不同大花类群淫羊藿属植物的花部特征及生殖特征研究

淫羊藿是我国重要的草本植物,在中药、功能性食品和园林观赏等领域都具有重要用途,受地域差异性影响,淫羊藿属植物的植株形态、花部特征、开花物候和生殖特征各不相同。本研究对四川不同产地野生种群大花类淫羊藿（巫山淫羊藿、粗毛淫羊藿和宝兴淫羊藿）的开花动态、花部特征、访花昆虫与繁殖系统进行了对比研究。结果表明：（1）3种淫羊藿属植物的开花期较为集中,巫山淫羊藿和粗毛淫羊藿的花期为3月下旬～4月下旬,单花花期均为3～4 d;宝兴淫羊藿的花期为4月中旬～5月中旬,单花花期5～6 d;（2）膜翅目和双翅目昆虫为3种淫羊藿属植物的有效访花者,有效访花者访花特性与花部特征之间具有明显的相关性;（3）3种淫羊藿属植物的花序、花和果实的数量受所处环境影响较大,自然结实率：巫山淫羊藿>宝兴淫羊藿>粗毛淫羊藿;温度和光照是最主要的影响因子。     

六种贵州淫羊藿属植物的核型分析

用压片法对原产贵州的六种淫羊藿属植物的根尖有丝分裂中期染色体核型进行了比较研究。结果表明:这6种淫羊藿在核型上基本相同,都有1对中间随体染色体,而且都为对称核型。箭叶淫羊藿、粗毛淫羊藿、巫山淫羊藿、黔北淫羊藿、四川淫羊藿的核型公式均为6m(2SAT)+6sm,而黔岭淫羊藿的为8m(2SAT)+4sm。     

基于高通量测序的3种淫羊藿叶片内生细菌群落结构研究

了解3种淫羊藿内生细菌群落的结构和组成,为淫羊藿内生菌资源的开发及利用提供参考.采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,分析了粗毛淫羊藿、箭叶淫羊藿及巫山淫羊藿新叶和老叶内生细菌群落的结构和组成.3种淫羊藿叶片内生细菌群落组成结果显示,门水平的优势菌群主要包括变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门,优势菌属主要为甲基杆菌...     

偏斜淫羊藿化学成分研究

采用70%乙醇超声波辅助提取偏斜淫羊藿（Epimedium truncatum H.R.Liang）叶片中的类黄酮化学成分,利用LC-MS联用技术鉴定其化合物组成,利用HPLC方法测定其主要活性成分的含量并与药典规定药材箭叶淫羊藿（Epimedium sagittatum）主要活性成分的含量进行比较。结果从偏斜淫羊藿叶片中鉴定出6个化合物：朝藿定B、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷、3,5,7-三羟基4’-甲氧基-8-异戊烯基黄酮-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（1→2）-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖甙、山奈苷。该6个化合物均为首次在该植物中发现。偏斜淫羊藿富含朝藿定C,其含量显著高于箭叶淫羊藿主要活性成分的总含量。结果表明LC-MS可以简单、快速地对淫羊藿化学成分进行定性和定量分析,偏斜淫羊藿富含朝藿定C,具有潜在的药用价值。     

淫羊藿中的新黄酮甙

淫羊藿甙(icariin,1)和1个新的黄酮甙类成分-新淫羊藿甙(neoicariin,2)已从中药淫羊藿(Epimedium sagittatum)的地上部分分到,新淫羊藿甙(2)的化学结构经光谱分析并通过^1H-^1H COSY,^1H-^1H NOE,HMQC,HMBC等二维核磁共振谱和化学方法鉴定为3,5,7-三羟基-4’-甲氧基-8-(2”,3”-环氧)异戊基黄酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖甙。     

淫羊藿属十二个种的核型

用细胞压片法对12个淫羊藿属(Epimedium)植物的根尖有丝分裂进行了观察,并对其核型进行了比较研究。结果表明:这12种淫羊藿在核型上基本相似,都有1对中间随体染色体,而且都为对称核型。粗毛淫羊藿(E.acuminatum)、印江淫羊藿(E.yinjiangense)、单叶淫羊藿(E.simplicifloum)、巫山淫羊藿(E.wushanense)、光叶淫羊藿(E.myrianthum)、宝兴淫羊藿(E.davidi)、罗甸淫羊藿(E.luodianense)、木鱼坪淫羊藿(E.franchetii)、箭叶淫羊藿(E.sagittatum)、E.pubigerum、高山淫羊藿(E.alpinum)等11个种的核型公式均为2n=2x=6m(2SAT) 6sm,而黔岭淫羊藿(E.leptorrhizum)的核型公式为2n=2x=8m(2SAT) 4sm。结果显示12种淫羊藿的体细胞染色体数目均为2n=12,基数X=6;都属于对称核型、都有1对中间随体;染色体均为m、sm两种类型。     

中国淫羊藿属(小檗科)二新种

报道了中国小檗科Berberidaceae淫羊藿属Epimedium两个新种,拟巫山淫羊藿Epimedium pseudowushanense B.L.Guo和青城山淫羊藿E.qingchengshanense G.Y.Zhong ＆ B.L.Guo。拟巫山淫羊藿产于贵州黔东南州和广西北部,一直因小叶片相似被误定为巫山淫羊藿Epimedium wushanense T.S.Ying,但二者花的结构极其不同。拟巫山淫羊藿以花瓣距细和瓣片有皱褶而与产于湖北的直距淫羊藿E.mikinorii Stearn相类似,但距较短,长仅10–15mm,瓣片小,小叶片狭卵形至披针形,叶背面被稀疏的白色长毛,具白粉,花瓣紫红色或紫色,内轮萼片宽卵形或卵形,可以区别。青城山淫羊藿局限分布于四川都江堰市青城山后山,该种为淫羊藿属雄蕊显著伸长的种类,与川鄂淫羊藿E.fargesii Franch.相似,但花各部较川鄂淫羊藿为小,花瓣瓣片大而圆,不裂,花丝紫色可以区别。     

淫羊藿属十二个种的核型

用细胞压片法对12 个淫羊藿属( Epimedium) 植物的根尖有丝分裂进行了观察, 并对其核型进行了比较研究。结果表明: 这12 种淫羊藿在核型上基本相似, 都有1 对中间随体染色体, 而且都为对称核型。粗毛淫羊藿( E. acuminatum) 、印江淫羊藿( E . yinjiangense )、单叶淫羊藿( E. simplicifloum) 、巫山淫羊藿( E. wushanense) 、光叶淫羊藿( E. myrianthum) 、宝兴淫羊藿( E. davidi) 、罗甸淫羊藿( E. luodianense) 、木鱼坪淫羊藿( E. franchetii ) 、箭叶淫羊藿( E. sagittatum) 、E. pubigerum、高山淫羊藿( E. alpinum) 等11 个种的核型公式均为2n = 2x= 6m (2SAT ) + 6sm, 而黔岭淫羊藿( E. leptorrhizum) 的核型公式为2n = 2x = 8m ( 2SAT ) + 4sm。结果显示12 种淫羊藿的体细胞染色体数目均为2n = 12 , 基数X = 6; 都属于对称核型、都有1 对中间随体; 染色体均为m、sm 两种类型。     

淫羊藿药理研究进展（综述）

对近三年淫羊藿药理作用的新进展进行总结,归纳了淫羊藿在生殖系统、骨组织、心血管、肿瘤、免疫力、记忆力和哮喘等方面的作用,以期对淫羊藿的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

盐胁迫对两种淫羊藿属植物生长及各器官总黄酮含量的影响

采用不同浓度NaCl(0、100、200、300和500 mmol/L)的Hoagland's培养液处理两种淫羊藿属植物--淫羊藿、箭叶淫羊藿幼苗,处理30 d后分别测定其株高、叶表面积、干物质生物量以及根、茎、叶的总黄酮含量,以明确淫羊藿属两种药用植物的抗盐特性.结果显示:(1)盐胁迫对淫羊藿和箭叶淫羊藿的生长均有影响,随着NaCl处理浓度的增加,淫羊藿、箭叶淫羊藿的株高和叶表面积均逐渐显著减小;各器官干物质生物量逐渐降低,但淫羊藿的干物质下降量较小(不显著),且同一处理下淫羊藿的生物量明显小于箭叶淫羊藿.(2)随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加,除淫羊藿茎的总黄酮含量一直呈下降趋势外,淫羊藿根、叶和箭叶淫羊藿根、茎、叶均呈现在低浓度范围内总黄酮含量增加,且箭叶淫羊藿的含量高于淫羊藿;而在高浓度盐胁迫下,其总黄酮含量均呈下降的趋势,且淫羊藿的含量高于箭叶淫羊藿.研究表明,淫羊藿的抗盐性明显高于箭叶淫羊藿,适于高盐土壤环境种植,但在低盐环境条件下,种植箭叶淫羊藿可显著提高总黄酮产量并提高经济效益.     

淫羊藿属植物查耳酮合成酶启动子序列的克隆及比较分析

采用TAIL-PCR技术从箭叶淫羊藿(Epimedium sagittatum)叶片中克隆得到查耳酮合成酶基因(Chalcone synthase)的启动子,命名为ECHSP, 长度为750 bp,其具有TATA BOX、CAAT BOX、MYB结合位点、MYC结合位点等元件。对箭叶淫羊藿、木鱼坪淫羊藿(E. franchetii)、粗毛淫羊藿(E. acuminatum)、直距淫羊藿(E. mikinorii)、黔岭淫羊藿(E. leptorrhizum)等5种植物的CHS启动子序列进行比较分析,结果表明,CHS启动子的核苷酸多态性丰富,表明CHS 的表达可能受到多种因素的灵活调节。ECHSP与其他植物的CHS启动子序列进行比较,其TATA box的位置可能与黄酮类化合物的积累相关。此外,进化分析表明ECHSP的核苷酸序列可应用于淫羊藿属植物的系统进化研究。     

Contents of Heavy Metals in Chinese Edible Herbs: Evidence from a Case Study of Epimedii Folium

Toxic heavy metal contamination in Chinese edible herbs has raised a worldwide concern. In this study, heavy metals in Epimedii Folium, an edible medicinal plant in China, were quantitatively analyzed. Variations of heavy metals in different species, in various organs (i.e., leaves, stems, and roots), in wild-growing and cultivated plants, and in 35 market samples of Epimedii Folium, were systematically investigated. In all of Epimedium samples, Hg (mercury) was not detectable (0.00 μg/g). Four species, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium sagittatum, Epimedium brevicornu, and Epimedium wushanense, were found to contain Cu (copper) and Pb (lead). And contents of Cu and Pb in E. brevicornu were significantly higher than those in other species (P < 0.01). In wild-growing and cultivated Epimedium plants, Cd (cadmium) and As (arsenic) were not detectable, and concentrations of Cu and Pb in wild-growing plants were significantly higher than those in cultivated plants (P < 0.01). Cd was not detectable in leaves, roots, and stems, while organ specificity was apparent in the distribution of Cu, As, and Pb. And the highest levels of Cu and Pb were observed in roots and leaves, respectively. In Chinese markets, several samples of Epimedii Folium contained excessive Cu, Cd, As, and Pb beyond the national permissible limits. In summary, there was a large variation of heavy metals among Epimedii Folium samples, and Cu and Pb were the most important heavy metals contaminating the edible medicinal plant. Application of Epimedii Folium to drug and food industries will need to focus more on toxic heavy metal contamination.     

不同品种淫羊藿黄酮类有效成分的主成分分析及对肾阳虚大鼠保护作用的研究

采用HPLC测定不同品种淫羊藿黄酮类即淫羊藿苷、朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C 4种有效成分含量,结合主成分分析对不同品种淫羊藿进行质量分析与评价,并考察淫羊藿对大鼠肾阳虚保护作用。将实验动物随机分为阳虚模型对照组(模型组)、金匮肾气丸干预组(阳性组)、淫羊藿低(125 mg/kg)、中(250 mg/kg)、高(500 mg/kg)剂量组。四周后测定肾阳虚大鼠血清中尿酸(UA)、肌酐(CRE)和尿素氮(BUN)。主成分分析结果显示,主成分1淫羊藿苷、朝藿定C和主成分2朝藿定B是影响样品质量评价的主要因子。12批淫羊藿药材整体质量较好。药理学结果显示,与空白组相比,大鼠血清中UA、CRE和BUN含量显著降低。上述结果表明:本方法同时测定淫羊藿黄酮类4种有效成分,为建立淫羊藿质量评价提供参考;淫羊藿对氢化可的松诱导的肾阳虚具有明显的保护作用,具有量效关系。     

基于近红外漫反射光谱快速测定淫羊藿蛋白质含量

采用近红外漫反射光谱技术对淫羊藿(Epimedium)的蛋白质含量进行快速且无损检测。近红外漫反射光谱经二阶导数处理、标准多元离散校正及主成分分析聚类处理后, 采用改进最小二乘法回归得到的定标模型预测效果最佳, 定标决定系数、交互验证标准差及交互验证相关系数分别为0.923、0.554和0.717。近红外光谱分析法的测定结果与用凯氏定氮法所得结果无显著差异, 两种方法测定值的相关性较高(R²=0.933 9)。重复性实验表明, 近红外光谱分析法的相对标准偏差为0.937%。该研究首次采用近红外光谱分析法测定了8种淫羊藿的蛋白质含量。该方法简便、精确, 在淫羊藿资源开发利用和药材质量控制方面具有参考意义。     

小檗科科尔切斯淫羊藿叶绿体全基因组研究

小檗科科尔切斯淫羊藿(Epimedium pinnatum Fisch.ex DC.)是分布于高加索地区的一种具有观赏和药用价值的多年生草本植物.本研究首次报道了科尔切斯淫羊藿的叶绿体全基因组序列.结果显示:科尔切斯淫羊藿叶绿体基因组全长为156155 bp,GC含量为38.82％;由一个大的单拷贝区(LSC,8942...     

Discovery of androecium color polymorphism in Epimedium pubescens with habitat preference of anther/pollen color in the genus

Aims Interspecific and intraspecific variation in flower color in natural populations provides an opportunity for us to understand the evolution and maintenance of diversity of floral traits. Compared to corolla color, little is known about the color polymorphism of sexual organs in flowering plants. To explore evolutionary transitions of androecium color and polymorphism within species, interspecific and intraspecific variation in androecium (anther and pollen) color in the genus Epimedium (Berberidaceae) was investigated.Methods To explore the geographical patterns of anther/pollen color variation in Epimedium species, data of 45 species were collected and their phylogeny was constructed based on available DNA sequences. To investigate whether intraspecific variation in androecium color relates to habitat preference, three environmental factors were measured in the field population of Epimedium pubescens in northeastern Sichuan, China, which plants had green or yellow androecia. Vegetative and reproductive traits of this species were compared between the two color morphs.Important findings Androecium (anther and pollen) color polymorphism in field populations of Epimedium pubescens is reported here where nine populations are monomorphic with a green androecium but three populations are dimorphic with individuals having either a green or a yellow androecium. Inflorescence stalk height, stalk diameter, leaf number, flower number and spur length (as well as spur and nectar volume) were not significantly different between two morphs. Compared to the yellow morph, the green morph had relatively larger leaves and anthers, but smaller sepals. The green morph produced more pollen and larger seeds, but the same number of ovules. Seed set was not significantly different between green and yellow morph. Investigations of environmental factors in the color dimorphic populations of E. pubescens indicated that the green morph was more likely to occur in habitats with relatively lower light intensity. The distribution survey of 45 Epimedium species showed that species with a green androecium tended to appear at lower elevations. Comparative phylogenetic analysis showed that transitions from yellow to a green androecium or to androecial color dimorphism occurred at least seven times. This genus, characterized by anther color diversity and containing some species with anther color polymorphism, provides a model system in which to study the evolution and maintenance of colorful sexual organs in flowering plants.     

中药紫草苦参洗液联合匹多莫德对尖锐湿疣患者MCP-1、Hp水平的影响

目的探讨中药紫草苦参洗液联合匹多莫德对生殖道尖锐湿疣患者免疫作用的影响。方法选择2014年9月~2015年12月我院收治的60例生殖道尖锐湿疣患者为研究对象,给予中药紫草苦参洗液联合匹多莫德治疗,并运用免疫组化实验方法对治疗前后疣体组织中MCP-1、结合珠蛋白进行检测,应用Motic彩色医学图文分析系统对阳性细胞进行定量分析。结果尖锐湿疣患者治疗后MCP-1升高,结合珠蛋白水平下降,与治疗前比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中药紫草苦参洗液联合匹多莫德可通过提高MCP-1和降低结合珠蛋白水平,刺激机体细胞免疫功能,打破尖锐湿疣的免疫逃逸机制,提高尖锐湿疣的治愈率。