B型肉毒毒素轻链的高效制备及活性鉴定

目的:在大肠杆菌中高效表达B型肉毒毒素轻链(BoNT/BLC)并纯化,研究其生物学活性。方法:根据报道的BoNT/B LC基因序列设计引物,从肉毒梭菌中扩增BoNT/BLC基因片段,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-22b中,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)Rosetta感受态细胞,构建重组大肠杆菌pET-22b BoNT/BLC/BL21(DE3)Rosetta,在20℃条件下用IPTG诱导目的蛋白表达,表达产物经His Trap FF柱纯化,用SDS-PAGE对目的蛋白进行鉴定,并利用相应底物对纯化产物进行生物活性分析。结果与结论:构建了重组大肠杆菌pET-22b BoNT/BLC/BL21(DE3)Rosetta,BoNT/BLC表达量达到了细菌总蛋白的30%左右,通过一步亲和纯化目的蛋白后经SDS-PAGE检测其纯度在95%以上,制备的重组LC的酶活略高于B型肉毒毒素全毒素,可作为试剂用于BoNT/BLC抑制剂高通量体外检测方法的研究。     

人分泌磷蛋白2基因的克隆、原核表达与活性检测

提取人肝癌组织RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增人SPP2成熟蛋白编码区基因并克隆至原核表达载体pET-22b（＋）,将测序正确的质粒转化大肠杆菌BL2l（DE3）,IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达,用Ni-NTA柱进行纯化,SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot检测并证实目的蛋白的表达,通过重组蛋白对木瓜蛋白酶的抑制作用验证其生物学活性。重组质粒测序和酶切结果显示SPP2成熟蛋白基因已成功克隆到pET-22b（＋）。IPTG诱导重组菌后有25kDa大小的目的蛋白表达。优化诱导表达条件,获得可溶性表达的目的蛋白,纯化后纯度达90%,western blot表明其具有His标签抗原活性。重组SPP2成熟蛋白可抑制木瓜蛋白酶的水解作用（酪蛋白为底物）,重量抑制比为1∶3.1,抑制比活性为2511U/mg。     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白A3BCD主要抗原结构域的原核表达

目的：对猪瘟病毒E2蛋白A3BCD进行原核表达,以期获得具有抗原活性的表达产物。方法：利用反转录PCR（RT-PCR）和套式PCR（nPCR）技术从河南省近期流行猪瘟病毒野毒株中扩增得到E2基因,并将其克隆至pUCm-T载体,构建克隆载体pUCm-TE2;利用PCR方法扩增E2基因的主要抗原域A3BCD,克隆至pET-32a（＋）载体,构建表达载体pET-32aE2-2,转化到大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）中,用IPTG进行诱导表达,对诱导产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting分析。结果：SDS-PAGE结果显示在相对分子质量约35000处出现预期条带,表达产物主要以包涵体形式存在;Western-blotting检测表明,表达产物能与猪瘟病毒阳性血清发生特异性反应,出现单一反应带;用8mol／L尿素（pH8.0）溶解包涵体,经Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化,获得纯度较高的目的蛋白,ELISA检测表明能与猪瘟抗体阳性血清发生特异性反应。结论：重组质粒pET-32aE2-2转化大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）,解除了由于稀有密码子造成的表达限制,表达量得到提高;表达产物为硫氧还蛋白和E2-2的融合蛋白,易于纯化,且具有活性,为研制猪瘟抗体ELISA检测试剂盒奠定了基础。     

多形拟杆菌肝素酶Ⅰ的SUMO融合表达及酶学特性分析

【目的】克隆多形拟杆菌(Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) Heparinase I基因,在大肠杆菌(Escherichiac。")中进行基因工程表达获得重组酶SUMO-Bt-HepI和Bt-HepI,并研究其酶学特性。【方法】对B.thetaiotaomicron肝素酶I (Bt-HepI)的基因序列进行密码子优化,PCR扩增得到目的基因,构建表达载体pET-28a-Bt-HepI和pE-SUMO-Bt-HepI,并转化至E. colt Rosetta (DE3)进行表达,分别得到重组产物Bt-HepI和SUMO-Bt-HepI,以肝素钠为底物研究两者的酶学性质。【结果】SDS-PAGE检测显示Bt-HepI和SUMO-Bt-HepI的分子量大小分别约为42.5 kDa和55 kDa。与Bt-HepI相比,融合SUMO-Tag后的肝素酶I比酶活提高了 48.9%。酶学性质表明:Bt-HepI和SUMO-Bt-HepI的最适pH和温度均为pH 9、45℃,二者在pH 5-9都具有很好的稳定性,但pH<5时,SUMO-Bt-HepI的耐酸性明显高于Bt-HepI0同时,在温度低于50 ℃时,SUMO-Bt-HepI的比酶活高于Bt-Hepl。此外,Ca^2+和Mg^2+对重组肝素酶I具有明显的促进作用,而CU^2+、Mr^2+、Zt^2+则表现出一定的抑制作用,提示在多形拟杆菌肝素酶I的结构中除了存在已知的Ca2+结合位点外,可能还存在Mg2+的结合位点。【结论】本研究首次将多形拟杆菌来源的肝素酶I和SUMO-Tag进行了融合表达,使其比酶活得到了显著的提高,为其生产应用奠定了基础。     

火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶基因克隆、表达纯化和酶学性质研究

【目的】在大肠杆菌中表达火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶,纯化得到重组火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶,在此基础上系统研究火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶的酶学特征。【方法】构建8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶重组表达质粒,将重组质粒转化Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3),利用IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白,通过Ni2+亲和层析柱纯化重组蛋白;最后利用含8-氧鸟嘌呤损伤的寡核苷酸作为底物,测定8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶的酶学性质。【结果】在大肠杆菌中成功诱导表达了重组火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶,经Ni2+亲和纯化后蛋白纯度大于95%。在体外鉴定了重组火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶的酶学性质。结果表明重组火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶可以切除DNA中的8-氧鸟嘌呤(8-Oxo-G,GO)损伤碱基,并且具有AP裂解酶活性。重组火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶催化反应的最适pH值和温度分别是pH 8.5和55°C。除Zn2+对火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶的酶促反应有明显的抑制作用外,实验中测定的其它二价离子(Mn2+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Ni2+,Co2+,Cu2+)对其没有明显的影响。离子强度在50-100 mmol/L范围内对其酶促反应影响不大,超过100 mmol/L时有明显的抑制作用。与8-氧鸟嘌呤互补的碱基差异对火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶切除8-氧鸟嘌呤损伤的效率影响不大;但与单链DNA相比,双链DNA是优选底物,切割效率如下:GO/C≈GO/G≈GO/T≈GO/AGO/-。【结论】在大肠杆菌中成功表达,并Ni2+亲和纯化了火球菌8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶,生化研究表明制备的重组蛋白具有8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖苷酶活性,可能负责切除火球菌基因组DNA中的8-氧鸟嘌呤损伤。     

硫酸乙酰肝素3-O硫酸基转移酶5的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

经过PCR克隆得到硫酸乙酰肝素3-O硫酸基转移酶5(3-OST-5)的基因,将其与大肠杆菌表达载体pET-15b连接后,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,使用镍亲和层析柱纯化得到具有活性的3-OST-5。经测定纯化后的3-OST-5比活达到0.58 U/mg,是纯化前的5.27倍,回收率达80.4%。在此基础上,研究了该酶的酶学性质,酶反应的最适温度为35℃,稳定范围为20-40℃;最适pH为7.0,在pH7.0-9.0范围内稳定。在反应液中加入终浓度为1 mmol/L的K+、Ca2+、Ba2+对酶促反应有一定的促进作用。     

干酪乳杆菌L-乳酸脱氢酶在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及酶学性质

L-乳酸脱氢酶(L-lactate dehydrogenase,L-LDH)是发酵生产L-乳酸中催化丙酮酸转化成L-乳酸的关键酶。以干酪乳杆菌G-02(Lactobacillus casei G-02)基因组DNA为模板,克隆得到L-LDH基因(ldhL),经序列分析后将其连接到表达载体pET-28a(+)上,构建成重组质粒pET-ldhL转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,实现ldhL基因的表达。30°C加入IPTG诱导表达后,经镍柱亲和层析纯化的重组蛋白样品通过SDS-PAGE分析,约在40 kD处出现显著的特异性条带。对表达的L-LDH生物学特异性研究显示:重组L-LDH的比酶活为1 722 U/mg,最适反应温度为40°C-45°C;果糖-1,6-二磷酸(FBP)为别构激活剂,使最适pH向中性方向偏移(pH为6.6-6.8),Mn2+可拓宽最适酶活pH范围;Mn2+、Ca2+和Mg2+对L-LDH有激活作用,而Zn2+对L-LDH有抑制作用。     

黑曲霉α-葡萄糖苷酶cDNA的克隆及表达

研究黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)M-1菌株的α-葡萄糖苷酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆及表达。以M-1菌株的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR扩增α-葡萄糖转苷酶的cDNA,重组到Trc启动子控制下的表达载体pSE380中,构建重组质粒pSE-αtg,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行IPTG诱导表达。初步研究表明:重组蛋白具有葡萄糖苷酶活性,最适pH为6.0,最适温度为45℃,金属离子Cu2 和Mn2 对酶活力有明显的促进作用。添加1.6mmol/L IPTG对重组菌的诱导作用最大,在培养中添加麦芽糖,对重组菌产酶有显著的促进作用。     

极端嗜热菌Thermus thermophilus HB8中天冬氨酸转氨酶在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

为获得具有热稳定性的天冬氨酸转氨酶,从极端嗜热细菌Thermus thermophilus HB8中克隆得到天冬氨酸转氨酶基因aspC,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)和Rosetta(DE3)中进行表达,发现在Rosetta(DE3)中具有较高的表达量。重组酶的最适反应pH是7.0,37℃下在pH8～10的缓冲液中保温1h酶活几乎不改变。重组酶反应的最适温度为75℃,酶活稳定的温度范围为25～55℃。重组酶在65℃时半衰期为3.5h,75℃时为2.5h。重组酶的KmKG为7.559mmol/L,VmaxKG为0.086mmol/(L·min),KmAsp为2.031mmol/L,VmaxAsp为0·024mmol/(L·min)。Ca2 、Fe3 、Mn2 等金属离子对酶活性有微弱抑制作用。     

A型肉毒毒素轻链的原核表达、纯化及活性鉴定

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化A型肉毒毒素轻链(Bo NT/A LC),研究其生物学活性。方法:根据Gen Bank中报道的Bo NT/A LC基因序列设计特异引物,从肉毒梭菌中扩增Bo NT/A LC基因片段,构建重组大肠杆菌p ET-32a Bo NT/A LC/BL21(DE3)Rosetta,IPTG诱导目的蛋白高效表达,表达产物经Ni螯合亲和层析纯化,SDS-PAGE鉴定目的蛋白,并利用相应底物对纯化产物进行生物活性分析和酶活动力学测定。结果与结论:构建了重组大肠杆菌p ET-32a Bo NT/A LC/BL21(DE3)Rosetta,原核表达获得高水平可溶性重组Bo NT/A LC,纯化得到纯度较高的蛋白质,重组Bo NT/A LC的酶活略高于A型肉毒毒素全毒素,可作为试剂用于Bo NT/A LC抑制剂高通量体外检测方法研究。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.