虎天牛族中国六新纪录种(鞘翅目,天牛科,天牛亚科)

共记述了绿虎天牛属Chlorophorus Chevrolat中国1新纪录种,横纹绿虎天牛Chlorophorus copiosus Holzschuh;艳虎天牛属Rhaphuma Pascoe中国2新纪录种,回纹艳虎天牛Rhaphuma lanzhui Holzschuh和箭纹艳虎天牛Rhaphuma illicata Holzschuh;刺虎天牛属Demonax T homson中国3新纪录种,断纹刺虎天牛Demonax traudae Holzschuh,蔷薇刺虎天牛Demonax rosae Holzschuh和格氏刺虎天牛Demonax gertrudae Holzschuh。研究标本保存在西南大学昆虫标本馆。     

Contributions to the taxonomy of Sabellidae (Polychaeta)

The genus Potamilla Malmgren is particularly characterized by dorsal lips which lack any radiolar midrib; Pseudopotamilla Bush by compound radiolar eyes, dorsal collar lappets and flanges alongside the bases of the most dorsal radioles; Demonax Kinberg by a wide dorsal collar gap and companion setae with big heads and narrow blades; and Potamethus Chamberlin by an elongated first segment, enlarged ventral sacs, very long shafts to the thoracic uncini, and inferior abdominal setae much shorter than the superior ones. Perkinsiana gen. nov . lacks most of these characters, but the type species 'Potamilla' rubra Langerhans is remarkable in having red blood. It bores into limestone abundantly off S Wales and is here redescribed. Oriopsis hynensis sp. nov . from SW Ireland has a smooth collar set low on the first segment, with its ventral margin entire and free from the apex of the peristome. The new name Demonax langerhansi is proposed for Sabella (Potamilla) incerta Langerhans non Demonax incertus Kinberg.     

Diversity of reproductive features in some Antarctic polynoid and sabellid polychaetes, with a description of Demonax polarsterni sp. n. (Polychaeta, Sabellidae)

The Polynoidae and Sabellidae represent two polychaete families with contrasting life habits and different phylogenetic constraints. Species of both families studied in this work were collected on the shelf of the Eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica) during the EASIZ-I (1996) and EASIZ-II (1998) expeditions. Among the Polynoidae, three different species of the genus Harmothoe were observed to brood eggs under the dorsal elytra, which is an uncommon feature in this family. The egg size of all brooding taxa ranged between 120 and 216 µm. Three Sabellidae species were studied: Myxicola cf sulcata is gonochoric with eggs among the largest (up to 1000 µm) recorded for the sabellids. Eggs, as well as larvae, are incubated within the branchial crown, a feature newly discovered for the genus Myxicola. Demonax polarsterni n. sp. (a newly discovered taxon) and Euchone pallida are gonochoric and possess relatively large eggs (350 µm and 270 µm, respectively). In comparison with cogeneric species of temperate areas, the Antarctic Sabellidae have larger egg dimensions and egg brooding that seems unconstrained by adult size.     

Recent introduction of the dominant tunicate,Pyura praeputialis (Urochordata,Pyuridae) to Antofagasta,Chile

The large sessile tunicate Pyura stolonifera (Pleurogona: Stolibranchiata: Pyuridae), has been regarded as a complex taxon with disjointed distributions, including Australia (Pyura stolonifera praeputialis), South Africa (Pyura stolonifera stolonifera) and South America (Chile, Antofagasta: Pyura sp., the 'piure de Antofagasta'), and has been cited under at least five taxonomic combinations. The 'piure de Antofagasta' is a competitively dominant species in rocky intertidal habitats and shows a limited geographical range (60-70 km) exclusively inside the Bay of Antofagasta. Using cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial sequence data from Pyura specimens of the three taxa we tested whether the Chilean taxon represents: (i) a Gondwana relict; (ii) a more recently divergent species; or (iii) a recently introduced species. The results suggest that the Chilean taxon is a recent introduction to Chile from Australian populations and that Pyura stolonifera praeputialis, from Australia, and the 'piure de Antofagasta' are geographical populations of a single species: Pyura praeputialis; whereas the South African taxon represents a second species: Pyura stolonifera.     

Fat, muscles, and wages

Recent studies in health economics have generated two important findings: that as a measure of fatness the body mass index (BMI) is biased; and that, when it comes to analyzing wage correlates, both fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat (BF) are better suited to the task. We validate these findings for Germany using the BIAdata Base Project and the German Socio-Economic Panel. While we find no significant correlation between BMI and wages in any of our models, simple linear regression models featuring both contemporary and time-lagged fatness measures indicate that FFM and, to a lesser extent, BF are associated with hourly wages: more specifically, the relationship between FFM/BF and hourly wages is about two to three times higher for females than for males. In contrast, fixed-effects models indicate that there is no correlation between hourly wages and both FFM and BF with one exception: a significant correlation (and one in line with expectations) is found to be the rule among job changers.     

Super-motifs and evolution of tandem leucine-rich repeats within the small proteoglycans--biglycan, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin, PRELP, keratocan, osteoadherin, epiphycan, and osteoglycin

Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) with 20-30 amino acids in unit length are present in many proteins from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. The LRR-containing proteins include a family of nine small proteoglycans, forming three distinct subfamilies: class I contains biglycan/PG-I and decorin/PG-II; class II: lumican, fibromodulin, PRELP, keratocan, and osteoadherin; and class III: epiphycan/PG-Lb and osteoglycin or osteoinductive factor. Comparative sequence analysis of the 34 available protein sequences reveals that these proteoglycans have two types of LRRs, which we call S and T. The type S LRR is 21 residues long and has the consensus sequence of xxaPzxLPxxLxxLxLxxNxI. The type T LRR has 26 residues; its consensus sequence is zzxxaxxxxFxxaxxLxxLxLxxNxL. In both "x" indicates variable residue; "z" is frequently a gap; "a" is Val, Leu, or Ile; and I is Ile or Leu. These type S and TLRRs are ordered into two super-motifs--STT with about 73 residues in classes I and II and ST with about 47 residues in class III. The 12 LRRs in the small proteoglycans of I and II are best represented as (STT)4; the seven LRRs of class III as (ST)T(ST)2. Our analyses indicate that classes I/II and III evolved along different paths after the establishment of the precursor ST, and classes I and II also diverged after the establishment of the precursor (STT)4.     

Clinical translation of MS-based,quantitative plasma proteomics: status,challenges, requirements,and potential

Introduction: Aided by the advent of advanced mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies and methodologies, quantitative proteomics has emerged as a viable technique to capture meaningful data for candidate biomarker evaluation. To aid clinical translation, these methods generally utilize a bottom-up strategy with isotopically labeled standards and a targeted form of MS measurement.

Areas covered: This article reviews the status, challenges, requirements, and potential of translating current, MS-based methods to the clinical laboratory. The described methods are discussed and contrasted within a fit-for-purpose approach, while different resources for quality control, quantitative analysis, and data interpretation are additionally provided.

Expert commentary: Although great strides have been made over the past five years in developing reliable quantitative assays for plasma protein biomarkers, it is crucial for investigators to have an understanding of the clinical validation process, a major roadblock in translational research. Continued progress in method design and validation of protein assays is necessary to ultimately achieve widespread adoption and regulatory approval.     

The early/late Pliocene ichthyofauna from Koro-Toro, Eastern Djurab, Chad

This is the first extensive study of a freshwater fish fauna from the Pliocene site of Koro-Toro (Chad), aged 3.58 ± 0.27 Ma. The assemblage includes an abafish (Mormyriformes, Gymnarchidae: Gymnarchus), a tigerfish (Characiformes, Alestidae: Hydrocynus), six different catfishes (Siluriformes, Ariidae: Carlarius; Bagridae: Bagrus; Claroteidae: Clarotes and Auchenoglanis; Mochokidae: Synodontis; Clariidae: Clarias or Heterobranchus), perciform fishes (Perciformes, Latidae: Lates sp. cf. niloticus, and Cichlidae indet.), and a pufferfish (Tetraodontidormes, Tetraodontidae: Tetraodon). The diversity is relatively low when compared with other Chadian Neogene sites. This is probably mostly explained by the wind erosion of the outcrops being responsible for the lack of minute remains. However, we recognize that the aquatic environment recorded corresponds to open waters.     

长期施肥下农田土壤-有机质-微生物的碳氮磷化学计量学特征

探讨外源养分的输入对土壤系统内碳、氮、磷化学计量特征的影响,对于深刻认识农田土壤有机碳(C)和养分循环及其相互作用过程具有重要意义。以26年的农田长期定位施肥试验为平台,分析长期不同施肥条件下土壤、有机态及微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量及其化学计量学特征,并根据内稳性模型y=c x~(1/H)计算其化学计量内稳性指数H。结果表明:与长期撂荒处理(CK_0)相比,种植作物条件下26年化肥配施有机肥处理(MNPK和1.5MNPK)显著降低微生物生物量氮含量,但显著提高了微生物生物量磷的含量。相对于撂荒处理,即使长期配施化肥磷处理(NP、PK、NPK),其土壤有机磷降低显著。对于C∶N比而言,化肥配施有机物料处理(秸秆或有机肥)的土壤C∶N比、有机质C∶N及微生物生物量C∶N比均显著低于化肥处理(N、NP、PK和NPK)。对于C∶P比而言,相对于撂荒处理,26年施用磷肥(化肥磷或有机磷)显著降低了土壤C∶P比和微生物生物量C∶P比,而CK和偏施化肥处理(N、NP和PK)显著降低了土壤有机质C∶P比。对于土壤N∶P比而言,撂荒处理土壤N∶P比显著高于其他处理,而撂荒处理土壤有机质N∶P比显著高于CK和化肥处理,表明不施肥或化肥条件下作物种植加剧了土壤有机质中氮素的消耗。微生物生物量C∶N、C∶P、N∶P比的内稳性指数H分别为0.24、0.75、0.64,不具有内稳性特征。微生物生物量C∶N、C∶P、N∶P比分别与土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P比呈显著正相关关系,但与土壤有机质碳氮磷化学计量比之间无显著相关性。表明土壤碳、氮、磷元素的改变会直接导致微生物生物量碳、氮、磷化学计量比的改变,但微生物生物量碳氮磷化学计量比对土壤有机质碳氮磷化学计量比无显著影响,土壤有机质的碳氮磷计量比可能更多是受到作物和施肥等养分管理措施的影响。     

Regional assignment of human genes TPI1, GAPDH, LDHB, SHMT, and PEPB on chromosome 12.

Karyological analysis was performed on a series of human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids containing deletions of human chromosome 12. Chromosome breakage was produced by treatment of the cells with either X-rays or 5-bromodeoxyuridine and near-visible light. The hybrid clones were analyzed for the presence or absence of the following five human gene markers known to be located on chromosome 12: triosephosphate isomerase-1 (TPI1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenase-B (LDHB), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), and peptidase-B (PEPB). Based on the correlation between the isozyme markers and karyological analysis of these clones, a regional map of the five human genes on chromosome 12 was established. The linear order for these genes is: pter-TPI1-GAPDH-LDHB-centromere-SHMT-PEPB-qter. The locations of these genes are: TPI1, GAPDH, LDHB: pter leads to p12; SHMT: q12 leads to q14; PEPB: q14 leads to qter. Statistical analysis similar to that of Goss and Harris (1975, 1977a, b) has been performed on the segregation data in the hybrid clones. The statistical map, in general, agrees with the cytogenetic map and further localizes PEPB to 12q21.     

Papaya ringspot virus-P: characteristics, pathogenicity, sequence variability and control

TAXONOMY: Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is an aphid-transmitted plant virus belonging to the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae, with a positive sense RNA genome. PRSV isolates belong to either one of two major strains, P or W. The P strains infect both papaya and cucurbits whereas the W strains infect only cucurbits. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PRSV-P is found in all major papaya-growing areas. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Virions are filamentous, non-enveloped and flexuous measuring 760-800 x 12 nm. Virus particles contain 94.5% protein and 5.5% nucleic acid. The protein component consists of the virus coat protein (CP), which has a molecular weight of about 36 kDa as estimated by Western blot analysis. Density of the sedimenting component in purified PRSV preparations is 1.32 g/cm(3) in CsCl. GENOME: The PRSV genome consists of a unipartite linear single-stranded positive sense RNA of 10 326 nucleotides with a 5' terminus, genome-linked protein, VPg. TRANSMISSION: The virus is naturally transmitted via aphids in a non-persistent manner. Both the CP and helper component (HC-Pro) are required for vector transmission. This virus can also be transmitted mechanically, and is typically not seed-transmitted. HOSTS: PRSV has a limited number of hosts belonging to the families Caricaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Propagation hosts are: Carica papaya, Cucurbita pepo and Cucumis metuliferus cv. accession 2459. Local lesion assay hosts are: Chenopodium quinoa and Chenopodium amaranticolor. CONTROL: Two transgenic papaya varieties, Rainbow and SunUp, with engineered resistance to PRSV have been commercially grown in Hawaii since 1998. Besides transgenic resistance, tolerant varieties, cross-protection and other cultural practices such as isolation and rogueing of infected plants are used to manage the disease. VIRUS CODE: 00.057.0.01.045. VIRUS ACCESSION NUMBER: 57010045. USEFUL LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/57010045.htm.     

Trifluoperazine,a calmodulin antagonist,inhibits muscle cell fusion

We investigated the effect of trifluoperazine (TFP), a calmodulin antagonist, on the fusion of chick skeletal myoblasts in culture. TFP was found to inhibit myoblast fusion. This effect occurs at concentrations that have been reported to inhibit Ca2+-calmodulin in vitro, and is reversed upon removal of TFP. In addition, other calmodulin antagonists, including chlorpromazine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5- chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W7), and N-(6-aminohexyl)-1- naphthalene-sulfonamide (W5), inhibit fusion at doses that correspond closely to the antagonistic effects of these drugs on calmodulin. The expression of surface acetylcholine receptor, a characteristic aspect of muscle differentiation, is not impaired in TFP-arrested myoblasts. Myoblasts inhibited from fusion by 10 microM TFP display impaired alignment. In the presence of the Ca2+ ionophore {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"A23187","term_id":"833253","term_text":"A23187"}}A23187, the fusion block by 10 microM TFP is partially reversed and myoblast alignment is restored. The presence and distribution of calmodulin in both prefusional myoblasts and fused muscle cells was established by immunofluorescence. We observed an apparent redistribution of calmodulin staining that is temporally correlated with the onset of myoblast fusion. Our findings suggest a possible role for calmodulin in the regulation of myoblast fusion.     

A new species of Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from the dolphin trenches of Kulsi River, N. India, possibly under threat

The Kulsi River, a major tributary of Brahmaputra River, N. India is reported to have resident population of Ganges river dolphin, Platanista gangetica (Roxburgh), which feeds on fishes and prawns. While surveying for the dolphins of the river, a number of fishes and prawns were collected. On identification, one of the prawns was found to be undescribed, and hence is described herein. The ecology of the river consisted of: temperature fluctuating widely from 15 to 28 °C, depth from 0.8 to 10 m, turbidity of 11-19 cm, sand mining @ 12,500 MT annually, and fish catch of 300-800 kg (from 1.5 km area). All these factors pose a great threat to the fish and prawn wealth of the river.Macrobrachium kulsiense sp. nov. is a very small sized prawn (maximum size - 34.5 mm in total length), exhibiting species-specific characters, such as highly elevated and moderately long rostrum with 9-12 dorsal teeth, a single ventral tooth, and percentage ratios of ischium, merus, carpus, palm, dactylus of first and second chelipeds (19.05:28.57:33.33:09.52:09.52 and 21.43:25.00:21.43:14.28:17.86, respectively). The species shows close similarity with Macrobrachium mirabile (Kemp). The females are larger than males, eggs are large in size (1.2×0.9 mm) and fecundity is low (15-20).     

Diabetes,obesity, and erectile dysfunction

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity affect large parts of the population in the United States and around the world. These disorders are among the most common risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED), because of their effects on the vasculature and the hormonal milieu.Objective: This article reviews the current literature on the connection between DM, obesity, and ED.Methods: Using the search terms erectile dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, hypogonadism, diabetes, and obesity, a systematic review of the available literature in the PubMed database was conducted. Relevant English-language publications (to August 2008) were identified.Results: ED is highly prevalent in men with both DM and obesity, and may act as a harbinger for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this high-risk population. In addition to male hypogonadism and macrovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction is central to the connection between the metabolic syndrome and ED. Conversely, improved glycemic control and weight loss have been found to improve erectile function.Conclusion: ED is very prevalent in men with DM and obesity. It is increasingly being recognized as an early clinical indicator and motivator for patients with CVD. The role of pharmacologic ED treatments in improving endothelial function is currently being investigated.     

Determination of 7-methylguanine, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, and pseudouridine in ultrafiltrated serum of healthy adults by high-performance liquid chromatography

7-Methylguanine (m7Gua), N2,N2-dimethylguanosine (m2(2)Guo), and pseudouridine (psi) are degradation products from RNA turnover and can be used as markers for the whole-body turnover of mRNA-cap, tRNA, and rRNA (in healthy individuals, urinary excretion of these catabolites follows a regular pattern; the relative molar ratio of psi:m7Gua:m2(2)Guo is approximately 100:19:6). HPLC methods were developed to measure serum concentrations of these RNA catabolites after deproteinization of the samples by ultrafiltration through microcollodion bags with a nominal exclusion Mr of 12,400. For healthy adults the following values (mean +/- SD) were found: psi, 2760 +/- 460 nmol/liter (n = 10); m7Gua, 129.7 +/- 24.0 nmol/liter (n = 13); m2(2)Guo, 31.0 +/- 3.7 nmol/liter (n = 9). The relative molar ratio of these substances in serum derived from our data is approximately 100:4.7:1.1. 7-Methylguanosine (m7Guo) added to serum is to a large extent converted to the corresponding free base, m7Gua, the form which is excreted in urine.