与不同浓度的BMP或BME共培养,收集0、12、24、48h的菌体沉淀。采用定量PCR的方法,检测乳杆菌属细菌、双歧杆菌属细菌、丁酸盐产生菌、硫酸盐还原菌和肠杆菌科细菌这5类细菌在总菌中相对含量的变化。结果培养过程中,双歧杆菌属细菌、硫酸盐还原菌和肠杆菌科细菌在两名个体培养样本中表现出类似的生长趋势,而乳杆菌属细菌和丁酸盐产生菌则有差异。相同培养时间下,与对照组相比,BMP和BME在两名个体的培养样本中均能富集乳杆菌属细菌、双歧杆菌属细菌和丁酸盐产生菌,并抑制肠杆菌科细菌,但是只有BMP15mg／mL能持续抑制硫酸盐还原菌。相同浓度之下,BMP对菌群结构的调节效果比BME显著。结论来自不同个体的相同肠道细菌类群可能呈现不同的体外生长趋势,但BMP和BME均能对同一细菌类群起到类似的调节作用;且相较于BME,BMP通过富集一些有益细菌并抑制机会致病细菌从而改善肠道菌群结构的效果更显著。     

基于16S rDNA测序分析枳术丸水煎液对慢传输型便秘脾虚证模型小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 基于16S rDNA测序分析慢传输型便秘（STC）脾虚证小鼠肠道菌群结构特征，初步探讨枳术丸对STC肠道菌群的可能干预机制。方法 40只小鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、枳术丸组与莫沙必利组。造模组（模型组、枳术丸组与莫沙必利组）采用番泻叶灌胃，随后控制饮食饮水采用饥饱失常的方法造成脾虚便秘小鼠模型。造模成功后，枳术丸组给予中药水煎剂灌胃，莫沙必利组给予莫沙必利悬浊液灌胃，正常组与模型组给予蒸馏水灌胃。连续给药7 d后测定小鼠肠道推进率和血清D-木糖水平，采集小鼠结肠内粪便进行16S rDNA检测，分析样本菌群的多样性与丰度，分析门、属、种水平的物种组成。结果模型组肠道菌群丰富度指数（Chao1指数）与多样性指数（Shannon指数）较正常组均显著降低（P<0.05），说明STC发病过程中伴随肠道菌群物种丰富度水平和菌群物种数目的降低以及菌群多样性水平的降低。在门水平上，正常组与模型组均以厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为主；在属水平上，模型组肠鼠杆菌属（Muribaculum）、拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）、乳杆菌属（Lactoba...     

链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠模型肠道菌群变化

目的观察链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导糖尿病大鼠模型肠道菌群结构和丰度的变化。方法雄性SD大鼠25只,随机分为对照组(C)10只、模型组(M)15只。模型组腹腔注射3%的STZ,剂量30 mg/(kg·bw),连续5 d。成模后每月测量体重、血糖等指标。模型成立4周和12周时,分别在同一时间取各组大鼠的新鲜直肠粪便。在Illumina高通量测序平台上对粪便样本中细菌16S r DNA-V3区进行测序,对肠道菌群结构、丰度进行定量分析。结果模型组和对照组获得的优化序列数差异无显著性(P0.05)。模型组动物肠道菌群的相对丰度指数(Chao1)、多样性指数Shannon与对照组比较降低(P0.05),Simpson指数与对照组比较升高(P0.05)。在门水平,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)、软壁菌门(Tenericutes)、TM7、放线菌门(Actinobacter)相对丰度降低(P0.05)。在属水平,造模4周,模型组乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度降低(P0.05);拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)相对丰度升高(P0.05)。造模12周,模型组乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)相对丰度升高(P0.05);双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)相对丰度降低(P0.05)。结论 STZ诱导的SD大鼠糖尿病动物肠道菌群的丰度和多样性降低,为糖尿病与肠道菌群关系研究提供参考。     

罗伊乳杆菌对小鼠血清细胞因子含量和 肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨罗伊乳杆菌对小鼠免疫力及肠道菌群的影响。方法将50只昆明系小鼠按体重随机分成5组:空白对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组和发酵上清液组。空白对照组灌胃等量生理盐水,其余各组分别灌胃罗伊乳杆菌菌液及发酵液上清21d后,眼球取血收集血清,采用ELISA法检测IL-2、IFN-γ、IgA和IgG含量;采用16SrRNA基因高通量测序分析小鼠肠道菌群变化。结果与对照组相比,其余各组小鼠血清IL-2、IFN-γ、IgA和IgG的水平均明显升高,粪便菌群丰度有所增高,多样性降低。与对照组相比,低剂量组和中剂量组小鼠粪便菌群结构无显著差异,而高剂量组和发酵上清液组小鼠粪便菌群结构差异显著。结论罗伊乳杆菌可以增强小鼠免疫力,提高菌群丰度,改变小鼠肠道菌群结构。     

鲍鱼内脏酶解物可调节肠道菌群及短链脂肪酸缓解小鼠系统低度炎症

为探究鲍鱼内脏酶解物对辣椒素诱导的系统低度炎症模型小鼠炎性因子、肠道菌群及短链脂肪酸的影响,将30只雄性小鼠随机分为6组：空白对照组、辣椒素致炎模型组、鱼油对照组、鲍鱼内脏酶解物低、中、高剂量组（0.30、0.60、1.20 g /(kg·d)）,干预7 d后,ELISA法检测小鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）,鲎试剂法测定小鼠血清中细菌脂多糖（LPS）的含量,16S rRNA基因高通量测序和生物信息学方法考察小鼠肠道菌群的结构组成,GC-MS法测定小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸的含量。结果显示,辣椒素模型组小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6和LPS含量显著升高,肠道菌群OTUs数显著降低,菌群各门、属水平比例存在显著变化,其中寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）和棒状杆菌属(Corynebactrium)等有害相对丰度显著增加,粪便中的乙酸、丙酸以及总短链脂肪酸含量显著降低,异戊酸含量显著升高,而经鲍鱼内脏酶解物干预后,小鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6和LPS含量显著降低,肠道中乳杆菌属（Lacbobacillus）、阿洛巴氏菌属(Allobaculum)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)等短链脂肪酸产生相关细菌的相对丰度显著增加,寡养单胞菌属和棒状杆菌属相对丰度显著降低,乙酸、丙酸和总短链脂肪酸的含量显著升高,异戊酸含量显著降低。鲍鱼内脏酶解物可以调节肠道菌群结构和肠道短链脂肪酸组成缓解机体系统低度炎症反应。     

In Vitro Communities Derived from Oral and Gut Microbial Floras Inhibit the Growth of Bacteria of Foreign Origins

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to trillions of microbes. Within the same GI tract, substantial differences in the bacterial species that inhabit the oral cavity and intestinal tract have been noted. While the influence of host environments and nutritional availability in shaping different microbial communities is widely accepted, we hypothesize that the existing microbial flora also plays a role in selecting the bacterial species that are being integrated into the community. In this study, we used cultivable microbial communities isolated from different parts of the GI tract of mice (oral cavity and intestines) as a model system to examine this hypothesis. Microbes from these two areas were harvested and cultured using the same nutritional conditions, which led to two distinct microbial communities, each with about 20 different species as revealed by PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. In vitro community competition assays showed that the two microbial floras exhibited antagonistic interactions toward each other. More interestingly, all the original isolates tested and their closely related species displayed striking community preferences: They persisted when introduced into the bacterial community of the same origin, while their viable count declined more than three orders of magnitude after 4 days of coincubation with the microbial flora of foreign origin. These results suggest that an existing microbial community might impose a selective pressure on incoming foreign bacterial species independent of host selection. The observed inter-flora interactions could contribute to the protective effect of established microbial communities against the integration of foreign bacteria to maintain the stability of the existing communities.     

阴道微生态宏基因组学研究进展

女性阴道内寄居着多种微生物群落,这些微生物种群间的平衡状态与妇女阴道疾病的发生密切相关。鉴定女性阴道菌群结构多样性的特征,有助于了解其在阴道疾病发生和转归中所发挥的作用。目前基于16SrRNA的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)及宏基因组相关技术在微生物群落研究中被广泛运用,这不仅可以帮助人们最大程度地获得阴道菌群的宏基因组信息,还可有效弥补单纯微生物培养法所产生的实验数据不充足等弊端。本文对阴道微生物菌群多样性的研究中应用的宏基因组学技术如基因测序、变性/温度梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE/TGGE)、分子克隆、末端限制性酶切长度多态性(T-RFLP)等进行综述。     

Spatial distribution and stability of the eight microbial species of the altered schaedler flora in the mouse gastrointestinal tract

The overall complexity of the microbial communities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of mammals has hindered observations of dynamics and interactions of individual bacterial populations. However, such information is crucial for understanding the diverse disease-causing and protective roles that gut microbiota play in their hosts. Here, we determine the spatial distribution, interanimal variation, and persistence of bacteria in the most complex defined-flora (gnotobiotic) model system to date, viz., mice colonized with the eight strains of the altered Schaedler flora (ASF). Quantitative PCR protocols based on the 16S rRNA sequence of each ASF strain were developed and optimized to specifically detect as few as 10 copies of each target. Total numbers of the ASF strains were determined in the different regions of the GI tracts of three C.B-17 SCID mice. Individual strain abundance was dependent on oxygen sensitivity, with microaerotolerant Lactobacillus murinus ASF361 present at 10(5) to 10(7) cells/g of tissue in the upper GI tract and obligate anaerobic ASF strains being predominant in the cecal and colonic flora at 10(8) to 10(10) cells/g of tissue. The variation between the three mice was small for most ASF strains, except for Clostridium sp. strain ASF502 and Bacteroides sp. strain ASF519 in the cecum. A comparison of the relative distribution of the ASF strains in feces and the colon indicated large differences, suggesting that fecal bacterial levels may provide a poor approximation of colonic bacterial levels. All ASF strains were detected by PCR in the feces of C57BL/6 restricted flora mice, which had been maintained in an isolator without sterile food, water, or bedding for several generations, providing evidence for the stability of these strains in the face of potential competition by bacteria introduced into the gut.     

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B stimulates expansion of autoreactive T cells that induce apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells: regulation of autoreactive responses by IL-10

T cell responses to self Ags and normal microbial flora are carefully regulated to prevent autoreactivity. Because IL-10-deficient mice develop colitis, and this response is triggered by luminal flora, we investigated whether IL-10 regulates the ability of microbial Ags to induce autoreactive T cells that could contribute to intestinal inflammation. T cells from wild-type mice were primed with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in vitro, which induced an autoreactive proliferative response to syngeneic feeder cells. The cells were predominately CD3+ and CD4+. T cells from IL-10-deficient mice were constitutively autoreactive, and SEB priming enhanced this further. The autoreactive, proliferative response of T cells from wild-type mice was suppressed by IL-10 in the primary or secondary culture, and this effect was inhibited by neutralizing Abs to the IL-10R. To confirm that an autoreactive repertoire was expanded after SEB priming, we used CBA/J mice (Mls-1a) in which autoreactive T cells recognizing the endogenous viral superantigen are depleted (Vbeta6, 7, 8.1 TCR-bearing cells). However, SEB rescued these autoreactive T cell repertoires. Adding anti-MHC class II Ab blocked the autoreactive response. SEB-primed splenic or colonic T cells also induced apoptosis in syngeneic intestinal epithelial cells that was blocked significantly by IL-10. Thus, microbial Ags have the potential to abrogate self tolerance by stimulating autoreactive T cells that become cytolytic to target cells. IL-10 plays a protective role in maintaining self tolerance after microbial stimulation by preventing the activation of T cells that contribute to epithelial cell damage.     

Analysis of microbial diversity in tomato paste wastewater through PCR-DGGE

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the flora and the changes in the microbial communities during tomato paste wastewater treatment. The bio-analytical techniques like Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) analysis, and testing of mixed liquid and suspended solids (MLSS) were simultaneously conducted to analyze the dynamics of the microbial communities during tomato paste wastewater treatment process. The study suggests that the combined approaches of PCR-DGGE, ATP, and MLSS provided a simple and accurate method to evaluate the changes in microbial activity, microbial structure, and population size with the shift in contaminants in different treatment processes. The study also demonstrates that the structure and quantity of a microbial community are influenced by MLSS during the wastewater treatment process, which consequently determines the overall functionality of the system.     

Murine scent mark microbial communities are genetically determined

Scent marking in mice allows males to communicate information such as territory ownership, male competitive ability and current reproductive, nutritional, social and health status. It has been suggested that female mice eavesdrop on these olfactory cues, using them as a means of selecting mates with dissimilar major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, known as H2 in mice. The mechanisms underpinning MHC-dependent olfactory communication remain unresolved. Using congenic mouse strains and molecular methods we explore the involvement of the microbial communities, a known source of odourants, in scent marks to test the hypothesis that the microbial communities and hence the olfactory signals are genetically determined. Here we show that the indigenous microbial community of murine scent marks is genetically determined. Both background genotype and H2 haplotype influence the community structure of the scent mark flora, removing the possibility that community composition is solely orchestrated by the MHC. Qualitative and quantitative components of the bacterial community associated with MHC haplotype and background genotype were identified. The analyses confirm that the four groups of congenic mice tested are distinguishable on basis of the microbiology of their scent marks alone, strengthening the role of microorganisms in the development of MHC-dependent odours.     

Systemic control of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by CD8+ T cells and commensal microbiota

The composition of the intestinal microbial community is a distinctive individual trait that may divergently influence host biology. Because dendritic cells (DC) regulate the quality of the host response to microbiota, we evaluated DC in mice bearing distinct enteric microbial communities divergent for colitis susceptibility. Surprisingly, a selective, systemic reduction of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) was observed in isogenic mice with different microbiota: restricted flora (RF) vs specific pathogen free (SPF). This reduction was not observed in germfree mice, suggesting that the pDC deficiency was not simply due to a lack of intestinal microbial products. The microbial action was linked to cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, since pDC in RF mice were preserved in the CD8(-/-) and perforin(-/-) genotypes, partially restored by anti-CD8beta Ab, and augmented in SPF mice bearing the TAP(-/-) genotype. Direct evidence for pDC cytolysis was obtained by rapid and selective pDC depletion in SPF mice transferred with RF CD8(+) T cells. These data indicate that commensal microbiota, via CTL activation, functionally shape systemic immune regulation that may modify risk of inflammatory disease.     

黄芪多糖对微生态调节作用的物质基础研究初探

目的探讨黄芪多糖微生态调节作用的活性成分。方法采用水提醇沉法提取黄芪总多糖,三氯乙酸除蛋白,纯化后的多糖分别过中空纤维膜,分子量截留值为150、100、50、20、10和6 kDa,得到不同分子量级别的多糖。应用盐酸林可霉素灌胃建立肠道微生态失调小鼠模型,用不同分子量的7组黄芪多糖进行治疗,同时设正常对照组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组,于给药7 d后处死小鼠,进行各种药效学指标的测定。结果分子量由大到小的7组黄芪多糖占总糖比例依次为59.1%、0.9%、3.4%、9.4%、2.4%、5.3%和19.5%;7组多糖均有不同程度的扶植有益菌、抑制有害菌的作用,其中10～6 kDa多糖调节小鼠肠道微生态菌群平衡效果最好。结论经过药效学实验筛选出10～6kDa黄芪多糖对调节小鼠肠道菌群平衡具有重要作用,初步阐明了黄芪多糖微生态调节作用的物质基础。     

Spatial Distribution and Stability of the Eight Microbial Species of the Altered Schaedler Flora in the Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract

The overall complexity of the microbial communities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of mammals has hindered observations of dynamics and interactions of individual bacterial populations. However, such information is crucial for understanding the diverse disease-causing and protective roles that gut microbiota play in their hosts. Here, we determine the spatial distribution, interanimal variation, and persistence of bacteria in the most complex defined-flora (gnotobiotic) model system to date, viz., mice colonized with the eight strains of the altered Schaedler flora (ASF). Quantitative PCR protocols based on the 16S rRNA sequence of each ASF strain were developed and optimized to specifically detect as few as 10 copies of each target. Total numbers of the ASF strains were determined in the different regions of the GI tracts of three C.B-17 SCID mice. Individual strain abundance was dependent on oxygen sensitivity, with microaerotolerant Lactobacillus murinus ASF361 present at 10⁵ to 10⁷ cells/g of tissue in the upper GI tract and obligate anaerobic ASF strains being predominant in the cecal and colonic flora at 10⁸ to 10¹⁰ cells/g of tissue. The variation between the three mice was small for most ASF strains, except for Clostridium sp. strain ASF502 and Bacteroides sp. strain ASF519 in the cecum. A comparison of the relative distribution of the ASF strains in feces and the colon indicated large differences, suggesting that fecal bacterial levels may provide a poor approximation of colonic bacterial levels. All ASF strains were detected by PCR in the feces of C57BL/6 restricted flora mice, which had been maintained in an isolator without sterile food, water, or bedding for several generations, providing evidence for the stability of these strains in the face of potential competition by bacteria introduced into the gut.     

肠道菌群变化对实验小鼠肠黏膜免疫的影响

目的探讨肠道菌群变化对肠黏膜相关淋巴组织的影响。方法通过变性梯度凝胶电泳（Denatu-ring gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE）法研究了三种不同级别实验小鼠即清洁级小鼠、SPF小鼠和普通小鼠肠道菌群的组成,并用免疫组织化学（immunohistochemistry,IHC）方法研究了此三种不同级别的实验小鼠肠黏膜相关淋巴组织sIgA阳性细胞分布情况。结果普通小鼠肠道细菌种类最多,其sIgA阳性细胞分布最多,肠道不同部位之间sIgA分布情况差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,小肠和大肠之间的阳性细胞分布差异极显著（P〈0.01）;其次是清洁级小鼠,其肠道不同部位之间菌种组成差异无显著性,小肠和大肠之间的阳性细胞分布差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;SPF小鼠肠道细菌种类最少,故其sIgA阳性细胞分布最少,且其肠道不同部位之间菌种组成差异无显著性,小肠和大肠之间的阳性细胞分布差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论随着动物微生物控制级别的增高,肠道微生物多样性递减;sIgA阳性细胞与肠道细菌种类正相关。