山东莴苣亚族植物的修订

对山东现有的莴苣亚族的植物标本进行了研究,确定山东莴苣亚族植物有24种,分属于12个属,即：苦苣菜属(Sonchus L.)、乳苣属(mulgedium Cass.)、山柳菊属(Hieracium L.)、黄鹌菜属(Youngia Cass.)、福王草属(Prenanthes L.)、翅果菊属(Pterocypsela Shih)、莴苣属(Lactuca L.)、苦荬菜属(Ixeris Cass.)、小苦荬属(Ixeridium (A.Gray) Tzvel.)、沙苦荬属(Chorisis DC.)、黄瓜菜属(Paraixeris Nakai)和蒲公英属(Taraxacum L.)。发现1个新记录种：华蒲公英(Taraxacum borealisinense Kitam.)。     

基于分子和形态学证据确定传统中药白花蛇舌草及其替代品的学名(英文)

白花蛇舌草是我国重要的传统中药,主要是指茜草科(Rubiaceae)钮扣草族(Spermacoceae)的Oldenlandia diffusa,但伞房花耳草(O.corymbosa)在民间或中药市场也常被作为替代品使用。由于长期以来Hedyotis-Oldenlandia复合群的分类存在许多争论,因此白花蛇舌草有时被归入非洲耳草属(Oldenlandia L.),有时又作为广义耳草属(Hedyotis L.s.l.)的成员。为了澄清白花蛇舌草命名上的问题,基于7个叶绿体片段和2个核基因片段对钮扣草族85个分类群进行了系统发育分析。结果表明,白花蛇舌草不属于以上两属中的任何一属,而应为蛇舌草属[Scleromitrion(WightArn.)Meisn.]的成员。依此结果,对5种植物进行了新组合,并提供了白花蛇舌草和伞房花耳草的形态学比较,以有助于在实践中更好地进行区分。     

狮耳草属——中国唇形科植物一新归化属

该文报道了中国唇形科植物一新归化种——荆芥叶狮耳草[Leonotis nepetifolia(L.)R.Br.],该种的发现代表狮耳草属[Leonotis(Pers.)R.Br.]在中国的新归化。狮耳草属的主要特征为轮伞花序腋生,苞片和萼齿顶端针刺状,花冠桔红色或黄色,冠唇上唇较大,下唇较小;其与绣球防风属(Leucas R.Br)较为接近,但后者的萼齿等大,花冠通常白色,花冠筒不超出萼外,冠檐下唇长于上唇,二者区别较为显著。荆芥叶狮耳草为一年生草本。轮伞花序球形,多花密集,其下承以多数密集苞片;苞片细长,向下微弯曲,先端针刺状。花萼管状,先端膨大而略折曲;萼齿针刺状,最上面一枚较大。花冠桔红色,密被桔红色绒毛;花冠筒细长,伸出萼筒之外;冠檐二唇形,上唇较大,下唇较小。荆芥叶狮耳草与同属植物Leonotis leonurus R.Br.最为相似,但前者叶为卵圆形或心形,后者的叶片多为披针形。根据该研究的标本和相关文献资料,该文还提供了狮耳草属和荆芥叶狮耳草的形态描述、地理分布的讨论,以及荆芥叶狮耳草的资源价值、归化途经、繁殖和危害的讨论和野外生态照片。     

菊科莴苣属订正及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属

本文是对菊科莴苣属Lactuca L. 的分类订正, 文中起用了乳苣属Mulgedium Cass.和山 莴苣属Lagedium Sojak两个较老的属名, 建立了二个新属,即翅果菊属Ptrocypsela Shih与假 福王草属Paraprenathes Chang. 文末提供了莴苣属及邻近属以及东亚地区的有关种类的分属分种检索表。     

湖北省维管植物分布新记录

报道了湖北省神农架大九湖国家湿地公园内发现的湖北省维管植物分布的新记录类群,包括1个新记录属大爪草属（Spergula Linnaeus）,含1个新记录种大爪草(Spergula arvensis Linnaeus);1种新记录的蕨类植物宪需耳蕨(Polystichum kungianum H. He & Li Bing Zhang);1个新记录变种,倒钩琉璃草[Cynoglossum wallichii var. glochidiatum (Wallich ex Bentham) Kazmi]。这些新分布类群丰富了湖北省的植物多样性,为本地区的植物区系研究提供了新资料。     

高寒草甸退化对短穗兔耳草克隆生长特征的影响

以调查统计和比较样地法研究了江河源区高寒草甸退化对典型匍匐茎植物短穗兔耳草克隆生长特征的影响。结果表明,退化草甸的植物群落结构、功能以及土壤特征发生了明显地变化,继而对短穗兔耳草无性系的克隆生长行为和形态特性产生了影响。高寒草甸退化后短穗兔耳草的匍匐茎有所增多,分支强度加大。退化草甸内短穗兔耳草的基株高度小于未退化草甸,根长大于未退化草甸,基株的叶片数目间没有明显差别。退化草甸内短穗兔耳草的分株高度显著小于未退化草甸,分株叶数明显多于未退化草甸,而根长尽管大于未退化草甸,但差异不显著。短穗兔耳草匍匐茎长度在未退化草甸内明显大于退化草甸,匍匐茎茎生叶数和匍匐茎粗度也在未退化草甸大于退化草甸。短穗兔耳草在未退化草甸用于克隆繁殖的能量投资比例高于退化草甸,其中未退化草甸内短穗兔耳草基株的干重比例略低于退化草甸,分株和匍匐茎的干重比例高于退化草甸。高寒草甸退化对短穗兔耳草克隆生长特征的这些影响,是其对高寒草甸退化导致的资源和生境差异的反应,也是对资源利用达到的最合理状态,是一种选择适应的结果。     

鼠兔属5个种的分子分类及进化

构建了甘肃鼠兔、黄河鼠兔、藏鼠兔、高原鼠兔和红耳鼠兔的mtDNA限制性内切酶图谱,并以PAUP程序建立其分子系统树。结果表明,鼠兔亚属的4个物种与耗兔亚属的红耳鼠兔存在明显的长度变异(1kb),从而为两亚属的划分提供了新的遗传标记。同时,甘肃鼠兔和黄河鼠兔的遗传分化已达明显的物种级别,因而进一步证实它们均为独立种。在系统树中,黄河鼠兔与高原鼠兔亲缘关系最近,然后是藏鼠兔,最后是甘肃鼠兔与前3种构成一对姊妹群。依据遗传距离计算了分歧年代。两亚属的分歧时间约距今8.8×10⁴ha,相当于中国哺乳动物时代的保德期中期;鼠兔亚属内4种间的分歧发生于约距今(2.5～4.2)×10⁴ha的上新世晚期,相当于榆社期晚期。     

草兔线粒体基因组全序列及其系统发育关系分析

草兔(Lepus capensis)在我国数量多,分布广,但人们对草兔的系统地理学、草兔与其他兔类的系统发育关系了解不多,其亚种水平的分类也长期存在争议。本研究通过LA-PCR 技术对草兔线粒体基因组全序列进行PCR 扩增、序列测定和分析,并基于线粒体基因组12 个蛋白质编码基因10 776 bp的核苷酸序列,采用贝叶斯法(BI)和最大似然法(ML)构建哺乳纲(Mammalia) 灵长总目(Euarchontoglires)5 个目12 种动物的系统发育关系,结果支持兔形目(Lagomorpha)的单系起源,其中草兔与欧洲野兔(L. europaeus)亲缘关系最近,两者互为姐妹群,进而与家兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus)构成姐妹群关系。此外,基于线粒体细胞色素b 基因全序列,构建31 个兔类个体的系统发育关系,结果显示,草兔与雪兔(L. timidus),云南兔(L. comus) 与高原兔(L.oiostolus),东北兔(L. mandschuricus)与塔里木兔(L. yarkandensis) 有较近的亲缘关系,而在草兔内部,中国的草兔与南非草兔亲缘关系较远,采自江苏盐城的草兔与来自山东、陕西、四川的草兔聚为一支,具有明显较近的亲缘关系。该研究为更好地探讨草兔系统发育关系提供了进一步的分子生物学资料.     

国产耳草属(茜草科)一新种——蕴璋耳草

报道了中国茜草科Rubiaceae耳草属耳草组Hedyotis sect. Hedyotis植物的一个新种——蕴璋耳草H. koiana R. J. Wang。本新种同丹草H. herbacea L.和松叶耳草H. pinifolia Wall. ex G. Don因均具有较窄的叶片和仅顶部开裂的蒴果而相似, 但本种因具线形的叶片以及顶生和上部腋生的聚伞花序而不同于丹草, 与松叶耳草的不同之处在于蕴璋耳草具有较长的花梗和疏松的花序以及花冠管内部无毛。     

藏药短管兔耳草中松果菊苷和麦角甾苷的RP-HPLC分析

建立了藏药短管兔耳草中松果菊苷和麦角甾苷含量的高效液相色谱分析法.采用Waters XTerra RP18色谱柱(150mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-1%冰醋酸溶液(28:72,V:V)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长330 nm,柱温30℃,在20 min内分离检测了该两种化合物.松果菊苷和麦角甾苷进样量分别在0.077～4.950μg(r=0.999 9)和0.085～5.450μg(r=0.999 9)内呈良好线性,平均加样回收率分别为98.35%和92.50%,RSD分别为2.35%和2.86%.所建立的方法简便、快捷、结果准确可靠,重现性好,可用于藏药短管兔耳草的质量控制,并为兔耳草属植物中苯丙素苷类化合物的分离分析提供一定的参考.     

A taxonomic revision of the genera Gerbera sect. Isanthus, Leibnitzia (in Asia), and Uechtritzia (Compositae, Mutisieae)

Hansen, H. V. 1988. A taxonomic revision of the genera Gerbera sect. Isanthus, Leibnitzia (in Asia), and Uechrrirzia (Compositae, Mutisieae). - Nord. J. Bot. 8: 61–76. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.
The Asiatic part of Compositae tribe Mutisieae subtribe Mutisiinae scapose group is revised. It includes one section of the genus Gerbera , sect. Isanthus with 6 species: G. maxima, G. raphanifolia, G. delavayi, G. henryi, G. nivea , and G. gossypina , the genus Leibnitzia with 4 species, L. anandria, L. knorringiana, L. nepalensis , and L. ruficoma , and the genus Uechtrirzia with 3 species, U. kokanica, U. armena , and U. lacei . The species are mainly distributed in the Himalaya Region and W. China (Yunnan), but some occur in S. USSR, and L. anandria is widespread; Leibnitzia probably also occurs in Central America with 2 endemic species. A distribution map showing the Asiatic range of Gerbera piloselloides (sect. Piloselloides ) is presented.     

Phylogenetic studies in the Gerbera-complex (Compositae, tribe Mutisieae, subtribe Mutisiinae)

The phylogeny of the Gerbera-complex (Compositae, tribe Mutisieae, subtribe Mutisiinae) is discussed with the use of cladistics. 14 OTUs are accepted, viz. 1. Trichocline s. str., 2. Lulia , 3. Trichocline spathulata ("Amblysperma") , 4. Gerbera hieracioides, 5. Chaptalia , 6. Leibnitzia , 7. Uechtritzia , 8. Perdicium , 9. Gerbera sect. Gerbera , 10. Gerbera sect. Parva , 11. Gerbera sect. Lasiopus , 12. Gerbera sect. Piloselloides , 13. Gerbera sect. Pseudoseris , and 14. Gerbera sect. Isanthus. The work is mainly based on SEM-studies. The paper discusses the phylogenetic and taxonomic implications of the presented consensus-tree. It is proposed to rank the Gerbera-complex as a single, large genus.     

大丁草属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究

本文概述了大丁草属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究。着重介绍了其中所含的香豆素类化合物的化学结构特点、光谱特征及生物活性。     

On the Classification of Ixeris Group (Compositae) from China

Ixeris Cass., strinctly speaking, is confined to plants which have achenes with sharply winged ribs. Ixeridium (A. Gray ) Tzvel. contains plants which have persistent radical leaves at anthesis and achenes with obtuse ribs and a fine rostrum at its apex. Paraixeris Nakai is restricted to plants which are of the same achenes as in the genus Ixeridium (A. Gray) Tzvel., but rostra of achenes are robust and radical leaves deciduous in flowering in the former. The Chorisis DC., a monotypic genus, is characterized by ternate palatisect leaves. In the light of the above mentioned understanding of these genera, the author thinks that the division of Chinese Ixeris group, a comparatively complex one, into four genera would be more reasonable than merging them into one genus, namely, Ixeris Cass. Based on the examination of specimens in the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica (PE), the author found that there are four species in the genus Ixeris Cass., including one new combination in China. They are I. polycephala Cass., I. dissecta (Makino) Shih, I. japonica (Burm. f. ) Nakai and I. stolonifera A. Gray. The genus Ixeridium (A. Gray ) Tzvel. has 13 species, including five new combinations and three new species in China, namely, I. sagittaroides (C. B. Clarke) Shih, I. gramineum (Ledb.) Tzvel., I. yunnarense Shih,I. graminifolium(Ledb.)Tzvel.,I, biparum Shih,I.aculeolatum Shih,I. chinense( Thunb. ) Tzvel., I. strigosum( Fisch. ) Tzvel., I. elegans( Franeh. ) Shih, I. sonchifolium (Maxim.)Shih,I. laevigatum (BI.)Shih,I. dentatum(Thunb. )Nakai and I. gracile(DC.)Shih, in China. There are six species in the genus Paraixeris Nakai, including One new combination, namely, P. denticulata(Houtt.) Nakai, P. humifusa(Dunn) Shih, P. cheldonifolia( Makino) Nakai, P. saxatilis( Baran. ) Tzvel., P.pinnatipartita (Makino)Tzvel. and P.serotina(Maxim.)Tzvel.in China.     

Notulae de Plantis Tribus Cynarearum Familiae Compositarum Sinicae (II)(Cont.)

Since the 19th century many botanists have studied the Chinese Cirsium and a great number of taxa or names has been reported, of which many still need to be reviewed critically This work is a preliminaxy result of study on Chinese species of Cirsium. As many as 65 taxan or names in the literature are reduced to synonym in this paper. The Cirsium in China so far known comprises 49 species, of which 9 are described as new, 1 is a new combination and 4 are new records in Chinese flora. These new species are: C. subulariforme Shih, S. muliense Shih, C. fanjingshanense Shih, C. periacanthaceum Shih, C. racemiforme Ling et Shih, C. vernonioides Shih, C. chrysolepis Shih, C. tenuifolium Shih and the new combination is C. viridifolium (Hand. -Mazz.) Shih. The new records in China are C. serratuloides (L.) Hill., C. incanum (S. G. Gmel.) Fisch. ex MB., C. lanatum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Spreng and C. alatum (S. G. Gmel) Bobr. The Chinese Cirsium is divided into 8 sections in the present paper, of which 3 are new, namely, Sect. Isolepis Shih, Sect. Tricholepis Shilh and Sect. Hymenolepis Shih, and I is a new combination, namely, Sect. Spanioptilon (Cass.) Shih. In addition, a new species of the genus Alfredia, A. aspera Slih, is described.     

Revision of Lactuca L. and Two New Genera of Tribe Lactuceae (Compositae) on the Mainland of Asia (Cont.)

Having mixed extremely various patterns of achenes for a long time in the genus Lactuca L., especially showed in the classification of it on the mainland of Asia, Lactuca L., the primary unnatural genus, becomes more nuclear in its limit. The present paper makes a revision to attempt providing a clear cline between Lactuca L. and its relative genera. On my opinion, only plants, represented by Lactuca sativa L., which have ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, numerous (7-25), yellow ligular florets and longitudinal 1-10 ribs or striae on each side of achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex, should be defined as Lactuca L. In view of the present concept of Lactuca L., another group of plants, embodied by Lactuca indica L., having its broadening, thin winged-margin of, 1-3 striae on each side of achenes, black, dorsi-ventral compressed, acute into thick and short beak at its apex, evidently, should not be placed into Lactuca L., but be regarded as genus, i.e. Pterocypsela Shih, gen. nov. Pterocypsela Shih distributes in Eastern and southern Asia, where Lactuca L. does not occur. In China there is all of species, seven species, of Pterocypsela Shih. They are P. raddeana (Maxim.) Shih, P. indica (L.) Shih, P. elata (Hemsl.) Shih P. lacciniata (Houtt.) Shih, P. triangulata (Maxim.) Shih, P. sonchus (Lévl.) Shih and P. formosana (Maxim.) Shih, But in Mediterranean regions and Middle and Western Asia mainly distributes Lactu ca L., in which there are only seven species from western China, Xijiang autonomic district. They are L. dolichophylla Kitam., L. sativa L., L. altaica Fisch. et Mey., L. serriola Torner, L. dissecta Don, L. auriculata DC. and L. undulata Ledb. With the combination of violet-purple ligular florets non-ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, a little thick achenes, acuminate into longer. or short beak at its apex and 4-6 ribs on each side of it, Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. is evidently different from Lactuca sativa L. with combination of ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, yellow ligular florets and compres sed achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex. There seems to be no point in refusing Mu lgedium Cass. as a genus. Strictly speak, Mulgedium Cass. seems to be reminiscent of Para prenanthes Chang (see bellow) without beak at the apex of its achenes. In Hengduan moun tains and mountain range of Himalayas M. tataricum (L.) DC. discoveries its relative par tners. They are M. bracteatum (Mook. f. ex. C. B. Clarke) Shih, M. lessertianum (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) DC., M. monocephalum (Chang) Shih, M. umbrosum (Dunn) Shih, M. meridionale Shih and M. polypodifolium (Franch.) Shih. Having broadering and thickening margin and 4-7 striae on each side of achenes, grey, dorsi-ventral compressed, truncate and beakless at its apex, Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex Maxim. (Sonchus sibiricus L.) is not only different from Lactuca sativa L. with the combination of yellow ligular florets and filiform beak at apex of its achenes, but also from the genus Mulgedium Cass. with beak at apex of its achenes. Therefore, Lagedium Sojak, established by J. Sojak (1961), should be restored. It should be point out that Lagedium Sojak is monotypic genus excluding Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. with beak at the apex of its achenes, non-marginated. Lagedium Sojak widely distributes in temperate and frigid zone ofvnorthern hemisphere. In our country, Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Sojak, sole species of the genus, restricts its northeast region. Paraprenanthes Chang, the new genus, established by Ch. Ch. Chang (1950) based on Lactuca sororia Miq. and Lactuca yunnanensis Franch. seems to be a distinct genus. This genus is characterized by 4-6 ribs on each side of achenes, black, fusiform, a little thick and beakless at its apex. Besides above-mentioned two species, assigned by Chang, in forest of tropic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia there are many species with same structure in achenes like L. sororia Miq. and L. yunnanensis Franch. The genus Paraprenanthes Chang seems to be reminiscants of Mulgedium Cass. and Lagedium Sojak, but differs from the former in its beakless achenes, from the later in its non-marginated achenes and 4-6 ribs on each side of it. In our country, there are all species of the genus known in the tropic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia. They are P. sororia (Miq.) Shih, P. yunnanensis (Franch.) Shih, P. longiloba Ling et Shih, sp. nov., P. heptontha Shih et D. J. Liou, sp. nov., P. prenanthoides (Hemsl.) Shih, P. pilipes (Migo) Shih, P. thirionii (Lévl.) Shih, P. sylvicola Shih., sp. nov., P. multiformis Shih, sp. nov., P. auriculiformis Shih, sp. nov. and P. sagittiformis Shih, sp. nov.     

中国高等植物省级分布新记录(二)

报道了槭树科、漆树科、大戟科、清风藤科、无患子科、苦木科共 1 8种植物在我国 1 3个省区中的分布新记录。其中福建分布新记录的植物有山地五月茶 ,甘肃分布新记录的有鸡爪槭 ,广东、江苏和云南分布新记录的有湖北算盘子 ,广西分布新记录的有五尖槭和滇赤才 ,贵州分布新记录的有甜叶算盘子 ,河南分布新记录的有红叶野桐 ,湖南分布新记录的有狭序泡花树 ,江西分布新记录的有长柄槭、柳叶五月茶和黑面神 ,陕西分布新记录的有川滇无患子 ,四川分布新记录的有伞花木 ,西藏分布新记录的有五裂槭、中华槭、藤漆、小花清风藤和柔毛鸦胆子     

Embryology of Calenduleae (Compositae)

Microsporangial conditions, macrosporogenesis, embryo sac development and in some species endosperm formation have been studied in 5 species of Dimorphotheca Vaill. ex Mnch, 2 species of Castalis Cass., 16 species of Osteospermum L., 6 species of Calendula L., 1 species of Gibbaria Cass., and 1 species of Chrysanthemoides Tourn. ex Fabr.
The microsporangial wall consists of four different layers of cells. Miocrospore formation is simultaneous. The tetrads are mostly arranged in tetrahedrals. A tapetal periplasmodium develops.
The archespore of the macrosporangium is in most cases 1-celled, sometimes 2-or many-celled. The meiosis gives rise to a linear tetrad. Usually the chalazal macro-spore develops. The embryo sac development is monosporic of the Polygonum type. In a few cases in Dimorphotheca venusta T. Norl. a tetrasporic embryo sac development was observed besides the Polygonum type. Castalis tragus (Ait.) T. Norl. may have a bisporic embryo sac development in addition to the Polygonum type. All the Calendula species develop synergid haustoria. Antipode haustoria occur in Osteospermum sinuatum (DC.) T. Norl. and Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) T. Norl. Chalazally situated extra embryo sacs below the ordinary one in Dimorphotheca sinuata DC, D. venusta , and Castalis nudicaulis var. graminifolia (L.) T. Norl. are regarded to be aposporic. Six species have more than three antipodes per embryo sac. The antipodes occasionally become 2-or 4-nucleate.     

中国颊脊隐翅虫属附点颊脊隐翅虫亚属三新种(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,隐翅虫亚科)

记述中国颊脊隐翅虫属Quedius附点颊脊隐翅虫亚属Distichalius 3新种,王氏附点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(Distichalius)wangi sp.nov.,仙附点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(D.)xiansp.nov.,和卧龙附点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(D.)wolong sp.nov.。俯附点颊脊隐翅虫Q.(D.)lin Smetana和日本附点颊脊隐翅虫Q.(D.)pretiosus Sharp分别在中国大陆和重庆市是首次记录。3新种都隶属克什米尔附点颊脊隐翅虫群thekashmirensis group,该群为中国新纪录群。2新纪录种,俯附点颊脊隐翅虫和日本附点颊脊隐翅虫,分别是连附点颊脊隐翅虫群theannectens group和查特附点颊脊隐翅虫群thechaterjeei group的成员。     

华北地区莴苣属（广义）植物花粉特征的研究

本文研究了华北地区莴苣属（广义）７种植物的花粉形态与微形态特征。结果表明：莴苣属（广义）内这些种具有相同的花粉类型。该属的花粉为球形,３孔沟;极面观为三裂圆形,近六边形;赤道面观为圆形;花粉表面具网状纹饰,同胞１５个,网脊上有许多小穴和规则排列的刺。与邻近属形成明显差异,使该属成为一个自然类群。新属毛鳞菊属ＣｈａｅｔｏｓｅｒｉｓＳｈｉｈｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．以其花粉网状纹饰的网脊上具不规则排列的短柱而有别于莴苣属（广义）。花粉的形态特征与微形态特征可为菊科属级水平分类提供重要依据。