沱江宽体华鳅繁殖特性

对2010年4~11月采集于沱江资中段的573尾宽体华鳅（Sinibotia reevesae）进行了繁殖特性研究。结果表明：宽体华鳅性腺发育分为6期,5月卵巢发育到Ⅳ期,精巢发育到Ⅴ期。繁殖期在5~8月,盛期为6~7月,可通过胸鳍和生殖孔差异辨别性别。繁殖群体雌雄性比为1︰1.15,2~3龄性成熟,性成熟最小年龄两性均为2龄,为补充群体占优势的繁殖群体。雄性（Ⅴ期）最小性成熟个体体长71 mm,体重5.43 g,成熟系数4.76%,雌性（Ⅲ期）最小性成熟个体体长76 mm,体重7.80 g,成熟系数1.46%。成熟卵巢中卵子大小基本一致,卵径分布为单峰型,属于单次产卵类型;繁殖群体体长76~120 mm,体重7.80~41.60 g;卵小,沉性,野生条件下胚胎发育需要流速较快的流水环境。     

萍乡肉红鲫的性腺发育研究

萍乡肉红鲫(Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp,Carassius auratus L.)是在江西省萍乡地区分布的天然三倍体鲫突变体经人工选育后获得的遗传性状基本稳定的后代,具有两性生殖和雌核生殖两种生殖方式.研究以F5代萍乡肉红鲫为材料,自孵化后每满1个月开始取性腺,观察了其卵巢1周年性成熟和精巢的发育过程,结果表明萍乡肉红鲫的性腺为1年成熟类型.卵巢发育进程町以分为6个时期,卵母细胞发育相应可分为6个时相.统计了卵巢成熟系数周年变化,体重为95 g左右的雌性萍乡肉红鲫,其成熟卵巢的成熟系数约为(11.73±2.8)%,成熟的卵母细胞内充满卵黄,相对怀卵量为(3018±310)粒/g.萍乡肉红鲫精巢属于小叶型,在精小叶中可观察到不同发育阶段的生殖细胞.由精原细胞分裂而来的仞级精母细胞经分裂增殖,产生次级精母细胞并最终发育成为精子.萍乡肉红鲫的精巢发育程序与普通鲫鱼和鲤鱼相似,卵巢和精巢的发育过程基本同步,孵化后50日龄内性腺分化不明显,到70日龄左右开始出现雌雄分化,3月龄发育为第1期,4-5月龄发育为第2期,6-7月龄发育至第3期,7-10月龄可见第4期卵巢,1年即可成熟产卵,精巢可排出精液.结果表明,该鲫鱼突变体的性腺发育与普通二倍体鲤(鲫)鱼的性腺发育方式类似.     

中华鳖性腺的发生与发育研究

为了揭示中华鳖性腺的发生与发育规律,在(32±0.5)℃温度下孵化鳖卵,72h时,从组织切片中可见原始生殖细胞移向中肠附近的内胚层;第5天生殖嵴形成;第13天性腺分化为皮质和髓质;第16天性腺开始分化为精巢或卵巢,至第22天时分化结束,形成精巢或卵巢.胚胎期、稚鳖和1龄鳖的性腺均呈短细管状,表面光滑,无色,胶状透明;2龄、3龄、4龄鳖的精巢呈长椭圆形.稚鳖的卵巢发育至卵原细胞期,组成精巢的曲细精管不明显,管内为精原细胞;1龄幼鳖的卵巢发育至初级卵泡期,精巢的曲细精管内精原细胞的数量增加;2龄和3龄鳖的卵巢处于生长卵泡期,3龄末的卵巢内可见到成熟卵泡,2龄鳖的曲细精管内出现初级精母细胞,3龄末的曲细精管开始出现精细胞和精子;4龄鳖的卵巢发育至成熟卵泡期,曲细精管内由管壁向管腔依次为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和精子.结果表明,在(32±0.5)℃温度下,鳖胚发育至22d时,精巢或卵巢形成;在自然条件下,中华鳖至4龄时,性腺才完全发育成熟.     

性腺发育不同阶段野生瓯江凤鲚肌肉营养成分的分析与评价

研究旨在针对不同性腺发育阶段(Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期)野生瓯江凤鲚(Coiliamystus)性腺发育情况和肌肉营养成分进行分析与评价。研究表明: 在雌、雄野生瓯江凤鲚性腺从Ⅰ期发育至Ⅴ期的过程中, 成熟系数呈现上升趋势, 凤鲚卵巢的GSI值是精巢GSI值的5倍。在卵巢发育Ⅰ—Ⅴ期, 粗脂肪含量显著下降, 粗蛋白和水分显著上升(P<0.05); 在精巢发育Ⅰ—Ⅴ期, 粗脂肪含量显著上升, 粗蛋白和水分显著下降(P<0.05), 灰分含量先升后降, 说明野生瓯江凤鲚在卵巢发育过程中脂肪为主要供能物质。雌凤鲚肌肉在卵巢发育Ⅰ—Ⅴ期显著上升(P<0.05), 雄凤鲚肌肉氨基酸含量在精巢发育Ⅰ—Ⅴ期显著下降(P<0.05)。但各性腺发育阶段氨基酸组成相对稳定, 雌、雄鱼肌肉总必需氨基酸/总氨基酸分别为(37.88±0.32)%—(41.66±0.44)%和(40.30±0.69)%—(40.94±0.29)%。依据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)标准, 不同性腺发育阶段的野生瓯江雌、雄凤鲚肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸, 第二限制性氨基酸均为甲硫氨酸(Met)和胱氨酸(Cys)。在卵巢发育Ⅰ—Ⅴ期, 性腺发育阶段含量最丰富的C16﹕0和C18﹕1呈下降趋势, 可能是作为主要的供能脂肪酸。多不饱和脂肪酸的主要脂肪酸DHA在卵巢发育中呈现先上升后下降趋势。在精巢发育Ⅰ—Ⅴ期, 多不饱和脂肪酸呈现下降趋势。因此, 在繁殖过程中, 野生瓯江凤鲚雌雄鱼的发育特征和肌肉营养组成变化规律及差异与生殖洄游产卵的繁殖习性密切相关。     

养殖Shi鱼性腺发育的研究

经激素处理和生态调控的养殖Ｓｈｉ鱼,能完成性腺发育的全过程,其可分为６个时期,卵细胞发育可相应分为６个时相。与其它鱼类不同,细胞中液泡最早出现在胞质的内缘而不是外缘。大、小核仁数随卵母细胞的发育而变化。成熟卵巢成熟系数为８．５４％￣１２．６４％。成熟期卵径为６２８．５￣８３５．３μｍ、精子头径为０．７４￣１．５５μｍ。达性成熟的Ｓｈｉ鱼,冬季卵巢为Ⅱ期、精巢为Ⅱ￣Ⅲ期。精、卵巢发育呈现出明显的不同     

长吻鮠的卵巢发育和周年变化及繁殖习性研究

本文报道了长吻卵巢发育与周年变化特点和繁殖习性。依外形和组织学特征,性成熟前至性成熟鱼卵巢的发育可分为卵原细胞期、单层滤泡期、卵黄泡期,卵黄充满期、成熟期和退化期６个时期,Ⅰ期性腺只存在于１龄内个体,Ⅱ期性腺持续２年左右,性成熟前发育至Ⅲ期,经Ⅳ、Ⅴ期发育至成熟并首次参与繁殖,最小性成熟个体３龄。性成熟后个体卵巢的发育只有后５个时期。繁殖期４—６月,产后卵巢很快退回到Ⅱ期,Ⅲ期卵巢越冬。一次产卵类型。卵壳膜源于滤泡细胞。卵粒的退化吸收分５步完成。     

西藏双须叶须鱼性腺发育的组织学观察

为丰富双须叶须鱼 (Ptychobarbus dipogon) 繁殖生物学,实验采用常规的石蜡切片及HE染色方法,对西藏双须叶须鱼的性腺发育及组织结构特征进行了研究,对双须叶须鱼人工繁殖成功具有重要的理论意义。结果表明:双须叶须鱼卵母细胞发育过程可分为5个时期,其卵巢发育可分为6个时期,在第Ⅴ期卵巢中,小卵和大卵数量比例为1.38 鲶1,存在败育现象。雌性卵母细胞在第3时相卵黄颗粒和滤泡;第4时相卵母细胞中卵黄颗粒数量迅速增多,细胞核向动物极移动;第5时相卵母细胞中卵黄颗粒融合成片,卵细胞与滤泡膜分离并游离于卵巢腔中。双须叶须鱼精巢为小叶型,其生殖细胞可分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子,其精巢发育也分为6个时期。双须叶须鱼属于分批同步产卵鱼类。     

西藏双须叶须鱼性腺发育的组织学观察（英文）

为丰富双须叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus dipogon)繁殖生物学,实验采用常规的石蜡切片及HE染色方法,对西藏双须叶须鱼的性腺发育及组织结构特征进行了研究,对双须叶须鱼人工繁殖成功具有重要的理论意义。结果表明:双须叶须鱼卵母细胞发育过程可分为5个时期,其卵巢发育可分为6个时期,在第Ⅴ期卵巢中,小卵和大卵数量比例为1.38鲶1,存在败育现象。雌性卵母细胞在第3时相卵黄颗粒和滤泡;第4时相卵母细胞中卵黄颗粒数量迅速增多,细胞核向动物极移动;第5时相卵母细胞中卵黄颗粒融合成片,卵细胞与滤泡膜分离并游离于卵巢腔中。双须叶须鱼精巢为小叶型,其生殖细胞可分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子,其精巢发育也分为6个时期。双须叶须鱼属于分批同步产卵鱼类。     

中国结鱼性腺发育的组织学观察

采用石蜡组织切片法,对澜沧江特有鱼类中国结鱼的性腺发育进行组织学观察,系统地描述了各期卵巢和精巢的形态结构、特征及变化。中国结鱼的卵巢和精巢的发育均分为6个时期,卵巢中共有5个时相的卵母细胞,精巢中有5种形态的生殖细胞。第2时相末期到第3时相早期卵母细胞的细胞质中出现卵黄核,细胞核中的核仁出现外排现象,核仁的外排物可能与核周的颗粒卵黄的形成有关。中国结鱼的精巢属于小叶型结构。     

养殖鲥鱼性腺发育的研究

经激素处理和生态调控的养殖鲥鱼,能完成性腺发育的全过程,其可分为６个时期,卵细胞发育可相应分为６个时相。与其它鱼类不同,细胞中液泡最早出现在胞质的内缘而不是外缘。大、小核仁数随卵母细胞的发育而变化。成熟卵巢成熟系数为８５４％～１２６４％。成熟期卵径为６２８５～８３５３μｍ、精子头径为０７４～１５５μｍ。达性成熟的鲥鱼,冬季卵巢为Ⅱ期、精巢为Ⅱ～Ⅲ期。精、卵巢发育呈现出明显的不同步现象。前者５月底开始进入成熟期,后者７月初进入成熟期。初级卵母细胞由Ⅱ时相发育到Ⅳ时相基本上是同步的。第Ⅳ期卵巢卵径的频率仅出现１个高峰。养殖鲥鱼属１年１次产卵类型。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).