间隙感染和冠周炎标本中厌氧菌的分离鉴定和体外药效学的研究

本文报告１７０例间隙感染和２１０例冠周炎标本中厌氧菌分离鉴定及体外药效学试验的结果。８９．４％间隙感染标本中检出的厌氧菌,以产黑色素类杆菌、具核梭杆菌和衣氏放线菌较为多见。８４．３％冠周炎标本中检出的厌氧菌,以消化链球菌、韦荣球菌和具核梭杆菌较为多见。纸片扩散法药敏试验和ＭＩＣ测定结果表明替硝唑和克林霉素抗厌氧菌作用明显较甲硝唑和乙酰螺旋霉素为强（ｘ~＞１０．７４,Ｐ＜０．０１）;替硝唑与克林霉素的抗菌谱有差异,时Ｇ~-厌氧菌,替硝唑抑菌活性明显优于克林霉素,对Ｇ~＋厌氧菌,替硝唑抑菌活性不如克林霉素（ｘ~２＞２５．１９,ｐ＜０．０１）。     

成人牙周炎龈下套氧菌分离鉴定及药敏试验结果分析

分离并鉴定了329例成人牙周炎龈下优势厌氧菌群,并对不同病程中的菌群变迁、厌氧菌的药物敏感性进行了分析.成人牙周炎龈下标本中厌氧菌阳性检出率为97.9%,其中以牙龈紫质单胞菌检出率最高(38.5%),具核梭杆菌次之(18.9%).随着牙周病变程度的加重,牙龈紫质单胞菌、具核梭杆菌、产黑色素普氏菌、星群厌氧链球菌、厌氧消化链球菌的检出率增高(P＜0.05),小韦荣球菌的检出率下降(P＜0.01),表明前5种厌氧菌在AP发病过程中有重要作用,小韦荣球菌与之无关.替硝唑、甲硝唑和克林霉素对438株革兰氏阴性厌氧菌的MIC90分别为1～8,2～8和4～16 mg/L,对278株革兰氏阳性厌氧菌的MIC90分别为16～32,16～64和4～16 mg/L,表明替硝唑和甲硝唑体外抗革兰氏阴性厌氧菌效果优于克林霉素,抗革兰氏阳性厌氧菌作用不如克林霉素.     

派丽奥治疗牙周炎的细菌学研究

目的 评价牙科用派丽奥软膏对中度和中重度牙周炎患者的疗效,并与牙周临床常用药物“牙康”（甲硝唑）进行比较。方法 口腔临床38例中度和中重度成人牙周炎患者被纳入,并随机分为派丽奥试验组和牙康对照组,将派丽奥软膏缓缓注入牙周袋内,给药量约0．05ml。每周给1次药,共给药2次。采用厌氧培养方法测定用药前后牙周袋内病原菌的变化。结果 派丽奥软膏对牙周袋内病原菌有很好的抗菌作用,其有效率为90％;对梭杆菌、消化链球菌、优杆菌、产黑色素的革兰阴性厌氧杆菌如牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌等牙周主要病原菌有明显的抗菌作用（P〈0．05）。结论 派丽奥软膏与牙康比较抗菌作用差异无显著性（P〉0．05）．     

儿童乳牙根尖周炎感染根管厌氧细菌学分析

目的：报告50例5-8.5岁儿童根尖周炎患者感染根管73颗乳牙厌氧菌分离鉴定及体外药敏试验的结果,方法：采用K-B法。结果：89.04%(65/73)的患牙共检出厌氧菌150株,平均每例标本检出2.3株,常用抗厌氧菌药物替硝唑（TNZ）、甲硝唑（MNZ）对革兰阴性厌氧菌（产黑色素普氏菌,中间普氏菌,解脲拟杆菌,具核梭杆菌,牙龈二氧化碳噬纤维菌）有较好的抑菌作用;林可霉素对革兰阳性厌氧菌（厌氧消化链球菌,嗜酸乳杆菌）的作用则强于TNZ和MNZ,氯霉素（C）和乙旋螺旋霉素（AS）抗厌氧菌的作用则弱于前三者。结论：分析儿童乳牙根尖周炎感染根管菌群来决定抗菌药物的选择,在临床治疗上是必要的。     

替硝唑体内抗厌氧菌感染作用的研究

本项研究观察了替硝唑对类杆菌,经腹腔感染小鼠的体内保护作用。结果显示替硝唑对脆弱类杆菌和产黑色素类杆菌感染的小鼠,均具有良好的保护作用,两株菌感染的半数有效剂量（ＥＤ５０）分别为１１．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１３．０４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。与甲硝唑相比,两者无显著性差异。     

天然蜂胶牙泰治疗冠周炎的临床实验研究

作者将用蜜蜂产品蜂胶制成的蜂胶牙泰（酊剂）用于治疗冠周炎,同时与１％碘甘油对比观察,以评价蜂胶牙泰的临床疗效及体内抑菌作用。选冠周炎患者６０例,试验组４５例（其中３０例同时兼作体内抑菌试验）,对照组１５例。体内抑菌试验结果表明３０例经蜂胶牙泰治疗后冠周袋内５种主要致病菌菌落数、厌氧菌总数、需氧菌总数、总菌数明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而１５例经１％碘甘油治疗后盲袋内细菌数下降不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。临床实验研究结果,蜂胶牙泰组有效率为４８．９％,１％碘甘油组有效率为２０．０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。蜂胶牙泰治疗冠周炎临床疗效优于传统药物１％碘甘油,且对口腔粘膜无刺激无毒副作用,是一种有前途的冠周炎局部用药。     

绝经前后细菌性阴道病厌氧菌群及耐药性分析

目的了解绝经前后细菌性阴道病患者标本中优势厌氧菌群,检测厌氧菌分离株对5-硝基咪唑类和林可霉素类抗生素的耐药性。方法采集165例未绝经和125例绝经阴道病患者以及84例未绝经和68例绝经正常妇女的阴道分泌物,测定其pH。采用选择性厌氧培养基分离类杆菌、梭杆菌、乳杆菌、优杆菌、消化链球菌和消化球菌,将分离的厌氧菌株鉴定至种。同时采用二倍平皿稀释法,测定塞克硝唑、替硝唑、甲硝唑、林可霉素和克林霉素对760株厌氧菌的最低抑菌浓度。结果100%细菌性阴道病患者、97.6%未绝经和98.5%绝经正常妇女的阴道分泌物中分离出厌氧菌。阴道炎患者标本中,类杆菌属、普氏菌属和紫质单胞菌属厌氧菌分离率高于相应对照组(P<0.05;P<0.01),其中以多毛类杆菌、腐败类杆菌、脆弱类杆菌、产黑普氏菌、不解糖紫质单胞菌为优势菌群;梭杆菌属、优杆菌属、消化球菌属和消化链球菌属厌氧菌分离率与相应对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);乳杆菌属分离率明显低于相应对照组(P<0.01)。未绝经正常妇女和患者及绝经正常妇女和患者阴道分泌物pH分别为4.5±0.2、5.5±0.8、6.5±0.3和6.5±1.0。塞克硝唑、替硝唑和甲硝唑对355株革兰阴性厌氧菌M IC90值为1~8μg/m l,林可霉素和克林霉素则为4~16μg/m l;塞克硝唑、替硝唑和甲硝唑对405株革兰阳性厌氧菌M IC90值为8~32μg/m l,林可霉素和克林霉素则为4~16μg/m l。     

牙周炎患者菌斑细菌的药敏分析

目的:了解牙周炎患者龈下菌斑细菌对于口腔常用抗菌药物的敏感性.方法:从慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中分离培养牙周可疑致病菌,测定6种口腔常用抗菌药物对其的最低抑菌浓度,分析以上致病菌对这几类抗菌药物的敏感性.结果:共从50名慢性牙周炎患者牙周袋中分离培养72株革兰阴性厌氧菌进行药物敏感试验.全部实验菌株都对阿莫西林/克拉维酸敏感.对甲硝唑、替硝唑、奥硝唑未见耐药株产生.结论:对于慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中分离的厌氧菌,阿莫西林/克拉维酸和硝基咪唑类药物甲硝唑、替硝唑和奥硝唑的抑菌作用强.     

口源性口臭患者主要厌氧菌的分布

目的分析口臭患者龈下菌斑和舌苔上主要相关厌氧菌的分布情况。方法选择口腔门诊中口臭患者29例,鼻闻法来确定产臭部位和非产臭部位;分别采集龈下菌斑和舌苔标本接种在非选择性培养基和核梭杆菌选择性培养基,厌氧培养5d后记录非选择性培养基上生长的细菌总数、产黑色素细菌总数及核梭杆菌选择性培养基上生长的目的菌总数。结果29例患者中,15例患者的口臭主要来源于龈缘菌斑,10例主要来源于舌苔,4例患者的口臭由龈缘菌斑和舌苔共同产生;产臭部位和非产臭部位相比,细菌总数、产黑色素菌和具核梭杆菌数都明显上升（P〈0．01）。结论口源性口臭患者口气变化与产黑色素细菌、核梭杆菌相关。     

盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗急性智齿冠周炎对冠周袋内菌群的影响及疗效观察

目的探讨盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗急性智齿冠周炎对冠周袋内菌群的影响及疗效。方法选择96例急性智齿冠周炎患者,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均予以2%过氧化氢溶液和0.9%生理盐水冲洗智齿冠周、盲袋,观察组冲洗后在智齿冠周及盲袋处注入盐酸米诺环素软膏1次,对照组注入2%碘甘油,1次/d,连用3 d。3 d后观察两组的治疗效果及不良反应,同时在治疗前与治疗3 d后检测冠周袋内细菌,观察并比较两种治疗方式对患者冠周袋内细菌的影响。结果治疗3 d后,两组患者冠周袋内细菌数值均较治疗前降低(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组降低的幅度大于对照组(P0.05);治疗3 d后,观察组治疗总有效率明显优于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗期间均未出现不良反应。结论采用盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗急性智齿冠周炎能有效抑制患齿冠周袋内细菌数量,疗效较碘甘油治疗更佳,是一种安全有效的治疗方式。     

现代化分支杆菌菌库和基因库的建立与管理

医院分支杆菌菌库和基因库的建立 ,应用了计算机管理 ,不仅使各类菌及其相关资料得到系统管理 ,也为进一步研究和临床制定治疗计划提供了可靠信息 ,是医院现代化建设不可缺少的一环。     

紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势

本文分别从生物资源,药理学,化学合成和组织培养方面对红豆杉植物中紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究工作进行了综述,从中可以了解紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势。     

MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF NEW SPECIES OF SCHIZAEA AND ACTINOSTACHYS

The gametophyte, old embryo, and sporophyte of Schizaea pseudodichotoma sp. nov., sporophyte and female parental gametophyte of S. diversispora hybr. nov. (S. pseudodicholoma X probably S. dichotoma), sporophyte of S. rhacoindusiata sp. nov., and gametophyte, old embryo, and sporophyte of Actinostachys macrofunda sp. nov. are described. The taxonomy of Schizaea is discussed and the system of Diels is strongly supported. The two sectional names used by Diels, Euschizaea Hook, and Lophidium Rich, are replaced by Pectinatae Prantl and Schizaea respectively. The prime morphological significance of Schizaea pseudodicholoma lies in its leafless embryo and its simple leaf differing from other species in its section, and that of Actinostachys macrofunda lies in its reduction to nearly complete heterotrophic existence and its frequent multiple annulus. Fungal hyphae have been traced from Schizaea and Actinostachys through the substratum and into root nodules of Casuarina and into roots of two other angiosperms.     

DISTRIBUTION OF AMINO ACIDS AND OF EXO- AND ENDOPEPTIDASES ALONG VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE NERVES

Abstract— The proximo-distal gradients for representative peptidases, peptidylpeptide hydrolases, and amino acids were measured in segments of peripheral nerve from invertebrates and vertebrates and in the lobster brain and ventral cord.
Crustacean nerve was characterized by a large pool of free amino acids totaling 100–200 μmoles/g wet wt. In lobster nerve, the principal free amino acid was aspartic acid which comprised 55 per cent of the free pool, whereas in the rat sciatic nerve it comprised only 5 per cent. The principal free amino acid in rat sciatic nerve was taurine (32 per cent of the pool) and in lobster brain glycine comprised 30 per cent of the pool. No consistent patterns emerged for the gradients along the nerves for amino acids and hydrolytic enzymes. In the leg nerve of the lobster, concentrations of aspartic acid and arginine were higher in the proximal region, and concentrations of proline and alanine were higher in the distal region. Concentrations of most amino acids were higher in the proximal regions of crab nerve, of lobster brain and ventral cord, and of rat sciatic nerve.
Rat sciatic nerve exhibited a pronounced proximo-distal increase in activity of aminopeptidase (Leu-Gly-Gly). In lobster leg nerve, activity of neutral proteinase was higher in the proximal segment, whereas activity of acid proteinase was higher in the distal segment. The best examples of proximo-distal gradients were found in lobster brain and ventral cord; activities of endopeptidases, arylamidases (Leu- and Arg-βNA), and aminopeptidase were higher in the supra-esophageal ganglia or cephalothorax segments than in the distal regions.     

ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLOWER AND FRUIT OF PERESKIA PITITACHE

Boke, Norman H. (U. Oklahoma, Norman.) Anatomy and development of the flower and fruit of Pereskia pititache. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50 (8): 843–858. Illus. 1963.—Flowers of P. pititache are about 6 cm in diameter and perigynous. The receptacle bears numerous broad bracts; the inner perianth segments are orange and deeply cleft; the numerous stamens develop centrifugally. The fundamentally superior gynoecium is broad and flat and consists of 10–18 connate carpels, the fertile portions of which are involute and adnate to the conical floral axis. The 8–16 ovules in each of the pocket-like locules are borne in 2 rows along the zone of adnation; placentation is axile. The short style and the style branches are lined with stigmatic tissue, which extends downward among the ovules. There is no definite stigma. The tip of the floral axis retains its meristematic characteristics beyond anthesis. In early fruit development, the rim of the floral cup grows in height, while the residual floral axis becomes a conspicuous peg-like columella. Concomitantly, the formation of numerous mucilage cells and cavities causes the ovary partitions and parts of the ovary roof to disintegrate. As a result, the seeds are contained in a single, moat-like cavity, which appears inferior. Late fruit development is characterized by the differentiation of numerous fiber sclereids in association with the extensive and complex vascular system.