湖南龙山不同海拔中华蜜蜂种群遗传多样性的微卫星DNA分析

【目的】利用11对微卫星标记对湖南龙山中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana种群遗传多样性进行分析,评估种群内遗传变异和种群间的遗传分化。【方法】从湖南省龙山县采集不同海拔(1 080和665 m)中华蜜蜂各30群,共60群。从每群10~20头成年工蜂中随机挑选1头提取DNA作为模板,利用11对微卫星引物进行PCR。基于PCR扩增产物,通过Microsatellite-Toolkit软件计算高海拔种群(G)和低海拔种群(D)各基因位点的优势等位基因频率(Pi)、期望杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)。根据FSTAT程序计算种群内近交系数(Fis)。用SPSS 25.0软件分析两个种群(G和D)间Pi, He, PIC和Fis的差异显著性。【结果】湖南省龙山县中华蜜蜂高海拔种群(G)和低海拔种群(D)的Pi分析表明,两个种群均具有较高的遗传多样性;高海拔种群的He, PIC和Fis平均值分别为0.593, 0.556和0.121,均略低于低海拔种群的0.631, 0.587和0.187。两个种群间Pi, He, PIC和Fis无显著性差异(P_Pi=0.721＞0.05,P_He=0.759＞0.05, P_PIC=0.802＞0.05, P_Fis=0.767＞0.05)。【结论】位于武陵山区龙山县地域高海拔与低海拔中华蜜蜂种群具有较高遗传多样性,但遗传分化程度不高,提示海拔因素可能不直接影响中华蜜蜂种群遗传多样性。     

沂蒙山地区中华蜜蜂种群遗传多样性分析(英文)

【目的】中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana是一种重要的种质资源和传粉昆虫,本研究旨在探究山东省沂蒙山地区中华蜜蜂种群遗传多样性和种群结构关系,为沂蒙山地区中华蜜蜂种质资源利用与保护提供理论依据。【方法】本研究通过选取山东省沂蒙山地区7个采样地点的114群中华蜜蜂采集蜂,根据Ruttner的形态学分析方法,对其36项形态学指标进行测定;并利用筛选后的11对荧光标记微卫星引物,研究其遗传多样性。【结果】形态学分析结果表明,沂蒙山地区中华蜜蜂工蜂的平均体长为12.064~13.351 mm,平均前翅长为8.198~8.694 mm。11个微卫星位点共检测到58个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数从2~17不等,7个群体的平均期望杂合度和多态信息含量分别为0.3115和0.2872,平均等位基因数为2.4545(ST-AQ)~4.0000(BHY),平均期望杂合度为0.1916~0.3397,群体的平均遗传分化系数Fst为0.048。Nei氏遗传距离为0.0092(XL-DLZ到XZ-XLZ))~0.1000(XL-DLZ到XL-DJW)。聚类分析结果表明沂蒙山地区的中蜂可以分成3类。【结论】沂蒙山地区各个采样地点之间的中华蜜蜂种群结构接近,表明不同种群之间存在着基因交流,与其他地区中华蜜蜂种群比较,沂蒙山地区中华蜜蜂在形态和遗传结构上存在一定的特异性。     

栖息条件对中华蜜蜂遗传多样性的影响

为了评估不同栖息条件对中华蜜蜂(简称中蜂)种群遗传多样性的影响,本研究运用微卫星标记的方法,对皖南山区4个不同采样点120个中华蜜蜂群体的2400只工蜂样本进行了分析.结果表明:与天然林野生中蜂群相比,单一茶树种植结构下,皖南中蜂群的等位基因数、平均期望杂合度和多态信息含量的差异均不显著;人工驯养中蜂群的等位基因数、多态信息含量差异显著,平均期望杂合度差异不显著;2006年采集的野生中蜂群与天然林野生中蜂群的等位基因数、平均期望杂合度和多态信息含量均差异显著.各种群间存在极显著的遗传分化,平均分化系数为0.32.说明皖南地区茶树单一化种植不会影响中蜂的遗传结构与资源保护.     

秦巴山区中华蜜蜂种群微卫星DNA遗传分析

【目的】中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana是一种兼有生态价值和经济价值的授粉昆虫。本研究拟揭示秦巴山区中华蜜蜂种群遗传多态性现状,探讨中华蜜蜂的种群分化机制及其影响因素。【方法】使用8个微卫星DNA标记评估秦巴山区17个样点共979个蜂群的中华蜜蜂遗传多态性,以长白山中华蜜蜂和阿坝中华蜜蜂作为外群进行种群遗传分化分析。【结果】秦巴山区中华蜜蜂95%的差异来源于样点内,样点间遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.002~0.037,基因流参数Nm为6.51~124.75,与外群的遗传分化分析中均显示秦巴山区中华蜜蜂不存在遗传分化。平均期望杂合度(He)为0.6877±0.1098,平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0.6364±0.1367,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为3.7488±1.6201个,平均等位基因数(Na)为7.71±2.52个,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.6418±0.1152,香农指数(I)为1.5026±0.3754,这些参数均表明微卫星遗传多态性丰富。中蜂囊状幼虫病流行过的地区,其杂合度、多态信息含量以及等位基因数均显著低于未发病地区。【结论】秦巴山区中华蜜蜂种群数量大,分布均匀,基因流水平高,在650 km距离范围内没有发生种群分化;秦巴山区中华蜜蜂微卫星遗传多态性丰富,仅部分地区中华蜜蜂遗传多态性受中蜂囊状幼虫病的选择压而降低。     

黑头酸臭蚁微卫星标记的分离与开发(英文)

【目的】本研究旨在分离黑头酸臭蚁Tapinoma melanocephalum基因组微卫星标记,确定这些微卫星位点的多态性。【方法】使用454 GS-FLX焦磷酸测序技术开发来自中国华南陆地和岛屿的11个黑头酸臭蚁地理种群基因组微卫星位点。从随机设计的100对微卫星引物中筛选出10对引物,用于确定黑头酸臭蚁4个地理种群［东澳岛(DAD)、荷包岛(HBD)、梅州(MZ)和山咀(SJ)］10个微卫星位点的多态性,分析种群遗传多样性和种群分化。【结果】从11个黑头酸臭蚁地理种群基因组中成功开发和分离10对微卫星引物。在DAD, HBD, MZ和SJ 4个地理种群中,10个微卫星位点中7个有高多态性,这10个位点均显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡;每个位点的等位基因数量(A)是3.50~9.00个,每个地理种群每个位点等位基因丰富度(A_R)在1.992~12.938之间。岛屿地理种群(DAD和HBD)的AR和预期杂合度(H_E)与大陆地理种群(MZ和SJ)的相比差异不显著。4个地理种群均显示高水平遗传分化(F_ST=0.15969);HBD和MZ种群与其他配对地理种群相比,遗传分化较高(F_ST=0.185),基因流较低,说明这两个种群基因流被限制。此外,遗传变异来自种群内个体之间。【结论】筛选新的微卫星位点能够为研究黑头酸臭蚁种群结构和繁殖结构提供有效工具,以深入了解其传播机制。     

中华蜜蜂急造王台的工蜂亲属优惠

人为使3群中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)失王而出现急造王台后,应用3个蜜蜂微卫星位点A14、A107和B124对蜂群、急造王台中的幼虫及其哺育蜂的亚家庭进行鉴别,以此来研究中华蜜蜂急造王台的工蜂亲属优惠.结果显示:在3个实验蜂群Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ中分别检测到11、13和14个亚家庭,各蜂群各亚家庭之间的工蜂分布差异不显著.然而各蜂群中急造王台却分别只出现在少数的3、4和5个亚家庭中,各亚家庭之间在王台出现率上存在极显著的差异.另外,各急造王台的所有哺育蜂并非只来自幼虫所在的亚家庭,而是分布在更多的亚家庭里,并且各亚家庭之间差异不显著.以上结果证明:中华蜜蜂急造王台时,在蜂王幼虫的选择过程中存在工蜂亲属优惠行为,但蜂王幼虫与它们的哺育工蜂之间并不存在工蜂亲属优惠     

华东地区中华蜜蜂六地理种群的遗传多样性及遗传分化

目的】利用23对微卫星标记对来自于南昌、黄山、桐庐、费县、宜兴、武夷山6个华东地区的中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana种群进行遗传多样性及遗传分化分析。【方法】通过计算多态信息含量、平均杂合度、等位基因数、遗传距离、基因流、F 统计量等参数, 评估各中蜂种群遗传多样性和各种群间遗传分化。【结果】各座位的等位基因数为5（A014）至30（AP043）。所有种群均显示较高水平的期望杂合度, 其中, 武夷山中蜂最低, 为0.4280; 南昌中蜂最高, 为0.6329。各中蜂种群间存在极显著的遗传分化, 平均分化系数(Fst)为0.344。基于Nei氏遗传距离运用NJ聚类法将6个中蜂种群划分为3类。【结论】华东6个中蜂种群的遗传多样性较高, 遗传分化显著; 分析遗传分化与地理距离的关系发现, 华东6个中蜂种群间的遗传分化与地理距离不存在显著相关。     

中华蜜蜂种群遗传分化与环境适应机制研究进展

中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana是我国十分关键和重要的传粉媒介昆虫，在不同栖息地中广泛分布，表现出飞行敏捷、采蜜期长和适应性强等优点。但近些年中华蜜蜂正面临前所未有的种群多样性下降，为保护这些特定的中华蜜蜂种群的遗传资源，研究人员基于几何形态学、分子生物学和基因组学等技术手段对中华蜜蜂遗传分化和环境适应机制进行了研究，而在我国这些多样化的中华蜜蜂种群为揭示其种群适应性进化规律提供了绝佳材料。本文从中华蜜蜂种群遗传分化与环境变化的相关性、形态变异与环境适应、环境适应性生理和行为改变及这些表型变化的遗传机制4个方面综述了相关研究进展。研究发现，物理屏障和生态环境的变化，特别是海拔和纬度相关环境变化是造成中华蜜蜂种群分化的主要原因。气候因子中，温度、氧气、辐射和湿度等对中华蜜蜂环境适应性的形态发育和生理生态特征产生重要影响。形态特征的变化主要体现在体型大小和体色上，代谢生理和行为改变是其环境适应的重要策略。基于现代基因组学和分子生物学技术的种群遗传学和种群基因组学研究发现，与社会分工行为、学习感知行为、信息感知、生长发育、温度适应和代谢等相关的基因或通路受到自然选择作用，这为中华...     

重庆中华蜜蜂的形态和遗传多样性

【目的】研究地理位置接近的山地区域中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana的形态与遗传多样性,对开展中华蜜蜂遗传资源的保护具有重要意义。重庆多山,如大巴山、武陵山、大娄山等,当地植被茂盛、蜜源植物丰富,适宜中华蜜蜂的生存繁衍。因此,重庆中华蜜蜂是研究同一地域复杂地形下中华蜜蜂形态和遗传分化的良好对象。本研究首次全面调查重庆地区中华蜜蜂种质资源多样性,分析不同生境中华蜜蜂种质资源的分化,考察潜在的基因交流情况,为中华蜜蜂的资源保护提供参考。【方法】运用吻长、翅长、翅宽、翅面积、肘脉指数、第3、4背板长等形态指标对来自重庆不同山脉和周边地区的139群中华蜜蜂进行形态测量和统计,同时对mt DNA tRNAleu~COⅡ段非编码区序列进行PCR扩增并测序分析。【结果】形态分析显示,以亚热带季风气候为主的武陵山、大娄山地区中华蜜蜂能够区分以亚热带山地气候为主的大巴山地区聚群,以及重庆西、北部的聚群。Structure群体结构分析mt DNA非编码区单倍型序列发现,不同山地生境中华蜜蜂种群之间存在基因交流,而两大山系与重庆周边地区中华蜜蜂种群之间同样存在基因交流。此外发现了3个新的东方蜜蜂单倍型,分别是大巴山Cq H4、大娄山Cq H7、西部丘陵Cq H13。【结论】重庆中华蜜蜂不同地理种群形态发生了分化,表现出较强适应性。各山脉和地区中华蜜蜂种群之间遗传结构接近,具有共同遗传单倍型,暗示基因交流发生在不同地理种群中,导致重庆中华蜜蜂的遗传分化不明显。     

微卫星标记分析中国梨木虱种群的遗传多样性

中国梨木虱Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang et Li)是梨树主要害虫之一。为了从分子水平评估中国梨木虱种群内的遗传变异和种群间的遗传分化, 本文应用7对微卫星DNA引物对中国16个地区中国梨木虱种群进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明： 各位点有效等位基因为2.2927～10.0610, 多态信息含量(PIC)值在0.5073～0.8735之间。16个种群的平均期望杂合度为0.7876, 遗传距离在0.0951～1.0139之间, Nei氏期望杂合度为0.4771～0.7892, Shannon信息指数在0.8396～1.9989之间, 群体分化率F_ST为11.61%, 基因流平均值为2.2236。结果表明, 7个微卫星位点均具有较高的多态性, 各种群间的遗传分化水平较低, 基因交流程度较高, 遗传变异主要存在于种群内的个体间。研究结果为制定针对中国梨木虱的有效防治策略提供部分分子生物学的基础资料。     

Genetic differentiation between Apis cerana cerana populations from Damen Island and adjacent mainland in China

Geographic isolation interrupted gene flow between populations leading to population differentiation during the long evolutionary period. In this paper, 33 colonies from Damen Island and 100 colonies from adjacent mainland populations, Juxi and Chixi, were analyzed with both mitochondrial tRNA^leu-COII sequences and five microsatellite loci. The results showed that Apis cerana cerana population from Damen Island significantly differentiated from its adjacent mainland populations. In addition, Damen Island population showed a lower level of genetic diversity in terms of the number of mitochondrial haplotypes while both island and mainland populations showed a low level of genetic diversity with mutilocus analysis. The divergent small island population A.c. cerana might probably have suffered inbreeding and genetic drift as well as limited gene flow across the strait. Our data provides useful information for management and preservation for the Damen Island population.     

中国境内不同地理型东方蜜蜂遗传多样性的AFLP分析

利用22对AFLP引物组合对我国9个省市的11个东方蜜蜂种群和1个西方蜜蜂种群的39个个体基因组DNA的遗传变异进行了研究;根据AFLP分析结果,采用GeneScan3.0软件、群体遗传数据分析包（Hickory v1.0.4） 和群体遗传变异分析程序（AFLP-SURV 1.0）,分别计算了39个个体间的遗传相似系数和各蜜蜂种群的Nei's遗传距离、Reynolds遗传距离和成对的固定指数F_st,并构建了各自的UPGMA聚类关系图。结果表明：AFLP标记具有很高的多态检测效率,适合于蜜蜂种群遗传多样性分析和品种鉴定。蜜蜂种间的遗传分化明显,亲缘关系较远。中国境内不同地理型东方蜜蜂群体间存在着广泛的遗传变异。UPMGA聚类关系图显示,海南东方蜜蜂由于长期的海岛隔离,已经形成了一个独特的类群,支持了通过形态学认定的海南东方蜜蜂为东方蜜蜂的一个新亚种。     

Population structure and colonization of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China,inferred from mtDNA COI sequences

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is a serious pest of fruits and vegetables in South‐east Asia, and, because of quarantine restrictions, impedes international trade and economic development in the region. Revealing genetic variation in oriental fruit fly populations will provide a better understanding of the colonization process and facilitate the quarantine and management of this species. The genetic structure in 15 populations of oriental fruit fly from southern China, Laos and Myanmar in South‐east Asia was examined with a 640‐bp sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The highest levels of genetic diversity were found in Laos and Myanmar. Low to medium levels of genetic differentiation (F_ST ≤ 0.134) were observed among populations. Pooled populations from mainland China differed from those in Laos and Myanmar (F_ST = 0.024). Genetic structure across the region did not follow the isolation‐by‐distance model. The high genetic diversity observed in Laos and Myanmar supports the South‐east Asian origin of B. dorsalis. High genetic diversity and significant differentiation between some populations within mainland China indicate B. dorsalis populations have been established in the region for an extended period of time. High levels of genetic diversity observed among the five populations from Hainan Island and similarity between the Island and Chinese mainland populations indicate that B. dorsalis was introduced to Hainan from the mainland and has been on the island for many years. High genetic diversity in the recently established population in Shanghai (Pudong) suggests multiple introductions or a larger number of founders.     

A molecular approach to understand the riddle of the invasive success of the tarantula,Brachypelma vagans,on Cozumel Island,Mexico

Invasive populations typically demonstrate genetic isolation which results in a loss of genetic diversity and a reduction in invasion success. This study focused on the genetic population of a successful invasive species of tarantula. Individuals were sampled in two mainland localities of the Yucatan Peninsula (Zoh-Laguna and Raudales), in addition to two island localities (El Cedral and Rancho Guadalupe on Cozumel Island). All populations present high genetic diversity (mean: H_e = 0.23, P = 99%), with significant differences between the Raudales and Rancho Guadalupe localities. The AMOVA analysis revealed a significant population structure (14.5% variation among populations), consistent with the gene differentiation coefficient (G_ST = 0.21), and spatial analysis of population structure. Our results suggested that the original introduced population did not suffer a loss of genetic diversity during establishment on the island, possibly a result of different biological conditions. Population structure analysis leads us to suggest that one island population is similar to the original genetic profile, whereas the genotypic profile of the other island population reflects recent introductions from the mainland. We identified a potential risk of extinction for one local mainland population, suggesting that this species may be a successful invader in a new environment but endangered in some parts of its natural area.     

Genetic diversity and colony structure of Tapinoma melanocephalum on the islands and mainland of South China

Aim

Tapinoma melanocephalum is listed as one of the most important invasive pest species in China. Information regarding the patterns of invasion and effects of geographic isolation on the population genetics of this species is largely lacking.

Location

South China.

Methods

To address this problem, we genotyped 39 colonies (two colonies were collapsed due to genetic similarity) using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA sequencing to compare colony genetic structure of T. melanocephalum on the mainland and islands of South China.

Results

An analysis of the colony genotypes showed that the genetic diversity of the mainland population was slightly higher than that of the island populations but not significantly so. However, the observed heterozygosity on Shangchuan Island (SCD) was significantly lower than that of the other colonies. We also found six haplotypes in 111 mitochondrial DNA COI sequences. The relatedness (r) value between colonies of SCD was 0.410, higher than that of the other populations. The genetic clusters among colonies were not related to geographic locations and exhibited admixture likely due to frequent human‐mediated dispersal associated with trade between the mainland population and the islands. Pairwise F_STs between populations showed differentiation among mainland populations, while SCD displayed high levels of divergence (F_ST > 0.15) from most mainland populations. There was no significant isolation by distance among colonies. Most populations showed signs of a bottleneck effect.

Main conclusions

Our study suggests that there was no significant difference in the genetic diversity among the islands and the mainland; however, the lower genetic diversity, the higher degree of genetic divergence from other colonies, and the higher relatedness among nestmates made the SCD population stand out from all the others.     

皖南山区不同生态条件下中华蜜蜂形态特征差异性

为了分析皖南山区中华蜜蜂的生态适应性,对皖南山区5个不同采样点的15群中华蜜蜂450只工蜂的8个形态特征进行测定,对测定的性状特征数据进行数学分析和差异显著性检验,结果是,5个釆样点间的喙长、右前翅长、第三节背板宽、第三节背板颜色、第四节背板宽和第四节背板颜色差异显著。皖南山区中华蜜蜂的前翅长与宽均较大,第3+4背板长也较大,说明皖南中蜂飞翔能力强,采集能力强;背板长反映蜜囊的大小,蜜囊越大,贮存花蜜越多,蜂群进蜜就越快,从形态上说明皖南中蜂是较理想的蜜蜂种群。皖南中蜂种群内遗传变异丰富,种群形态性状的多态性、多型性及其生态地理变异式样,具有生态适应意义。     

中华蜜蜂形态遗传分析方法的研究

本文以3个中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana种群为模型,测定常用的30个形态变量数据,通过比较逐步判别分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等多种多变量统计方法的分析结果,找出适合划分中华蜜蜂种群、揭示种群间遗传关系的数据分析方法.结果表明:逐步判别分析对于划分中华蜜蜂种群效果最好,并可进行准确率检验;与聚类分析联用有助...