干旱胁迫下景天植物光合作用与超微弱发光的关系

该试验以德景天幼苗为试材,设计PEG、PEG+H_2O_2、PEG+苯甲酸钠、蒸馏水(CK)4个处理,分析20%PEG模拟干旱胁迫、以及活性氧调控干旱胁迫下超微弱发光(UWL)和光合作用参数的变化特征及其两者的关系,为揭示UWL的产生及其来源提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)在PEG模拟干旱胁迫过程中,CK和PEG处理的德景天叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)和叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、叶绿素总量(Chl)以及UWL强度均随处理时间呈下降趋势,但PEG处理的以上所有指标的下降较CK更快、降幅更大。(2)H_2O_2和苯甲酸钠调控PEG干旱胁迫过程中,PEG+H_2O_2、PEG+苯甲酸钠处理的Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、Chla、Chlb、Chl以及UWL强度的变化趋势与PEG处理基本一致,均随处理时间呈下降趋势,但PEG+H_2O_2处理的上述光合指标和UWL强度均低于PEG处理,PEG+苯甲酸钠处理的光合指标和UWL强度却均高于PEG处理。说明苯甲酸钠处理具有缓解干旱胁迫并提高UWL强度的作用。(3)相关分析显示,干旱胁迫及活性氧调控干旱胁迫下UWL强度均与各光合指标呈显著正相关关系。研究发现,在干旱胁迫和活性氧调控干旱胁迫下德景天光合作用参数较CK均明显下降,UWL强度也随之明显降低;德景天叶片UWL强度随着光合作用效率的下降而降低,说明植物UWL的产生与其光合作用的强弱显著相关,植物UWL强度能够反映植物受到的逆境胁迫的程度。     

水分胁迫下苹果幼苗超弱发光及一些生理特性的变化

以苹果属八棱海棠和平邑田茶当年实生幼苗为试材,研究了在用15％ PEG 6000溶液模拟干旱处理条件下幼苗的超弱发光(ultraweak luminescence,UWL)及ATP含量、呼吸与活性氧(O2^-)产生速率等一些生理特性的变化。结果表明,随水分胁迫时间的延长,幼苗的UWL、ATP含量、蛋白质含量均呈下降趋势,呼吸速率先升后降,而丙二醛(MDA)含量与O2^-的产生速率呈明显上升趋势。品种间各指标比较表明,八棱海棠比平邑田茶具有较强的抗水分胁迫能力,UWL反映幼苗品种抗旱性结果与用其它生理指标测定的结果一致。分析认为,幼苗UWL强度没有随胁迫下氧自由基的增加而增加,说明活性氧不是导致UWL的唯一原因。苹果幼苗UWL的变化是受环境及体内代谢等多种因素的影响,并且与其自身的生长与代谢活性更密切。     

24-表油菜素内酯预处理对干旱胁迫下葡萄幼苗抗氧化系统和渗透调节物质的影响

以酿酒葡萄‘雷司令’(Riesling)一年生营养袋扦插苗为材料,采用人工气候室水培试验,考察在聚乙二醇6000(PEG)模拟干旱条件下,不同浓度(0.05、0.10和0.20mg/L)24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)预处理对‘雷司令’幼苗活性氧、抗氧化物质、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响,以揭示EBR预处理对干旱胁迫下葡萄幼苗的抗旱机理。结果显示:(1)与正常生长(对照)相比,干旱胁迫显著提高葡萄幼苗叶片中超氧阴离子自由基(■)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量;与干旱胁迫处理(PEG)相比,不同浓度EBR预处理均可降低叶片中■、H_2O_2和MDA的含量。(2)与对照相比,PEG处理显著降低葡萄幼苗叶片的抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量;与PEG处理相比,各浓度EBR预处理均可显著提高葡萄叶片AsA与GSH的含量,且以0.10mg/LEBR处理效果最好。(3)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,葡萄幼苗叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)与抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,而在正常生长条件下酶活性基本保持不变;EBR预处理的葡萄叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性均始终高于同期PEG处理。(4)PEG处理条件下,渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的含量整体高于对照;与PEG处理相比,不同浓度EBR预处理在干旱胁迫中后期均能显著提高葡萄叶片中脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量。研究表明,在干旱胁迫下,外源EBR预处理能够提高葡萄叶片抗氧化系统酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,有效降低干旱胁迫诱导的活性氧过度积累及膜脂过氧化程度,提高葡萄幼苗的抗旱能力,且以0.10mg/L EBR处理效果最佳。     

盐胁迫下欧李叶片叶绿体结构及功能与超微弱发光激发的关系

为初步探索叶绿体及其功能与超微弱发光（Ultraweak luminescence,UWL）激发的关系,揭示UWL与植物生长生理的关系及植物中UWL产生的来源,本试验以欧李（Cerasus humilis）为材料,采用室内盆栽试验,设置不同浓度盐胁迫处理,研究盐胁迫下欧李叶片的叶绿体结构和功能（叶绿素代谢、光系统Ⅱ活性、光合性能和能量水平）及UWL的变化规律和相关性。结果表明：（1）盐胁迫降低了欧李叶片的UWL强度,且盐浓度越高,UWL强度下降程度越大;（2）盐胁迫破坏了欧李叶片叶绿体结构,并降低了其功能,具体表现为叶绿素合成主要前体物质（ALA、Mg-ProtoⅨ）含量显著降低,叶绿素降解酶叶绿素酶（Chlase）活性显著升高,导致叶绿素（Chla、Chlb、Car和Chla+b）含量显著降低;同时欧李叶片FV/Fm、FV/FO、PIABS、RC/CSm、φE0和ΨE0快速下降,光系统Ⅱ活性受到严重抑制;进一步Pn、Tr、Gs下降,Ci同时升高,光合性能显著减弱;ATP含量和EC的显著降低,导致能量水平整体下降;（3）欧李叶片UWL强度与其叶绿素代谢物质及叶绿素含量（ALA、Mg-ProtoⅨ、Chla、Chlb、Car和Chla+b）、光系统Ⅱ活性（FV/Fm、FV/FO、PIABS、RC/CSm、φE0、ΨE0）、光合性能（Pn、Tr、Gs）及能量水平（ATP、EC）等参数均呈显著或极显著性正相关关系。（4）盐浓度越高,胁迫时间越长,欧李叶片UWL强度与叶绿体功能各指标变化程度越大,且高浓度处理下的相关性整体高于低浓度处理。可见,在盐胁迫条件下,欧李叶片叶绿体结构被破坏,同时其功能受到损伤活力下降,从而导致UWL强度降低;UWL强度与叶绿体及其功能关系密切,叶绿体可能是UWL的细胞器之一;UWL强度可以用来反映欧李叶片受盐胁迫伤害的程度。     

活性氧和能量调控下草莓果实衰老与超微弱发光的关系

该试验以‘红颜’草莓果实为试材,用过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和茶多酚(TP)、呼吸链解偶联剂——2,4-二硝基苯酚(DNP)和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)处理草莓果实,研究促进和清除活性氧以及抑制能量生成和促进能量条件下,草莓果实衰老进程和超微弱发光(UPE)的变化,探讨UPE与草莓果实衰老的关系,为了解UPE与植物成熟衰老的关系提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)在草莓果实采后衰老过程中,果实硬度持续下降,失重率和腐烂率持续上升,同时其UPE强度下降。(2)H_2O_2处理和DNP处理的果实硬度均低于对照,而其失重率和腐烂率均高于对照,同时两种处理果实的UPE强度均低于对照。(3)茶多酚处理和ATP处理的果实硬度均高于对照,而其失重率和腐烂率均低于对照,同时两种处理的UPE强度均高于对照。研究发现,活性氧调控和能量调控均能影响草莓果实的UPE强度和衰老程度,活性氧的增加加剧了果实衰老和UPE强度下降,而清除活性氧则延缓了果实衰老和UPE强度下降;抑制ATP生成加剧了果实衰老进程和UPE强度下降,增加ATP则延缓了果实衰老和UPE强度下降;UPE强度随着草莓果实逐渐衰老而下降,UPE强度与草莓果实衰老有关,反映了草莓果实的衰老进程。     

盐及干旱胁迫对油菜抗氧化系统和RbohC、RbohF基因表达的影响

以白菜型油菜‘陇油6号’和‘天油2号’为试验材料,经MAPK抑制剂U0126、H_2O_2清除剂DMTU、NADPH氧化酶抑制剂DPI和IMD预处理后再分别进行盐胁迫、PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究其对两种油菜幼苗活性氧、抗氧化酶活性和RbohC、RbohF基因表达的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫和PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫下,两种白菜型油菜中H_2O_2积累量上升,O_2^-·积累量下降,抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶APX和谷胱甘肽还原酶GR)活性和RbohC、RbohF基因表达均升高.与单独胁迫处理相比,两种油菜O_2^-·积累、抗氧化酶活性和RbohC、RbohF基因的表达量均明显降低,经DMTU、DPI和IMD预处理后再分别进行盐和干旱胁迫,H_2O_2积累量下降,但U0126预处理后再进行胁迫处理,H_2O_2积累量上升.说明NADPH氧化酶、MAP激酶级联途径、H_2O_2参与了盐、干旱胁迫下活性氧产生、抗氧化酶活性变化和RbohC、RbohF基因表达的调控.     

H_2S对干旱胁迫下白三叶幼苗抗氧化防御能力的影响

以‘拉丁诺’白三叶(Trifolium repens cv.‘Ladino’)为试验材料,研究外源H2S处理对PEG6 000(聚乙二醇)模拟干旱胁迫下白三叶叶片相对含水量(RWC)、膜脂过氧化、活性氧成分、抗氧化酶、抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环代谢和非酶抗氧化物质的影响,以揭示H_2S调控白三叶抗旱性的生理机制。结果显示:(1)0.2 mmol/L的外源NaHS(H_2S供体)能显著提高干旱胁迫下白三叶的叶片相对含水量,维持显著较低的电解质渗透率(EL)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。(2)与直接干旱胁迫相比,干旱胁迫下外源添加NaHS处理的白三叶叶片内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著增强,抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环代谢中关键酶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、单脱水抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及其抗氧化中间产物抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量也显著提高。(3)叶片类黄酮、总酚和原花青素的含量在一定的胁迫时间范围内亦显著增加,并伴随着活性氧成分O_2~(-·)产生速率和H_2O_2水平降低。研究认为,外源H2S能通过促进干旱胁迫下白三叶体内的多重抗氧化防御能力来提高其幼苗的抗旱性。     

外源ATP对盐胁迫下油菜幼苗生长的影响

研究了外源ATP处理对盐胁迫下油菜幼苗生长的影响,探讨了过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和钙离子(Ca~(2+))作为信号分子在ATP对油菜幼苗耐盐性调控过程中的作用。结果表明:与单独Na Cl处理相比,ATP+Na Cl处理降低了油菜幼苗死细胞数量、ROS(■和H_2O_2)含量、离子(Ca~(2+)、Na~+、Cl~-)含量、MDA含量及Na~+/K~+比和相对电导率,增加了叶片中叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)活性,提高了抗氧化酶基因(CAT、SOD、APX、GR)、NADPH氧化酶基因(RBOHD、RBOHF)、P5CS1基因、MAPK激酶基因(MAPK3、MAPK6)、耐盐基因(NHX1、SOS1)转录;与ATP+Na Cl处理相比,ATP+Na Cl+抑制剂(DPI、DMTU和EGTA)处理下油菜幼苗中相对电导率、MDA、叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)活性及上述基因表达量均呈不同程度降低,表明外源ATP可提高Na Cl胁迫下油菜叶片细胞活性、ROS含量、离子含量、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性及相关基因的表达量,缓解膜质损伤。此外,H_2O_2和Ca~(2+)信号分子也参与了ATP增强油菜幼苗耐盐性过程的调控。     

NaCl胁迫下离体小麦叶片内抗坏血酸与几种生理生化指标变化的关系(简报)

随着NSCl胁迫时间的延长和胁迫强度的增加，离体小麦叶片内抗坏血酸含量逐渐减少。活性氧清除剂（甘露醇、苯甲酸钠和巯基乙醇）处理可缓解由NaCl胁迫所引起的抗坏血酸含量下降。NaCl胁迫下，叶片内O2和MDA含量增加，叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿体的Hill反应活力、叶片光合速率、叶片和线粒体呼吸速率均下降，而外源抗坏血酸对这些过程均有缓解作用。     

杏花开放过程中超弱发光和ATP及活性氧含量的变化

以巴旦水杏 (Prunus armeniaca,Ameniacavulgaris Lam.)为试验材料,研究了杏花开放过程中花朵的超弱发光(ultraweak 1 uminescence,UWL)变化及其与ATP含量、呼吸速率、活性氧产生速率等的关系.结果表明,杏花开放的前半期(盛花期以前),超氧自由基产生速率与丙二醛含量变化平缓,UWL、ATP含量、呼吸速率及蛋白质含量呈上升趋势.盛花期过后,呼吸速率、蛋白质和ATP含量迅速降低,UWL强度缓慢下降,而超氧自由基的产生速率与丙二醛含量迅速升高.分析后认为,杏花的超微弱发光与以ATP含量为标志的能量水平密切相关,同时也受体内活性氧及其它物质代谢的影响;盛花期以前ATP可能是导致UWL升高的主要因素,盛花期过后,活性氧可能对花体的UWL变化起了部分的调节作用.     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Molecular phylogeny of Phebalium (Rutaceae: Boronieae) and related genera based on the nrDNA regions ITS 1+2

Parsimony analyses of the internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS 1 & ITS 2) for 38 taxa sampled from the Phebalium group (Rutaceae: Boronieae) and two outgroups confirm that, with the exception of Phebalium sensu stricto and Rhadinothamnus, six of the currently recognised genera within the group are monophyletic. The data indicate that Phebaliums. str. is paraphyletic with respect to Microcybe, and Rhadinothamnus is paraphyletic with respect to Chorilaena. Rhadinothamnus and Chorilaena together are the sister group to Nematolepis. Drummondita, included as an outgroup taxon, clustered within the ingroup as sister to Muiriantha and related to Asterolasia.The phylogeny suggests that the evolution of major clades within a number of these genera (e.g. Phebalium) relates to vicariance events between eastern and south-western Australia. Leionema is an eastern genus, with the most basal taxon being the morphologically distinct Leionema ellipticum from northern Queensland. Leionema also includes one species from New Zealand, but this species (as with some others) proved difficult to sequence and its phylogenetic position remains unknown. Taxonomic changes at the generic level are recommended.The authors wish to thank Paul G.Wilson, PERTH, for advice and discussion, and Paul Forster, BRI, for collecting and providing material of Leionema ellipticum. The project was supported by a Melbourne University Postgraduate Award (to BM), the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Australian Systematic Botany Society and Wolf Den (Australia) Investments.     

New species and new combinations in Peruvian Orchidaceae

seventeen new species and combinations are proposed in the generaChondrorhyncha, Cischweinfia, Cochlioda, Eloyella, Encyclia, Kefersteinia, Koellensteinia, Macroclinium, Rodriguezia, Solenidiopsis, andStenia. All new species are illustrated. A key is provided for 2-flowered species ofMacroclinium, PeruvianSigmatostalix, and PeruvianStenia. Solenidium (Solenidiopsis) peruvianum Schltr. is lectotypified.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Biological control of three floating water weeds,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salviniamolesta</Emphasis> in the Republic of Congo

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.     

安徽牯牛降的丝孢菌Ⅰ

本文报导作者采自安徽枯牛降自然保护区的18种丝孢菌,分属于5个属,其中有3个新种:牛皮冻生尾孢(Cercospora paederiicola),山鸡椒假尾饱(Pseudocercospora litseae-cubebae),鸡血藤生假尾孢(P. millettiicola)和2个中国新纪录。文中对新种进行了描述及绘图,新记录种作了简要说明。研究的标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

Changes of dung beetle communities from rainforests towards agroforestry systems and annual cultures in Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Little is known about how tropical land-use systems contribute to the conservation of functionally important insect groups, including dung beetles. In a study at the margin of Lore Lindu National Park (a biodiversity hotspot in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia) dung-beetle communities were sampled in natural forest, young secondary forest, agroforestry systems (cacao plantations with shade trees) and annual cultures (maize fields), each with four replicates (n = 16 sites). At each site we used 10 pitfall traps, baited with cattle dung, along a 100 m transect for six 3-day periods. The number of trapped specimens and species richness at the natural forest sites was higher than in all land-use systems, which did not significantly differ. Each land-use system contained, on average, 75% of the species richness of the natural forest, thereby indicating their importance for conservation. However, a two-dimensional scaling plot based on NESS indices (m = 6) indicated distinct dung beetle communities for both forest types, while agroforestry systems and annual cultures exhibited a pronounced overlap. Mean body size of dung beetles was not significantly influenced by land-use intensity. Five of the six most abundant dung beetle species were recorded in all habitats, whereas the abundance of five other species was significantly related to habitat type. Mean local abundance and number of occupied sites were closely correlated, further indicating little habitat specialisation. The low dung beetle diversity (total of 18 recorded species) may be due to the absence of larger mammals in Sulawesi during historical times, even though Sulawesi is the largest island of Wallacea. In conclusion, the dung beetle fauna of the lower montane forest zone in Central Sulawesi appears to be relatively robust to man-made habitat changes and the majority of species did not exhibit strong habitat preferences.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.