下呼吸道感染耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌的分布与耐药性

目的了解耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌的流行情况,分析耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性,比较耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌与环丙沙星敏感铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性差异。方法选择贵阳医学院第三附属医院2011年6月至2014年11月下呼吸道感染标本中分离出的231株耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌与环丙沙星敏感铜绿假单胞菌,按照《全国临床检验操作规程》进行微生物病原菌鉴定。采用Kirby-Bauer琼脂扩散法进行药敏试验,结果使用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果下呼吸道感染标本中共分离出铜绿假单胞菌231株,其中耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌检出率25.54%。从科室分布看,神经外科分离率最高,占47.46%,其次ICU、呼吸内科与消化内科分别占18.64%、13.56%、10.17%;下呼吸道感染耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌菌株与环丙沙星敏感铜绿假单胞菌菌株对头孢曲松、阿米卡星、亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦等19种抗菌药物的耐药率分别为95.65%,71.83%;42.86%,7.69%;17.39%,2.70%;33.33%,11.02%;22.22%,8.00%。下呼吸道感染耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌菌株耐药率明显高于环丙沙星敏感铜绿假单胞菌菌株,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌表现为多重耐药性,给临床治疗带来很大的困难。因此严格掌握抗菌药物的选用是延缓病原菌对抗菌药物耐药的有效方法。     

CIP耐药的铜绿假单胞菌两种分子耐药机制关系的研究

目的探讨环丙沙星（CIP）耐药的铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株主动外排药物与gyrA、parC基因突变的关系。方法联合碳酰氰基-对-氯苯腙（CCCP）和CIP对CIP耐药的铜绿假单胞菌株进行主动外排阳性株和阴性株的筛选,并对这些菌株的gyrA,parC基因进行聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR—RFLP）。结果57％（55／97）的CIP耐药菌株最小抑菌浓度（MIC）可被逆转,gyrA单基因突变率为65％,gyrA和pa-C双基因突变率为35％,未发现parC单基因突变的菌株。主动外排阳性组与阴性组gyrA、parC基因突变情况差异无显著性。结论在本地区铜绿假单胞菌对CIP的耐药机制中,主动外排系统表达上调与抗菌药物作用靶位的改变均占有重要的地位,两者可能是并存的两种相对独立的机制。     

环丙沙星耐药的铜绿假单胞菌药敏情况分析

目的了解对环丙沙星耐药的铜绿假单胞菌的药敏情况。方法细菌的鉴定及药敏试验,均采用法国生物梅里埃公司的VITEK2微生物鉴定与药敏系统,选择经VITEK2测定耐环丙沙星的铜绿假单胞菌(耐药株)68株及对环丙沙星敏感的铜绿假单胞菌(敏感株)67株,统计分析两者对亚胺培南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、头孢他啶、哌拉西林和哌拉西林他唑巴坦等几种临床上常用抗生素的药敏情况。结果耐药株对以上6种抗生素的敏感率分别为亚胺培南706%,阿米卡星206%,庆大霉素191%,头孢他啶279%,哌拉西林632%,哌拉西林他唑巴坦721%。而敏感株对6种抗生素的敏感率则分别为925%、328%、687%、657%、881%与896%,明显高于耐药株,经χ2检验,除阿米卡星005相似文献   

2014—2016年某院铜绿假单胞菌耐药性监测

摘要：目的 分析铜绿假单胞菌的分布和耐药性变化,为临床防治铜绿假单胞菌感染提供依据。方法 收集成都大学附属医院2014—2016年所分离的铜绿假单胞菌,采用VITEK 2-Compact全自动细菌鉴定系统进行鉴定和药敏试验,采用WHONET 5.6软件对数据进行分析。结果 3年间共分离出1 945株铜绿假单胞菌,多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌分离率为34.2%（666/1945）。标本来源以呼吸道为主,占82.2%（1598/1945）。科室分布以呼吸内科最多,ICU其次。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢曲松和头孢噻肟的耐药率最高,均＞57.0%;对阿米卡星耐药率最低,为2.0%。3年来铜绿假单胞菌对17种抗生素的耐药率呈整体上升的趋势。结论 铜绿假单胞菌对头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、亚胺培南耐药率较高,对阿米卡星耐药率较低。铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率呈整体上升的趋势,应重视细菌耐药性的监测,以延缓耐药性产生、促进临床合理用药。     

2010年宜昌市铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性分析

了解宜昌市铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）临床分离株的耐药现状。宜昌市城区5所医院临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌菌株,用K-B法作药敏试验,并根据统计其耐药情况及耐药表型（模式）分析可能存在的耐药机制。临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌共1 575株,耐药率依次为阿米卡星7.1%、美罗培南17.2%、头孢吡肟20.4%、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦21.0%、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦22.5%、环丙沙星23.1%、庆大霉素23.4%、头孢他啶25.0%、亚胺培南25.2%、哌拉西林30.4%、氨曲南34.5%、复方新诺明59.0%、米诺环素75.6%。多重耐药（MDR）和泛耐药（PDR）株分别占41.5%和0.17%。对各种抗假单胞菌药物分别耐药的菌株仍有13%～25.7%对阿米卡星敏感,提示在严重铜绿假单胞菌感染患者的治疗中,β内酰胺类抗假单胞菌药加氨基糖苷类仍是一个很好的联合用药组合。细菌耐药性仍呈增长趋势,临床上感染多重耐药和泛耐药的铜绿假单胞菌的治疗仍很棘手,应合理使用抗生素,尽量延缓耐药菌株的出现。     

耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌对左氧氟沙星的耐药性观察

目的对比研究左氧氟沙星和常用的12种抗生素对92株耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性.方法药敏试验采用K-B纸片扩散法.结果左氧氟沙星对耐亚胺培南菌株的耐药率为43.48%;显著低于头胞噻肟、头胞西丁、头胞他定、头胞哌酮、氧氟沙星和洛美沙星(P＜0.02或P＜0.001);和诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、舒普深、妥布霉素的耐药率无差异([ WTBX P＞0.05).结论左氧氟沙星对耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌有良好的抗菌活性.     

仙居县ICU病房铜绿假单胞菌感染调查及耐药性分析

目的了解铜绿假单胞菌在仙居县ICU病房内感染现状及其对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,为铜绿假单胞菌感染的防治提供依据。方法对2011-2013年仙居县人民医院ICU患者下呼吸道感染铜绿假单胞菌药敏情况进行分析,对泛耐药菌株感染危险因素进行单因素分析。结果 622株铜绿假单胞菌对常用的抗生素有不同程度的耐药性,耐药率分别为:哌拉西林28.41%、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦24.84%、阿米卡星8.57%、环丙沙星17.32%、庆大霉素11.23%、左旋氧氟沙星22.36%、妥布霉素3.73%、头孢他啶36.75%、头孢吡肟32.00%、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦15.38%、亚胺培南39.83%、美洛培南37.36%。铜绿假单胞菌是ICU患者下呼吸道感染的主要致病菌,位居第二位,检出率为19.92%。广谱抗生素的应用、气管插管/气管切开、多器官功能障碍综合征是ICU泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌感染主要的危险因素,泛耐药比例为:广谱抗生素的应用78.57%、气管插管/气管切开76.19%、MODS 76.19%。结论铜绿假单胞菌易引发ICU病房下呼吸道感染,且耐药现象严重,易产生泛耐药,临床应根据药敏结果合理用药,控制耐药株的流行。     

292株铜绿假单胞菌的标本分布及耐药性分析

目的分析临海市第一医院铜绿假单胞菌感染的临床标本分布及耐药变迁。方法对2002年至2004年分离292株铜绿假单胞菌采用德灵公司的autoSCAN-4半自动微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定。用K-B法做药敏测定,对其耐药率进行统计分析。结果292株铜绿假单胞菌以痰及咽拭子标本中分离率最高,为66.1%;其次为脓液和分泌物,分别为20.9%、5.1%。对抗生素平均耐药率分别为阿米卡星27.4%,庆大霉素33.6%,环丙沙星34.2%,左氧氟沙星28.8%,哌拉西林59.2%,头孢噻肟58.6%,头孢曲松61.6%,头孢他啶19.2%,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦32.2%,亚胺培南13.7%,氨曲南24.7%。结论铜绿假单胞菌是医院内感染的重要细菌,其耐药率问题日趋严重,尤其对3代头孢菌素及碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药率呈逐年增高的趋势。     

铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类药物的耐药机制研究

目的 探讨铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类药物的耐药机制.方法 收集2008年11月至2009年4月我院临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌31株,根据药敏结果分为碳青霉烯类耐药组(21株)和碳青霉烯类敏感组(10株).另设1株标准株ATCC 27853,用亚胺培南-EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)抑制试验检测菌株是否产生金屑酶,采用PCR法检测各菌株的外膜孔道蛋白oprD2基因,探讨铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药机制.结果 21株耐药株有7株产生金属酶;21株耐药株经oprD2基因扩增,15株阴性,6株阳性,10株敏感株全部阳性.统计学检验结果表明,碳青霉烯类耐药组与敏感组oprD2基因阳性率的差异有极显著性(P＜0.01).结论 oprD2基因缺失和金属酶是本院铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药的重要机制.     

617株耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌耐药性及其产超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因型研究

探讨耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性及其产超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因型。收集2011年7月至2013年12月上海市中医药大学附属曙光医院临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌共1 125株,筛选亚胺培南耐药株,常规纸片法检测其耐药性,并用E-test检测金属β-内酰胺酶（MBL）,采用PCR法检测耐药基因型。结果显示,1 125株铜绿假单胞菌中耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌共计617株,占54.8%;亚胺培南敏感铜绿假单胞菌共计508株,占45.2%。617株亚胺培南耐药铜绿假单胞菌100%为多重耐药,而亚胺培南敏感铜绿假单胞菌的多重耐药率仅为13.78%,明显较前者低（χ²=871.15,P<0.05）;亚胺培南耐药的铜绿假单胞菌中MBL表型阳性共126株,阳性率为15.4%,94株(74.60%)表现为VIM-2阳性,10株（7.94%）表现为IMP-1阳性,1株检出OXA-10,〖WTBZ〗且该例菌株同时表达VIM-2。临床分离的耐亚胺培南的铜绿假单胞菌多为多重耐药,其产MBL的主要基因型是VIM-2。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV