茄病镰刀菌致足部透明丝孢霉病1例

目的报道1例茄病镰刀菌引起的足部透明丝孢霉病。方法询问病史及体检,取足部的皮损行皮肤病理检查、真菌培养及致病菌的形态学观察、鉴定。结果致病菌为茄病镰刀菌,给予局部病灶切除及伊曲康唑治疗,随访3个月,病灶明显缩小。结论本病例证实为茄病镰刀菌引起的足部透明丝孢霉病,经口服伊曲康唑及局部病灶切除治疗,疗效明显。     

桔青霉引起透明丝孢霉病1例及文献总结CSCD

报告1例由桔青霉(Penicillium citrinum)引起的透明丝孢霉病并对相关文献进行回顾分析。患者,女,55岁,因左前臂斑块、结节4个月余就诊。对患者皮损表面的皮屑进行真菌荧光镜检,镜下可见少许菌丝;手术取活检组织,同时病理检查、细菌培养及真菌培养,真菌培养阳性,组织病理结果提示感染性肉芽肿,经PAS染色可见组织内菌丝及孢子;提取源自活检组织的真菌DNA和源自蜡块组织的DNA,对ITS区扩增并通过测序比对鉴定为桔青霉,与形态学鉴定相符。微量液基稀释法测得伊曲康唑对此桔青霉的最低抑菌浓度为0.5μg/mL。诊断为桔青霉所致透明丝孢霉病,予伊曲康唑200 mg/d口服治疗1个月后明显改善。     

茄病镰刀菌致ICR小鼠局部皮肤感染的实验研究

目的建立茄病镰刀菌感染皮肤的ICR小鼠模型。方法将茄病镰刀菌三个不同浓度的菌悬液分别接种于正常和免疫抑制ICR小鼠受损及正常未受损的皮肤,于接种后第7、14、21、28天处死动物,取皮疹和各脏器进行真菌镜检、培养和组织病理学检查。结果正常和免疫抑制组皮肤受损的小鼠均出现皮疹,而免疫抑制组皮疹程度重,持续时间长,且真菌镜检、培养及组织病理学大都可见菌丝。皮肤未受损的小鼠不发生皮疹。实验小鼠均未出现系统播散。结论接种109CFU/mL或1010CFU/mL茄病镰刀菌的孢子悬液于免疫抑制ICR小鼠擦伤的皮肤,可有效造成ICR小鼠的茄病镰刀菌皮肤感染。     

皮肤播散型孢子丝菌病1例并文献复习

目的探讨皮肤播散型孢子丝菌病发生的病因、临床特点、诊断及鉴别诊断,以提高对该病的认识,避免误诊、误治。方法对1例以声嘶为首发表现的皮肤播散型孢子丝菌病的临床资料、组织病理、真菌培养结果进行分析,并进行相关文献复习。结果患者以声嘶为首发表现,3个月后出现全身散在皮下结节。结节逐渐增多,部分破溃伴脓血。咽部组织病理示鳞状上皮黏膜急慢性炎伴上皮乳头状增生,可见多核巨细胞,抗酸染色未查出阳性菌。皮损处脓液真菌镜检及培养阴性。病理符合感染性肉芽肿。组织真菌培养见孢子丝菌生长。诊断为皮肤播散型孢子丝菌病。结论皮肤播散型孢子丝菌病在免疫正常人群发病时容易导致误诊误治;皮损表面脓液真菌镜检及培养阳性率低。病变组织真菌培养有利于得到阳性结果,早日明确诊断和治疗。     

交织帚枝孢霉致透明丝孢霉病国内首例

目的报道国内首例交织帚枝孢霉致透明丝孢霉病。方法患者女,69岁,主因"左前臂结节9个月"就诊。取结节边缘组织进行病理学和真菌学检查。将组织接种于沙氏培养基、脑心培养基,并对培养物进行形态学及rDNA序列测定。结果组织病理下可见组织细胞肉芽肿及透明真菌孢子和菌丝。组织真菌培养阳性,菌落生长中等速度,为浅灰色绒毛状菌落。镜下见无色分枝分隔菌丝,分生孢子梗侧生,分生孢子长圆形,薄壁,1~2个隔。经DNA序列分析,与Sarocladium implicatum相似性100%。诊断为透明丝孢霉病,予硝酸舍他康唑乳膏外用及10%碘化钾溶液口服治疗,3个月后患者治愈。结论根据其形态学特点和DNA序列分析,菌株被鉴定为Sarocladium implicatum。该菌引起的透明丝孢霉病为国内首例报道,舍他康唑及碘化钾联合治疗本病效果显著。     

枝状枝孢引起皮肤暗色丝孢霉病1例

目的报道1例枝状枝孢引起的皮肤暗色丝孢霉病。方法采用10％KOH镜检、真菌培养、小培养、温度试验、明胶液化试验、体外药敏试验、组织病理检查。结果皮损脓液10％KOH镜检见有棕黄色分隔菌丝;沙堡弱培养基（SDA）培养出局限性、绒状、橄榄绿色菌落;马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基（PDA）小培养,孢梗多侧生于菌丝上,不分枝,产孢后不延伸、不膨大,淡褐色,具孢痕,枝孢呈长三角形,分生孢子顶生或侧生于其上,形成分枝的孢子链;最适应生长温度为25—27℃;能液化明胶。因此,本菌株符合枝状枝孢特征。而皮损组织病理显示真皮内弥漫性炎性细胞浸润以及肉芽肿病理相,伴有真菌菌丝孢子侵犯,诊断为皮肤暗色丝孢霉病。体外药敏试验结果显示本菌株对伊曲康唑敏感,给予患者口服0．4g／d,8周后皮损基本消退,目前仍在服药及随访。结论本病例的致病菌为枝状枝孢,选用伊曲康唑治疗有效。     

Fonsecaea monophora致着色芽生菌病1例

报道1例由Fonsecaea monophora所致的着色芽生菌病。患者男,72岁,因右肩部斑块20余年就诊,取皮损痂皮进行真菌镜检及培养,皮损组织做病理学检查,并对分离的菌株进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定。真菌直接镜检及组织病理HE染色均可见厚壁、棕色的硬壳小体。真菌培养可见黑褐色,绒毛状菌落生长。小培养可见枝孢型和喙枝孢型产孢,分生孢子单细胞性。ITS区序列分析鉴定为Fonsecaea monophora。给予特比萘芬250mg/d口服治疗,7个月后皮损痊愈。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对几种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性

枯草芽孢杆菌是目前国内外比较具有应用潜力的生防菌种之一。本文主要研究了枯草芽孢杆菌菌液对几种植物病原菌的菌丝抑制试验、菌丝形态影响试验以及分生孢子萌发抑制试验,了解枯草芽孢杆菌菌液对尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型、灰葡萄孢、茄病镰刀菌、大丽轮枝菌、麦根腐平脐蠕孢、尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用及抑菌机理。结果显示:枯草芽孢杆菌菌液对6种病原真菌的菌丝形态、菌丝生长、产孢和分生孢子萌发都有明显的破坏或抑制作用。用枯草芽孢杆菌菌液处理尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型、灰葡萄孢、茄病镰刀菌、大丽轮枝菌、麦根腐平脐蠕孢、尖孢镰刀菌后,在PDA培养基上均形成了明显的抑菌圈,直径达3. 00 cm左右;菌液处理后分生孢子的萌发率仅30%左右。显微镜观察发现,处理组菌丝生长异常,体表凹凸不平,局部膨大,分枝变多,原生质体外泄。研究表明枯草芽孢杆菌菌株对尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型、灰葡萄孢、茄病镰刀菌、大丽轮枝菌、麦根腐平脐蠕孢和尖孢镰刀菌有良好的抑制作用,并且可以有效控制尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型、灰葡萄孢、茄病镰刀菌、大丽轮枝菌、麦根腐平脐蠕孢和尖孢镰刀菌病害的发生。     

茄病镰刀菌性角膜炎树鼩模型的建立

目的采用临床分离的茄病镰刀菌感染树鼩角膜,建立茄病镰刀菌性角膜炎树鼩模型。方法茄病镰刀菌接种到沙保氏培养基,26℃培养箱培养7 d,收集真菌混悬液,血细胞计数板调整孢子数量为1×10~(10)CFU/m L。清洁级树鼩40只随机分为实验组(n=30)、对照组(n=10)。实验组用胰岛素针头(29 G)将真菌孢子混悬液50μL注入角膜基中央,对照组注入生理盐水50μL。通过前段照相、共聚焦显微镜检查、病理组织学变化、感染角膜组织培养对模型进行评价。结果真菌浸润范围、角膜上皮细胞和内皮细胞水肿程度、菌丝数量均与时间呈正相关;炎性细胞浸润数量造模后第7天达到高峰,以中性粒细胞为主;实验各时间点均可见菌丝平行于基质纤维生长;感染后角膜组织培养可见茄病镰刀菌生长;造模成功率为86%。结论采用基质注射茄病镰刀菌孢子的方法首次成功建立茄病镰刀菌性角膜炎树鼩模型。     

暗色丝孢霉病的临床及研究现况

暗色真菌（dematiaceous fungi）是指菌丝和（或）孢子的细胞壁具有黑色素样颜色的一组真菌,可引起人类皮肤甚至多种组织的感染。迄今尽管有的学者仍在使用“着色霉菌病（chromomycosis）”来命名所有的暗色真菌感染,然而自20世纪90年代已形成的共识是将暗色真菌感染主要分为着色芽生菌病（chromoblastomycosis）和暗色丝孢霉病（phaeohyphomycosis）两类独立的疾病。本文主要就暗色丝孢霉病的命名、病原学、流行病学、临床类型及分子生物学研究现况进行综述。     

Post traumatic subcutaneous mycosis due to Fusarium solani

We report the case of a subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis of a 24-year-old man, a rural worker with an ulcerative lesion in the right leg of approximately one year duration. It was caused by traumatic implantation of a yerba mate branch. The diagnosis was made by direct microscopic examination with 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and revealed several septate hyaline hyphae. It was confirmed by culture of several samples where Fusarium solani was isolated. The patient received local and systemic antifungal therapy. Therapeutic response could not be ascertained at any point in the disease.     

Evaluation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium solani</Emphasis> Hyphae and Conidia Susceptibility to Amphotericin B and Itraconazole: Study of a Clinical Case

Fusarium species are hyaline moulds belonging to the hyalohyphomycosis group that are usually found in the soil and plants. This organism has emerged as a cause of disseminated invasive disease. The correlation between in vitro value and clinical efficacy is low and many patients remain unresponsive to treatment despite in vitro susceptibility. We determined growth control for Fusarium solani using the BioCell-Tracer system that measures the growth rate of a single fungal hypha, and the effect of different concentrations of amphotericin B and itraconazole. The MIC for these two drugs was also determined by a broth microdilution technique, using RPMI 1640. Different MICs for amphotericin B were obtained by the two different methods. This paper describes a case of infection due to Fusarium solani in an allogeneic bone marrow transplanted patient, the microbiological diagnostic, antifungal susceptibility tests for conidia and hypha and clinical correlation.     

14例茄病镰刀菌所致角膜溃疡临床分析

目的探讨真菌性角膜溃疡的病原学特点、临床表现及抗真菌综合治疗的方法。方法对2004年10月-2006年10月送检的疑似感染的角膜标本进行镜检、培养及菌种鉴定。对其中14例病历资料完整的茄病镰刀菌所致角膜溃疡患者进行临床分析。结果在33例送检标本中分离出茄病镰刀菌24株（72．7％）。上述14例患者中,有3例角膜穿孔合并眼内炎行眼球内容物除去术,3例行结膜瓣或羊膜移植,1例角膜移植,7例经非手术治疗保留较好视力。结论茄病镰刀菌是我国北方真菌性角膜炎的主要致病菌,可导致视力严重受损且治愈困难。早期诊断配合以抗真菌为主的综合治疗可阻止病情进展,明显改善视力。     

温度对茄病镰刀菌生长情况及产孢量的影响

目的 探讨不同孵育温度对茄病镰刀菌生长状态的影响,为获得大量饱子寻找较好方案.方法 茄病镰刀菌按孵育温度不同分为6组,A组、B组、C组、D组、E组分别于20℃,25℃,30℃,35℃,37℃温箱黑暗孵育7d,F组于35℃温箱黑暗孵育3d再于25℃温箱黑暗孵育至7d,各组在培养24h,3d,5d,7d时分别用游标卡尺测量...     

Extracellular xylanase production by Fusarium species in solid state fermentation

Fusarium sp. has been shown to be a promising organism for enhanced production of xylanases. In the present study, xylanase production by 21 Fusarium sp. isolates (8 Fusarium culmorum, 4 Fusarium solani, 6 Fusarium verticillioides and 3 Fusarium equiseti) was evaluated under solid state fermentation (SSF). The fungal isolate Fusarium solani SYRN7 was the best xylanase producer among the tested isolates. The effects of some agriculture wastes (like wheat straw, wheat bran, beet pulp and cotton seed cake) and incubation period on xylanase production by F. solani were optimized. High xylanase production (1465.8 U/g) was observed in wheat bran after 96 h of incubation. Optimum pH and temperature for xylanase activity were found to be 5 and 50 degrees C, respectively.     

临床常见镰刀菌的鉴别

目的从分子生物学角度寻找一种快速准确鉴定临床常见镰刀菌的方法。方法将受试镰刀菌接种于PDA培养基,观察其菌落及镜下形态,在此基础上PCR扩增受试镰刀菌的rDNA ITS并测其序列,在GenBank核酸序列数据库进行同源序列搜索及分析。选择限制性内切酶Dra Ⅱ和Cfr13 Ⅰ进行RFLP。设计了茄病镰刀菌的种特异性引物Sol1、Sol2,初步验证其特异性。结果形态学鉴定结果显示,茄病镰刀菌所占比例最高,除2株串珠镰刀菌外,其余镰刀菌ITS序列分析的结果与形态学鉴定结果一致。茄病、层生和串珠镰刀菌的Dra Ⅱ、Cfr13 I酶切带形互不相同。用Sol1、Sol2扩增受试菌的rDNA ITS,只有茄病镰刀菌为阳性。结论rDNA ITS序列测定及其PCR-RFLP可用于初步鉴别几种临床常见镰刀菌,合适的种特异性引物可以初步快速鉴定茄病镰刀菌。     

Antifungal activity of rhizospheric bacteria

Fluorescent Pseudomonad spp. were isolated from the rhizosphere of potato plants (Algeria) by serial dilutions of rhizosphere soils on Kings B medium and were tested for their antifungal activity. The antifungal activity of the Pseudomonas isolated from Potatoes rhizosphere was tested against Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum in dual culture with bacteria on PDA. The Petri dish was divided into tow, on one the bacteria was spread and on the opposite side fungal plugs were inoculated and incubated for one week. Fourteen bacteria were isolated; only one isolate inhibited the growth of Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici with inhibition zones of 39.9, 33.7, 30.8, 19.9 and 22.5 mm respectively.     

Fig Endosepsis in Some Cultivated Varieties

This work was conducted in 2000–2001 on 10 varieties of edible figs in the Erbeyli Fig Research Institute (EFRI) of the Aydin province to determine the incidence of fig endosepsis caused by Fusarium spp. A total of 284 Fusarium spp. were isolated from 30 figs randomly collected from each of 10 cultivars. One hundred ninety-six pathogenic Fusarium isolates were identified as Fusarium verticillioides (formerly Fusarium moniliforme ) and 48 as Fusarium solani . The percentage of virulent and highly virulent isolates was 11.7 and 41.3 for F. verticillioides , 22.9 and 29.2 for F. solani , respectively. Regardless of cultivars, the relative virulence of F. solani isolates was found to be significantly higher than that of F. verticillioides. Two year studies showed that the incidence of pathogenic Fusarium isolates in fig cultivars was 19.7% in Bursa Siyahı, 15.2% in Sultan Selim, 13.5% in Morgüz, 12.7% in Beyaz Orak, 9.8% in Siyah İncir, 9% in Yeşilgüz, 7.4% in Sarı Lop (Syn. Calimyrna), 5.7% in Siyah Orak, 4.5% in Horasan and 2.5% in Sarı Zeybek.