过表达miR-155抑制BMP9诱导间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化

目的:研究过表达miR-155对BMP9诱导间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化的影响。方法:(1)用重组腺病毒Ad-BMP9(BMP9)诱导C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化,定量PCR(qPCR)检测miR-155的表达,RT-PCR检测Runx2和ALP的表达。(2)miR-155和BMP9共同处理C3H10T1/2细胞,qPCR检测miR-155的表达,ALP活性和染色检测早期成骨能力。(3)miR-155和BMP9共同处理C3H10T1/2细胞,诱导分化14d茜素红S染色检测晚期成骨能力。(4)miR-155和BMP9共同处理C3H10T1/2细胞,qPCR检测成骨分化相关基因Runx2、OSX、COL1A1、ALP、OCN和OPN的表达。(5)miR-155和BMP9共同处理C3H10T1/2细胞,Western blot检测p-Smad1/5/8、OCN和OPN蛋白水平的表达。(6)qPCR和Western blot分别检测HIF1α和VEGF的mRNA表达水平和蛋白质表达水平。(7)应用荧光素酶报告基因对miR-155的靶基因进行筛选和验证。结果:在BMP9诱导C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化过程中,过表达miR-155降低ALP活性及染色;减少钙盐沉积;成骨分化相关基因Runx2、OSX、COL1A1、ALP、OCN和OPN表达降低;抑制p-Smad1/5/8、OCN和OPN蛋白水平的表达;HIF1α和VEGF的mRNA和蛋白表达水平减少。在对靶基因的检测中,过表达miR-155可以抑制HIF1α蛋白水平的表达,但对其mRNA水平无明显影响。结论:miR-155过表达减弱BMP9诱导间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化,可能是通过抑制Smad/BMP信号通路发挥作用,也有可能是通过抑制靶基因HIF1α的表达来发挥作用。     

miR-155通过下调BMP9/Smad信号通路抑制间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化

该文研究了在诱导小鼠间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化过程中miR-155的作用及其是否是通过调控BMP9/Smad(bonemorphogenetic protein 9/drosophila mothers against de-capentaplegic)信号通路发挥作用。在诱导C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化过程中,采用实时定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR,q RT-PCR)检测miR-155水平的变化。转染miR-155模拟剂(miR-155)至C3H10T1/2细胞后,miR-155水平显著增高(P0.001),而转染其抑制剂(anti-miR-155)至C3H10T1/2细胞后,miR-155水平显著降低(P0.001)。转染后成骨诱导培养基诱导成骨7 d,碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性及染色结果显示,miR-155能显著降低C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化过程中的ALP活性(P0.01)、减弱ALP染色,而anti-miR-155则能逆转其作用。成骨诱导14 d茜素红S染色结果显示,miR-155组钙盐结节较对照组少,下调miR-155的水平后,钙盐沉积结节增多。q RT-RCR检测结果显示,miR-155显著降低BMP9 m RNA水平(P0.001),且miR-155组成骨基因Runx2和ALP表达均显著低于对照NC组(P0.05、P0.01)。Western blot检测BMP9、Runx2和p-Smad1/5/8蛋白质水平,结果显示,miR-155组蛋白质水平均显著降低(P0.01、P0.05、P0.001)。该研究结果提示,miR-155对C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化的抑制作用可能是通过抑制BMP9/Smad信号通路发挥作用的。     

Hmox1促进BMP9诱导C3H10T1/2细胞向成骨分化

目的:研究血红素加氧酶1(hemeoxygenase 1,Hmox1)在骨形态发生蛋白9(bone morphogenetic proteins 9,BMP9)诱导下间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2向成骨分化过程中发挥的作用。方法:用Ad-BMP9感染C3H10T1/2,分别用Q-PCR和Western blot检测Hmox1mRNA和蛋白水平的变化;Hmox1激动剂COPP处理BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色和活性测定检测早期成骨指标ALP的变化;过表达Hmox1的重组腺病毒(Ad-Hmox1)处理BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞,ALP染色和活性测定早期成骨指标ALP,茜素红染色检测晚期成骨指标钙盐沉积,Western blot检测成骨相关基因COL1A1。结果:Ad-BMP9感染C3H10T1/2后,Hmox1的mRNA及蛋白水平均升高;BMP9与Hmox1激动剂COPP联用与BMP9组相比ALP的活性增强;Ad-Hmox1可以增强BMP9诱导下C3H10T1/2细胞的ALP活性和钙盐沉积,以及成骨相关基因COL1A1表达。结论:Hmox1可以促进BMP9诱导下C3H10T1/2细胞的成骨分化。     

Hey1基因参与调控BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化

目的:观察发状分裂相关增强子Hey1在骨形态发生蛋白9(BMP9)诱导的小鼠间充质干细胞(MSCs)C3H10T1/2成骨分化中的作用。方法:包装Hey1、BMP9以及GFP的过表达慢病毒,并分别作用于C3H10T1/2细胞,RT-PCR和Western blot检测Hey1、BMP9以及GFP的慢病毒是否包装成功,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)检测早期成骨指标ALP的变化,茜素红S染色检测晚期成骨指标钙盐沉积,MTT检测Hey1对BMP9调控的C3H10T1/2细胞增值的影响,流式细胞术检测Hey1对BMP9调控的C3H10T1/2细胞周期的影响。结果:Hey1、BMP9以及GFP的慢病毒包装成功;在成骨分化早期,过表达Hey1基因可促进BMP9调控的C3H10T1/2细胞的成骨分化与增殖;在成骨分化晚期,过表达Hey1基因可促进BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞的成骨分化,并将BMP9调控的C3H10T1/2细胞周期阻滞在G1期。结论:Hey1基因可参与调控BMP9诱导的小鼠C3H10T1/2细胞的早晚期成骨分化,并对细胞的增殖与周期有一定的影响。     

RUNX2对BMP9诱导的间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化的影响

目的:研究和确认RUNX2在骨形态发生蛋白9(BMP9)诱导的间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化中的作用。方法:通过Western blot、RT-PCR、荧光素酶活性分析检测BMP9对RUNX2表达的影响;分别在过表达RUNX2和RNA干扰抑制RUNX2表达的情况下,利用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性测定和染色、钙盐沉积实验,免疫细胞化学和裸鼠皮下异位成骨实验分析RUNX2对于BMP9诱导的间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响。结果:BMP9可以促进RUNX2的表达;RUNX2体外可促进BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2的ALP活性和钙盐沉积,却抑制了OCN表达,RUNX2还可促进BMP9诱导的裸鼠皮下异位成骨;而在降低RUNX2表达后,BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞的ALP活性、钙盐沉积、OCN表达和裸鼠皮下异位成骨均受到抑制。结论:RUNX2可以促进BMP9诱导的间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化。     

DLX1对BMP9诱导的间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化的影响

目的:分析和确认转录因子DLX1在骨形态发生蛋白9(bone morphogenetic protein 9,BMP9)诱导的间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化中的作用。方法:首先,BMP9腺病毒感染C3H10T1/2细胞,RT-PCR和Western blot检测DLX1表达变化;随后,利用重组腺病毒技术分别过表达DLX1和RNA干扰(RNA Intenference,RNAi)抑制DLX1的表达,并利用碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline Phosphatase,ALP)染色、钙盐沉积实验(茜素红染色),免疫细胞化学检测骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)表达和裸鼠皮下异位成骨实验分析DLX1对于BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化的影响。荧光素酶报告基因实验和Western blot分析DLX1对于BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞Smad1/5/8信号途径的影响。结果:BMP9可以促进C3H10T1/2细胞中DLX1基因和蛋白表达水平;过表达DLX1在体外可进一步促进BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞的ALP活性、钙盐沉积以及OCN的表达,过表达DLX1亦可促进BMP9诱导的裸鼠皮下异位成骨;反之,RNAi抑制DLX1表达后,由BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞的ALP活性、钙盐沉积、OCN表达和裸鼠皮下异位成骨均相应受到抑制。过表达DLX1可进一步增强BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞中Smad/1/5/8的转录调控活性,RNAi降低DLX1表达则可抑制BMP9诱导Smad/1/5/8的转录调控活性。但是,无论过表达DLX1和RNAi降低DLX1表达均不会对BMP9诱导的Smad/1/5/8磷酸化造成影响。结论:DLX1可以调节BMP9诱导的间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化,其调节作用可能是通过影响Smad1/5/8信号的转录调控活性而实现的。     

BMP9经JNK激酶途径调控间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化

为了证实JNK激酶在骨形态发生蛋白9(bone morphogenetic proteins 9,BMP9) 诱导间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化中的作用,利用重组腺病毒将BMP9导入间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2. 通过碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性测定、钙盐沉积实验、荧光素酶报告基因检测、Western印迹和组织化学染色等方法,检测BMP9是否可经JNK激酶途径调控间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2向成骨分化.动物实验验证在RNA沉默JNK蛋白激酶后,对BMP9诱导间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2向成骨分化的影响．结果发现,BMP9可以增强JNK 激酶的磷酸化;利用JNK抑制剂SP600125抑制JNK激酶活性后,BMP9诱导的间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2的早期成骨指标ALP活性和晚期指标钙盐沉积均受到抑制,而且经典SMAD信号的活化也相应受到抑制;RNA干扰沉默JNK基因表达后,同样也可抑制BMP9 诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞的ALP活性和裸鼠皮下异位成骨．因此表明,BMP9可活化JNK激酶途径从而诱导间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2向成骨分化．     

Shh信号参与调控BMP9诱导的间充质干细胞成骨分化

目的：观察sonic hedgehog（Shh）信号通路在骨形态发生蛋白9（BMP9）诱导的小鼠间充质干细胞（MSCs）C3H10T1/2和C2C12成骨分化中的作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法：Shh信号通路抑制剂Cyclopamine和激活剂Purmorphamine以及过表达Shh腺病毒分别作用于BMP9处理的C3H10T1/2和C2C12细胞,碱性磷酸酶（ALP）检测早期成骨指标ALP,茜素红S染色检测晚期成骨指标钙盐沉积,RT-PCR检测Shh信号相关基因以及成骨关键转录因子的表达,Western blot检测Shh的表达,荧光素酶报告基因检测Smad1/5/8的转录调控活性。结果：BMP9促进Shh信号相关基因的表达,激活Shh信号可增强BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2和C2C12细胞早晚期成骨分化并促进了BMP9诱导的Smad荧光素酶活性,抑制Shh信号后作用相反。结论：激活Shh信号通路可促进BMP9诱导的小鼠MSCs成骨分化,抑制其活性后作用相反。     

研究报告：骨形态发生蛋白9通过p38激酶途径调控间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化

前期研究发现骨形态发生蛋白9(bone morphogenetic protein 9,BMP9)具有较强的诱导间充质干细胞成骨分化的能力.为进一步揭示其诱导和调控间充质干细胞成骨分化的机理,利用BMP9重组腺病毒感染间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2,通过体外细胞实验和体内动物实验,初步分析BMP9是否可通过p38激酶途径调控间充质干细胞成骨分化.结果发现,BMP9可以通过促进p38激酶磷酸化而导致其活化,p38抑制剂SB203580可抑制由BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞的碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,ALP)活性、骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)表达和钙盐沉积,而且利用抑制剂SB203580抑制p38激酶活性后,BMP9诱导的Smad经典途径的激活也相应受到抑制,RNA干扰导致p38基因沉默同样也可抑制BMP9诱导的ALP活性、OPN表达、钙盐沉积以及裸鼠皮下异位成骨.因此,BMP9可通过活化p38激酶途径调控间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化.     

骨形态发生蛋白9通过p38激酶途径调控间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化

前期研究发现骨形态发生蛋白9(bone morphogenetic protein 9,BMP9)具有较强的诱导间充质干细胞成骨分化的能力.为进一步揭示其诱导和调控间充质干细胞成骨分化的机理,利用BMP9重组腺病毒感染间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2,通过体外细胞实验和体内动物实验,初步分析BMP9是否可通过p38激酶途径调控间充质干细胞成骨分化.结果发现,BMP9可以通过促进p38激酶磷酸化而导致其活化,p38抑制剂SB203580可抑制由BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞的碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,ALP)活性、骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)表达和钙盐沉积,而且利用抑制剂SB203580抑制p38激酶活性后,BMP9诱导的Smad经典途径的激活也相应受到抑制,RNA干扰导致p38基因沉默同样也可抑制BMP9诱导的ALP活性、OPN表达、钙盐沉积以及裸鼠皮下异位成骨.因此,BMP9可通过活化p38激酶途径调控间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化.     

p38蛋白激酶参与BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化

目的:初步分析丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38在BMP9诱导间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成骨分化过程中的作用.方法:利用BMP9重组腺病毒感染C3H10T1/2细胞,Western blot检测p38激酶总蛋白表达水平和磷酸化水平.p38的特异性抑制剂SB203580抑制p38活性或RNA干扰抑制p38表达后,分析ALP活性...     

CREB/Wnt10b mediates the effect of COX-2 on promoting BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation via reducing adipogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells

Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of the most potent osteogenic factors, which may be a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering. However, the osteogenic capacity of BMP9 still need to be further enhanced. In this study, we determined the effect of Wnt10b on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) and the possible mechanism underlying this process. We introduced the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot analysis, histochemical stain, ectopic bone formation, and microcomputed tomography analysis to evaluate the effect of Wnt10b on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, PCR, Western blot analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunoprecipitation were used to analyze the possible relationship between BMP9 and Wnt10b. We found that BMP9 upregulates Wnt10b in C3H10T1/2 cells. Wnt10b increases the osteogenic markers and bone formation induced by BMP9 in C3H10T1/2 cells, and silencing Wnt10b decreases these effects of BMP9. Meanwhile, Wnt10b enhances the level of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 (p-Smad1/5/8) induced by BMP9, which can be reduced by silencing Wnt10b. On the contrary, Wnt10b inhibits adipogenic markers induced by BMP9, which can be decreased by silencing Wnt10b. Further analysis indicated that BMP9 upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element binding (p-CREB) simultaneously. COX-2 potentiates the effect of BMP9 on increasing p-CREB and Wnt10b, while silencing COX-2 decreases these effects. p-CREB interacts with p-Smad1/5/8 to bind the promoter of Wnt10b in C3H10T1/2 cells. Our findings suggested that Wnt10b can promote BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in MSCs, which may be mediated through enhancing BMP/Smad signal and reducing adipogenic differentiation; BMP9 may upregulate Wnt10b via the COX-2/p-CREB-dependent manner.     

激活Shh信号通路促进BMP9诱导的小鼠成肌细胞C2C12向成骨分化

近年来骨组织工程技术迅猛发展,小鼠成肌细胞C2C12因其来源广泛等优点可望成为有效的种子细胞应用于组织工程. 然而,对于C2C12细胞的成骨分化机制仍需深入研究. 为了观察Sonic hedgehog（Shh）信号通路对骨形态发生蛋白9（bone morphogenetic proteins 9,BMP9）诱导的C2C12细胞成骨分化的影响,构建过表达腺病毒Ad Shh,并作用于BMP9处理的C2C12细胞,检测碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase , ALP）的变化,茜素红S染色检测钙盐沉积,RT PCR检测Shh、骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)、骨钙素（osteocalcin,OCN）、Runx2、Dlx5、Id1和Id2基因表达,Western印迹检测Shh、OPN、OCN、Runx2和Dlx5的蛋白质表达,Micro-CT和H&E染色检测裸鼠皮下异位成骨包块情况. 结果表明,活化Shh信号通路可促进BMP9诱导的C2C12细胞早晚期成骨分化,以及裸鼠皮下异位成骨.体内外实验证明,Shh信号通路能促进BMP9诱导小鼠成肌细胞C2C12向成骨分化.     

孤儿核受体SHP敲减抑制BMP9诱导C3H10T1/2细胞的成骨分化

孤儿核受体SHP(small heterodimer partner)是核受体超家族中的一员,具有LXXLL模体及配体结合域,但无经典的DNA结合域.它可与多种转录因子结合,调节细胞的增殖、分化和代谢等生物学过程.但目前关于SHP在BMP9诱导成骨分化中的确切作用却尚不清楚.本研究证明,SHP参与BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化. RT-PCR结合Western印迹方法检测蛋白揭示,异位表达BMP9上调了SHP在C3H10T1/2细胞中的表达. 小干扰RNA敲减SHP基因在C3H10T1/2细胞的表达下调了成骨相关基因Runx2、Id1、Id2及CTGF的表达,而过表达BMP9则可上调这些基因的表达.碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性测定/染色及茜素红染色显示,敲减核受体SHP基因可抑制BMP9的成骨分化作用,而过表达BMP9可部分消除SHP 敲减导致的成骨抑制作用.上述结果提示,核受体SHP为BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞成骨分化所必需. 究竟BMP9如何上调SHP基因表达,以及SHP究竟通过何种机制上调BMP9下游成骨分化相关基因的表达尚待进一步研究.     

The Effects of Ce on the Proliferation, Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization Function of MC3T3-E1 Cells In Vitro

The effects of Ce on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization function of a murine preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 in vitro were investigated at cell and molecular levels. The results showed that Ce promoted the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization function of MC3T3-E1 cells at concentrations of 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1???M, but turned to inhibit the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization function at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000???M. Ce displayed the up-regulation of Runx2, BMP2, ALP, BSP, Col I and OCN genes at concentrations of 0.0001 and 0.1???M; these genes were down-regulated in the MC3T3-E1 cells treated with 1000???M Ce. The expression of BMP2, Runx2 and OCN proteins was promoted by Ce at concentrations of 0.0001 and 0.1???M, but these proteins were down-regulated after 1000???M Ce treatment. The results suggest that Ce likely up-regulates or down-regulates the expression of Runx2, which subsequently up- or down-regulates OB marker genes Col I and BMP2 at early stages and ALP and OCN at later stages of differentiation, thus causing to promote or inhibit the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization function of MC3T3-E1 cells.     

BMP9经Smad信号通路调控iSCAP成骨/成牙本质分化

目的：研究BMP9是否能够激活 iSCAP细胞中的Smad信号通路,以及Smad信号通路在BMP9诱导iSCAP细胞成骨/成牙本质向分化过程中的作用。方法：首先,采用Western印迹实验检测Ad-BMP9转染iSCAP后Smad1/5/8蛋白的磷酸化水平。随后,利用dnALK1重组腺病毒和BMP9条件培养基作用于iSCAP,Western印迹实验检测Smad1/5/8蛋白磷酸化水平;采用碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性检测和染色方法分析早期成骨/成牙本质指标变化,茜素红染色法检测钙盐沉积程度;RT-PCR成骨/成牙本质相关基因Runx2、OCN、OPN和DMP1表达的影响。结果：BMP9可上调iSCAP中Smad1/5/8的磷酸化水平;dnALK1抑制BMP9条件培养基作用后,可抑制Smad1/5/8的磷酸化,iSCAP细胞中早期成骨/成牙本质标志物ALP活性和晚期成骨/成牙本质标志钙盐结节减少,重要成骨转录因子Runx2基因表达减少,成骨/成牙本质相关基因OCN、OPN、DMP1的表达也受到了抑制。结论：Smad信号通路在BMP9诱导iSCAP成骨/成牙本质过程中存在并起着重要作用。     

Smads, p38 and ERK1/2 are involved in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells

Although previous studies have demonstrated that BMP9 is highly capable of inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, the molecular mechanism involved remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we showed that BMP9 simultaneously promotes the activation of Smad1/5/8, p38 and ERK1/2 in C3H10T1/2 cells. Knockdown of Smad4 with RNA interference reduced nuclear translocation of Smad1/5/8, and disrupted BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation was blocked by p38 inhibitor SB203580, whereas enhanced by ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059. SB203580 decreased BMP9-activated Smads singling, and yet PD98059 stimulated Smads singling in C3H10T1/2 cells. The effects of inhibitor were reproduced with adenovirus expressing siRNA targeted p38 and ERK1/2, respectively. Taken together, our findings revealed that Smads, p38 and ERK1/2 are involved in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. Also, it is noteworthy that p38 and ERK1/2 may play opposing regulatory roles in mediating BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells.