西氏硬蜱在我国的新纪录

硬蜱科中,硬蜱属(Ixodes)肩硬蜱亚属(Scaphixodes)的种类不少,全世界已记录10种;主要分布于古北区,占其中7种。1961年6月动物研究所从西藏亚东曾采到该亚属的标本,因只获雄蜱,种名未订。1979年7月河北省鼠疫防治所从西藏萨噶县(海拔4,700米)一只鹰(学名未详)上采到二只雌蜱,经鉴定为肩硬蜱亚属的西氏硬蜱Ixodes(Scaphixodes)semenovi Olenev,在我国系首次纪录。     

抗蜱唾液抗体:是蜱叮咬人后的生物学标志及莱姆病血液抗体阳性的危险因子

<正>以往研究证明蜱的叮咬常常是不知晓的。对蜱叮咬的认识无能将妨碍莱姆病的预防及其流行病学调查。我们在这里报导的是对新泽西州Monmouth县304名户外工作人员的一项横断面研究,评估自诉被蜱叮咬,抗蜱唾液抗体(ATSA)及莱姆病血清学状况有之间密切联系,同样也可用于临床证实近期被蜱叮咬并有和莱姆病一致的非特异性症状的病人。     

中国硬蜱属的一新种(蜱螨目:硬蜱科)

近来作者在蜱类研究工作中,发现以往文献报道我国硬蜱属有的种类存在一些问题。例如角突硬蜱(Ixodes angulatus Kishida)系日人岸田久吉(1939)根据从我国河北省兴隆县刺猬上采到的3只蜱若虫建立的一个新种。但我们根据原描述及附图,并与从北京郊区刺猬上采到的若虫标本详细比较,发现岸田久吉所谓的 Ixodes angulatus 实际上是中华革蜱(Dermacentor sinicus Schulze)的若虫。因此,     

由人体采到一种花蜱——Amblyomma cyprium Neumann, 1899, 的研究

前言 花蜱又称钝眼蜱或斑蜱,属于蜱螨目(Aca-rina),坚蜱科(Ixodidae),花蜱属(Amblyom-ma)。此属蜱类在我国已记载的共有6种,即Amblyomma formosanum宿主为豚及龟类;A.pseudolaeve宿主为乌蛇及黄领蛇;A.ja-vanensis宿主为穿山甲、巨蜥、(虫丹)蛇、龟类、犬及蝙蝠;A.testudinarium宿主为犀牛、獏、貂、鹿、虎、猪、牛、马;A.yajimai宿主为牛;A.hel-volum宿主为蟒蛇与巨蜥。从以往前人所记载之花蜱多数从野生哺乳类及爬行类动物体上所采获。本文所记载之花蜱Amblyomma cypriumNeumann,1899.曾长期寄生于人体,而此种花蜱在我国尚系首次发现,故作记载。     

长角血蜱卵泡抑素相关蛋白的定性

参照GenBank中长角血蜱致病性Okayama株卵泡抑素基因的核苷酸序列(GenBank Accession No.DQ248886)设计合成一对引物,从本实验室保藏的单克隆洁净长角血蜱饥饿成蜱中快速提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增出814bp的卵泡抑素基因,序列比对结果显示:与长角血蜱致病性Okayama株的核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列一致性分别为97.8%和99%,将其亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T-1中进行表达,GST融合重组蛋白预期分子量为57kD。表达重组蛋白经MagneGSTTM蛋白纯化系统纯化后作为抗原分别与抗不同发育阶段长角血蜱(卵、幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱)多克隆抗体作为一抗进行免疫印迹,结果表明:与长角血蜱卵制备的多克隆抗体有很强的免疫反应,而与其他发育阶段(幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱)饥饿长角血蜱制备的多克隆抗体反应性很弱。以上结果表明:长角血蜱卵泡抑素蛋白在长角血蜱产卵及卵成熟发育时期的表达水平较其他发育阶段(幼蜱、若蜱、成蜱)的蛋白表达水平高。     

辽宁省蜱类的生态地理分布

辽宁省已知的蜱类共13种, 分属于2科6属.本文依据不同地理景观区内蜱的种类与数量, 并结合其不同生境类型, 对蜱类的生态地理分布问题作了讨论.四个地理景观区内蜱种类与数量情况如下:(1)黄土丘陵台地干草原与西辽河风沙草原区:黄土丘陵台地干草原区蜱种类少, 但数量多.草原血蜱为优势种, 草原硬蜱数量较少.西辽河沙地草原区有草原血蜱、草原革蜱、草原硬蜱, 前两种均为优势种.(2)辽西山地疏林灌从区:本区有森林革蜱、长角血蜱、全沟硬蜱及日本锐缘蜱, 前两种为优势种.(3)辽东山地森林及林缘草地区:本区蜱种较多, 林区以日本血蜱、嗜群血蜱、全沟硬蜱为多见;林缘草地以长角血蜱、森林革蜱为优势种, 另外还有钝跗硬蜱、血红扇头蜱.(4)平原丘陵农区:木区蜱种虽然不少, 但分布局限, 数量小.有长角血蜱、草原血蜱、森林革蜱、微小牛蜱, 波斯锐缘蜱.     

蜱类系统学研究进展

本文介绍了近年来蜱的编目和分类及系统发育和演化等方面的研究进展。对软蜱科(Argasidae)说明了属的变动;硬蜱科(Ixodidae)介绍了璃眼蜱亚科(Hyalomminae)和凹沟蜱亚科(Bothriocrotoninae)以及相应变动的属(新建的凹沟蜱属Bothriocroton和须角蜱属Cornupalpatum,合并的牛蜱属Boophilus、暗眼蜱属Anocentor和盲花蜱属Aponomma)。根据新的分类变更对已知种类进行了分析。至2006年,世界已知蜱类有3科18属897种,中国有2科10属119种。阐明了有关蜱类系统发育研究的主要观点,并讨论了其不足和有待深入研究的问题。目前,把形态学和分子生物学数据结合在一起的全证据方法,并结合蜱类和不同宿主之间的关系、动物地理学、古生物学以及比较寄生虫学的资料,成为解决蜱类系统发育问题的有效途径。     

波斯锐缘蜱的核型与细胞分类研究(蜱螨亚纲:软蜱科)

细胞分类学(cytotaxonomy)是细胞遗传学的一个分支学科,主要根据染色体的特征,细胞学和分类学的方法相结合,研究生物的自然分类。它为古老的经典分类学开拓了新领域。细胞分类学在许多动物中的应用已越来越广泛。在蜱螨中,早在60年代初,苏联学者(1962a)研究了软蜱的核型与分类的关系。Oliver(1977)据现有蜱螨染色体资料推论:如果将来寄螨目(Parasitiformes)4个亚目的蜱螨都是单着丝粒(monokinetic)染色体,螨目(Acariformes)3个亚目的螨类都是全着丝粒(holokinetic)染色体,那末蜱螨进化二源论将更加可信。我们比较过草原革蜱与森林革蜱的核型,有7个共同点,说明该两种蜱有较近的亲缘关系(周洪福等,1987)。     

安徽沿淮丘陵地带发现波斯锐缘蜱

波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)隶属蜱亚目(Ixodida)、蜱总科(Ixodoidea)、软蜱科(Argasidae)、锐缘蜱属(Argas)。安徽沿淮丘陵地带迄今尚未见报道。 我们自1994年5月至1995年7月,在淮南市与合肥市交界处的舜耕山北坡(淮南一侧),从事山地鼠巢螨类调查时。偶然发现并分批检获成蜱32只,幼蜱3只。经鉴定其表面结构,须肢后毛等形态特征典型。有     

我国异扇蜱属一新种(蜱螨目:硬蜱科)

异扇蜱属Anomalohimalaya为Hoogstraal等于1970年新建的硬蜱科中的一属。其模式种是喇嘛异扇蜱A.lama Hoogstraal, Kaiser et Mitchell,采自尼泊尔高原荒漠地区的高山(鼠平)Alticola sp.、姬鼠Apodemus sp.、鼩鼱Sorex sp.和高原兔Lepus oiostolus。以后,和(1978)在苏联塔吉克的一种高山(鼠平)Alticola argentatus体上又发现另一个种——洛氏异扇蜱A.lotozkyi Filippova et Panova。 1972年我们从新疆的灰仓鼠Cricetulus migratorius体上采到异扇蜱属一种,经详细鉴定,形态与喇嘛异扇蜱和洛氏异扇蜱都有不同,故订为新种。     

Ability of Ixodes persulcatus, Haemaphysalis concinna and Dermacentor silvarum ticks to acquire and transstadially transmit Borrelia garinii

In China, the ability of Ixodes persulcatus, Haemaphysalis concinna and Dermacentor silvarum to transmit Borrelia spirochetes was determined under laboratory conditions. Results showed that all three tick species can acquire spirochetes by feeding on infected mice. However, the capability of the three species to maintain spirochetes was different. Only I. persulcatus is able to maintain spirochetes alive during molting, and subsequent tick stages transmitted the infection to naive mice. In H. concinna and D. silvarum ticks, spirochetes could not survive after the digestion period of blood and after the molting process was finished, spirochetes were no longer detected. Contrary to H. concinna and D. silvarum, I. persulcatus should be considered the principal vector of Lyme disease in north China.     

Ixodid ticks of Pavlodar Province and their participation in the circulation of tularemia infection

Investigations carried out in Pavlodar Province have shown that 7 species of ixodid ticks, Ixodes crenulatus, I. lividus, I. persulcatus, I. laguri laguri, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, and one brought species, Hyalomma asiaticum, parasitize domestic animals and wild mammals. Maximum activity of pasture ticks of the genus Dermacentor falls on the end of April--beginning of May, that of H. concinna on the beginning of June. The growth in the abundance of pasture ticks, recorded during the last years, is favoured by the increase in the cattle live stock, its seasonal movements and pasture area reduction. Natural nidi of tularemia become more active. Since 1977 221 cultures of tularemia agent have been isolatid from pasture ticks. H. concinna takes the most active part in the infection circulation.     

The peculiarities of the biology of ticks inhabiting the environs of Tomsk City

The presence of ticks Ixodes persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi occidentalis is revealed in urban parks and the forests directly adjoined to buildings. I. pavlovskyi occidentalis is found to be the dominant species nearby the city. The both species are occurred almost simultaneously, and the peak of their abundance usually falls on 2nd or 3rd ten-day period of May. In the city the ticks species ceased occurring in registers in the end of May, and in the adjacent forests they disappeared in the end of June. I. pavlovskyi occidentalis has not been found in the forests remote from the city at the distance more than 15 kilometers. Besides the above species the ticks Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis concinna are occurred rarely in the territory examined.     

Detection of the West Nile Virus and its genetic typing in ixodid ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae) in Tomsk City and its suburbs

Four tick species, Ixodes persulcatus, I. pavlovskyi, I. trianguliceps, and Dermacentor reticulatus, were found in Tomsk and its suburbs in 2006. The species I. pavlovskyi was found to be dominant in the localities situated in Tomsk City, and I. persulcatus was dominant in its suburbs. Viral RNA and viral antigen of the West Nile virus (WNV) were detected in the ticks I. pavlovskyi and I. persulcatus collected in the city and its suburbs by the RT PCR method and enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies against protein E of the WNV. Average rate of the WNV infected ticks varied from 5.2 up to 11.7% in different localities. Identification of the nucleotide sequence of the protein E gene fragment allowed classifying the cDNA obtained as genotype Ia of the WNV. The sequences are proved similar to the strain LEIV-Vlg99-27889-human of the WNV isolated in Volgograd. The obtained data showed that natural foci of the WNV virus can appear in the city and its suburbs probably involving two dominant tick species. The WNV infected imagoes, larvae, and nymphs of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi were collected from small mammals, lizards, and birds. Therefore we presume that these hosts can be involved in the circulation and distribution of WNV on the territory of Tomsk Region.     

The action of carbon dioxide gas in high concentrations on ixodid ticks

The ticks Ixodes persulcatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, D. marginatus were affected by 50, 70, 80 and 90% CO2 at 18 to 26 degrees. The higher the gas concentration and the lower the temperature, the quicker and the deeper was anesthesia. Additional tests have shown that response to CO2 depends on the water balance level determining the position of atrial valves. The response of some individuals to CO2 can change depending on the tick state during the experiment.     

Mapping and monitoring tick (Acari,Ixodida) distribution,seasonality, and host associations in the United Kingdom between 2017 and 2020

Tick-borne disease risk is intrinsically linked to the distribution of tick vector species. To assess risk and anticipate disease emergence, an understanding of tick distribution, host associations, and seasonality is needed. This can be achieved, to some extent, using passive surveillance supported by engagement with the public, animal health, and public health experts. The Tick Surveillance Scheme (TSS) collects data and maps tick distribution across the United Kingdom (UK). Between 2017 and 2020, 3720 tick records were received and 39 tick species were detected. Most records were acquired in the UK, with a subset associated with recent overseas travel. The dominant UK acquired species was Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Linnaeus), the main vector of Lyme borreliosis. Records peaked during May and June, highlighting a key risk period for tick bites. Other key UK species were detected, including Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Fabricius) and Haemaphysalis punctata (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Canestrini & Fanzago) as well as several rarer species that may present novel tick-borne disease risk to humans and other animals. Updated tick distribution maps highlight areas in the UK where tick exposure has occurred. There is evidence of increasing human tick exposure over time, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, but seasonal patterns remain unchanged.     

Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in Mazandaran province, Iran

A survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in Mazandaran province, Iran. A total of 953 ticks were collected from 86 infested cattle during activating seasons of ticks during 2004-2005. Nine species were identified: Boophilus annulatus (51.3%), Rhipicephalus bursa (16.8%), Haemaphysalis punctata (6.3%), Ixodes ricinus (6.8%), Hyalomma marginatum (12.5%), Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.2%), Hyalomma asiaticum (0.6%), Hyalomma detritum (0.2 %), and Dermacentor spp. (0.1%). The results show that Boophilus annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Hyalomma species are dominant tick species in the surveyed area.     

Foci report on indigenous Dermacentor reticulatus populations in Belgium and a preliminary study of associated babesiosis pathogens

The occurrence of autochthonous clinical cases of canine and equine babesiosis in Belgium during the last two decades suggests that the vector of the pathogens responsible for these diseases, Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae), may be present in this country. Consequently, evidence for the presence of this tick species in different locations within Belgium was investigated. Four different locations were monitored by flagging in 2010; these included the locations at which D. reticulatus was previously found on a dog in 2009 and on two red deer in 2007. Two different species of tick were identified, Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and D. reticulatus. A total of 282 D. reticulatus adult ticks (98 males, 184 females) were collected from the four sites. Ticks were found mainly from early March until the end of May and a peak in activity was apparent in March. A Babesia spp. (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) genus-specific polymerase chain reaction test based on the amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene was used to investigate the potential presence of Babesia spp. All DNA extracts isolated from the total tick samples yielded negative results. Additional studies to accurately determine the distribution and vectorial capacity of this important tick species in Belgium are warranted.     

Ticks collected from selected mammalian hosts surveyed in the Republic of Korea during 2008-2009

A tick survey was conducted to determine the relative abundance and distribution of ticks associated with selected mammals in the Republic of Korea (ROK) during 2008-2009. A total of 918 ticks were collected from 76 mammals (6 families, 9 species) captured at 6 provinces and 3 Metropolitan Cities in ROK. Haemaphysalis longicornis (54.4%) was the most frequently collected tick, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (28.5%), Ixodes nipponensis (7.6%), Ixodes pomerantzevi (4.8%), Ixodes persulcatus (4.6%), and Haemaphysalis japonica (0.1%). Adults (57.0%) and nymphs (28.7%) of Ixodes and Haemaphysalis spp. were collected most frequently from medium or large mammals in this survey, while few larvae (14.3%) were collected. Hydropotes inermis was the most frequently captured mammal (52.6%), with a 16.4 tick index and 5 of 6 species of ticks collected during this survey. H. longicornis (69.7%) was the predominant tick collected from H. inermis, followed by H. flava (22.2%), I. persulcatus (6.1%), I. nipponensis (1.8%), and H. japonica (0.2%).     

PCR identification of DNA of hosts of the taiga tick nymphs (Ixodes persulcatus: Ixodinae) in St. Petersburg and its suburbs

PCR identification of host DNA in unfed females and males of taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus was performed. Amplification of each sample was done using primers species-specific by 12S rDNA mitochondrial gene. Four species of small mammals (Apodemus uralensis, Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus arvalis, and Sorex araneus) and two passeriform bird species (Fringilla coelebs and Parus major) were analysed. For one third of tick samples, hosts of previous stages were established using this method. In five cases, feeding on more than one host species was detected.