浅论中学生物教师的教学语言

课堂教学离不开语言。任何好的方法、现代化的教学手段,甚至最优化的教学过程设计,都离不开教学语言的作用。因此,教学效果的好坏,是与教师的语言表达能力分不开的。从某种意义上说,课堂教学艺术首先是教学语言的艺术。作为一个优秀的生物教师来讲,他的教学语言特点,既有教师一般语言表达的共性,又有一些与生物学这门学科紧密联系的个性化的特点。1　教学语言的科学性和准确性1.1　要正确使用生物学名词和术语　生物学名词、术语量多难记,而且有一些相似的概念,例如“脂类”和“类脂”,“胚囊”和“囊胚”,“呼吸运动”和“呼吸作用”。把它…     

克隆加转基因,相得益彰

“克隆”一词是外来语 ,是由英文“ｃｌｏｎｅ”一词音译而来的。克隆这一生物学术语 ,曾被我国生物学者意译为“无性系” ,除了专业人员外很少有人知道这词。随着近年来的“外洋文化潮流”的盛行 ,特别是英国克隆羊“多莉”出世的消息 ,经新闻媒体炒作 ,使克隆一词家喻户晓老幼皆知 ,广为流传。现在连商店名字都有叫‘万克隆’、‘亿克隆’ ,想必是老板们也想把利润大大地克隆克隆。在生物学上 ,克隆可以作名词或动词用。克隆用作名词时含义有三 :１、在分子水平上 ,克隆通常指ＤＮＡ克隆。克隆的含义是运用生物学技术 ,对某一特定的ＤＮＡ…     

Co-oxidation的内涵及其应用

Co-oxidation是石油发酵研究中产生的一个术语,目前对它的翻译比较混乱,诸如“联合氧化”、“共轭氧化”、“伴同氧化”、“辅氧化”等都是Co-oxidation的同意异名。其中以“辅氧化”用得较多,考虑这可能与中译本《石油发酵》一书(科学出版社,1973)较早的大量使用了这个名词有关。我们在1972年翻译《石油发酵》时,     

六十年来生物防治概念的发展

<正> 生物防治(Biolosical control)这一科学术语已正式使用了六十年。它的定义似乎早已被有关工作者所熟知。然而,最近一个时期以来,由于植物保护工作有了很大进展,综合防治措施有了许多新项目,以致人们对生物防治的理解也有了一些不同认识。近来在一些有关专著中对“生物防治”往往附加“传统的”,“广义     

"生态环境"内涵界定探讨

“生态环境”是在中国使用频率较高的一个名词,由于一直没有明确而公认的定义,使用者往往误用,不利于今后理论研究和实践工作。本文追溯了生态环境概念的起源,对比分析了“生态环境”内涵的不同理解,基于生态学、环境科学理论,认为生态环境是以特定生物体(包括人类)为中心,多元复合生态系统各要素和生态关系的总和,强调生态系统的整体性、连续性、稳定性和协同进化性,以及在此基础上对主体提供的环境功能。     

浅谈生化名词的意音兼顾翻译法

我们向读者推荐本文。本刊一直重视“生物化学与分子生物学名词”译名的讨论,但断断续续,没有持之以恒。我们希望以本文为契机,能经常收到这方面的稿件,更愿有议论,甚至争论。经过审定的“生物化学与分子生物学名词”即将由《全国科学技术名词审定委员会》公布,其目的是为了更好地统一名词的译名和定名,以促进科学的交流和发展。许多名词因为定名晚了,而造成很大混乱。因此祈望广大读者更注意新名词的译名讨论。附带向读者推荐一本期刊——《中国科技术语》（由《全国科学技术名词审定委员会》主办,主编：路甬祥）,它是我国有权威性的刊物,内有较多的名词译名和定名,还有争论。[编者按]     

生物技术产业趋势

生物技术是以生物为主体的、内容广泛的生物加工过程,人们把它作为技术或工艺,目的就是为提高生产力,以缓和社会经济发展中急待解决的问题,特别是粮食和食品的匮乏;日益严重的环境污染如何治理,人类保健医疗水平怎样提高?这些也都期望在生物技术中寻找答案。所以,在生物技术这一新术语出现的时候,相应的产业也就应运而生了。然而,生物技术作为知识密集型的高技术,起初不可能受到传统的大公司的青睐。在美     

"学习环"在推理能力培养和生物学概念教学方面的应用

“学习环”是生物教学中一种非常有用和有效的教学方法,它由探究、术语介绍和概念应用三个环节组成。这种方法已经被证明了在培养学生推理能力和帮助学生建构概念方面有积极的作用。主要介绍了“学习环”的教学法以及其在培养学生推理能力和生物概念教学中的应用。     

肽抗生素研究进展及其应用前景

传统的抗生素大多为霉菌、放线菌的代谢产物。但近些年来的研究已经表明 ,一些植物、昆虫、两栖类、鸟和多种哺乳动物甚至人类等生物也能产生抗生素类物质。目前已经发现的这类物质已达 30 0多种以上。它们在生物界的广泛存在表明其是有机体防御系统进化的古老机制。早期将此类物质称为“防役素”(defencin) ,也有称为“抗菌肽”(antibacterialpeptides)的。近年来国际文献中趋向于使用“肽抗生素”( peptideantibiotics)一词 ,这是最贴切的 ,它既反应了肽抗生素的化学本质是一种“多肽” ,也反应了它是一种“抗生素” ,最容易为大众理解与…     

森林资源模型仿真研究

一、引言森林是自然生态的主体,是人类赖以生存的重要条件。现在许多国家已把森林生态环境的好坏作为文明建设的标志之一。人们已经逐渐认识到,森林不仅是重要的木材资源,而且     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV