PLGA-奥沙利铂缓释微球急性毒性实验

目的了解PLGA-奥沙利铂缓释微球和奥沙利铂小鼠皮下给药的急性毒性。方法采用Bliss法分别测定PLGA-奥沙利铂缓释微球和奥沙利铂小鼠皮下给药对动物的半数致死量（LD50）。结果PLGA-奥沙利铂缓释微球小鼠皮下给药时的LD50为660.90 mg/kg,奥沙利铂小鼠皮下给药时的LD50为15.24 mg/kg,相差达43.37倍。结论PLGA-奥沙利铂缓释微球能够显著降低药物对动物的急性毒性。     

维生素D_3联合5-氟尿嘧啶对人食管癌Eca-109细胞移植瘤VDR表达的影响

探讨维生素D3、5-氟尿嘧啶单独与联合使用对人食管癌Eca-109细胞移植瘤维生素D受体(vitamin Dreceptor,VDR)的作用.随机分为对照组(C)、预处理组(PT)、维生素D3组(V)、5-氟尿嘧啶组(F)、预处理+5-氟尿嘧啶组(PT+F)、维生素D3+5-氟尿嘧啶组(V+F).体外培养人食管癌Eca-109细胞,BALB/c裸鼠皮下荷瘤,2.5μg/kg1,25-(OH)2维生素D3、25 mg/kg 5-氟尿嘧啶单独与联合腹腔注射,观察瘤体生长情况,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹技术(Western blot)检测裸鼠瘤体组织VDR mRNA与蛋白的表达.研究发现1,25-(OH)2维生素D3、5-氟尿嘧啶均能抑制裸鼠移植瘤的生长,PT、V、F、PT+F、V+F组瘤体体积与C组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RT-PCR与Western blot结果显示经1,25-(OH)2维生素D3单独与联合5-氟尿嘧啶使用后瘤体组织中VDR mRNA和蛋白表达升高,且联合用药更为显著(P<0.05).结果表明1,25-(OH)2维生素D3、5-氟尿嘧啶均能抑制人食管癌Eca-1...     

危重病人预警蛋白质组指纹表达与无效化疗的相关性研究

目的:探索无效化疗与危重病人预警蛋白质组(LGT)指纹的相关性。方法:取昆明小鼠30只,平均体重19-22g,建立小鼠S180肉瘤动物模型,随机分为A(n=10)、B(n=5)、C(n=10)、D(n=5)四组,A组腹腔注射顺铂2.6mg/kg/d×4天,C组腹腔注射顺铂2.6mg/kg/d×8天,于用药结束后4天处死小鼠,B组和D组分别为肿瘤对照组(B组与A组处死小鼠时间相同,D组与C组处死时间相同,同时摘眼球取血进行SELDI(表面增强飞行时间质谱)技术检测,并计算瘤重。比较A组与B组、C组与D组之间肿瘤瘤重有无差异,并根据化疗后肿瘤与对照组比有无缩小分成化疗有效和无效组,比较二组之间LGT蛋白质组指纹出现率有无差异。结果:①模型鼠肿瘤瘤重与LGT蛋白质组指纹的出现率呈正相关,相关系数rs=1.00,P<0.01。A组瘤重与B组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05),C组瘤重明显高于D组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。②各组LGT蛋白质组指纹的出现率分别为:A组:55.6% B组:50% C组:22.2% D组:80%。A组的LGT蛋白质组指纹出现率高于C组,相比有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:无效化疗可造成模型鼠肿瘤的增大和LGT蛋白质组指纹出现率的增高,表明肿瘤增大是造成肿瘤模型小鼠死亡的重要原因。     

蝮蛇毒致小鼠肾损伤模型的建立

目的探索一种建立蝮蛇毒致肾损伤动物模型的方法。方法将清洁级12周龄雄性昆明小鼠72只,随机分为9组,每组8只,A、B、C组为不同时间的对照组（A-3h,B-3d,C-5d）;D、E、F组为蝮蛇毒1mg／kg肌注组（D-3h,E-3d,F-5d）;G、H、I组为蝮蛇毒2mg／kg肌注组（G-3h,H-3d,I-5d）。按照分组要求计算每组小鼠中每只小鼠需肌注的蝮蛇毒的总量．配制2种不同浓度的蝮蛇毒液．D、E、F、G、H、I组小鼠分别肌注不同浓度的蝮蛇毒液0．15ml,A、B、C组小鼠右臀部注射生理盐水0．15ml以进行对照。结果肌注蝮蛇毒后的小鼠均出现中毒症状,但各组小鼠均无死亡。E、F、H、I组小鼠的肾功能与正常对照组比较有明显差异（P〈0．05）。D、E、F、G、H、I组小鼠均有如下病理学改变：肾被膜下出血．肾皮质充血．肾小球充血。肾小囊扩大．肾小管周围毛细血管充血．肾小管肿胀。小管细胞变性等。结论肌注蝮蛇毒是一种建立蛇毒致小鼠肾损伤动物模型的较好方法。     

制备复合生长因子的缓释微球并考察其对细胞的影响

目的:制备复合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的可降解缓释微球,考察其生物活性保存情况,以及其对上皮细胞的作用。方法:采用改良的乳化冷凝法交联制备明胶缓释微球,将其加入上皮细胞的培养液中,用细胞计数法、四甲基偶氮唑盐微量反应比色法(MTT法)测定细胞增殖情况。结果:缓释微球平均粒径12.36±3.56μm;培养1 d后各组细胞计数、吸光度(D)值差异均无显著性意义;5d后,缓释微球组细胞计数、吸光度(D)值明显高于对照组;7 d后,缓释微球组值仍高于其它组,但差异无显著性意义。结论:复合生长因子的缓释微球制备工艺简便,成球性好;能较长时间持续释放活性生长因子,明显促进细胞增殖。     

2005年第16届国际生物学奥林匹克竞赛理论考试答案

题号答案题号答案题号答案题号答案题号答案题号答案题号答案题号答案l一l A l一2 B l一3 D 1-4 E 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 A 6 E 7 D 8 B 9 D l0 ll B l2 D l3 C l4 AC 15 E l6 B l7 B l8 B l9 A 20 C 2l B 22 E 23 B 24 D 25一l G 25一2 F 25一3 D 25--4 A 25一5 B 26 27 28 C 29 E 30     

C 阿霉素一纤维蛋白胶缓释化疗系统对S ,80 荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤实验研究

目的：探讨阿霉素-纤维蛋白胶缓释化疗系统对S180荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。方法：建立S180荷瘤小鼠模型,将30只模型小鼠分为四组：A组10只,阿霉素以2／剂量局部注入肿瘤内部。B组10只,瘤内注入阿霉素．纤维蛋白胶缓释系统0．2ml（含阿霉素2／）。C组10只。瘤块内注入纤维蛋白胶0．2ml。D组10只,空白对照组。给药后每3天测量记录一次肿瘤大小,观辑各组平均肿瘤体积缩小情况。结果：A、B、C、D四组的肿瘤缩小比率分别为50％、100％、20％、10％,肿瘤抑制率分别为36．85％、77．42％、6．00％、6．52％,与空白对照D组相比。A、B组对S180肉瘤抑制作用明显（P〈0．01）,而B组的抑瘤作用明显强于A组（P〈0．05）．C组与D组无明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论：阿霉素-纤维蛋白胶缓释化疗系统以及阿霉素均能够有效的抑制S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长。前者的抑瘤作用更为明显,可能是一种安全可靠的新化疗方式．     

口服特比萘芬联合外用联苯苄唑乳膏治疗足癣长期临床研究

目的 为足癣治疗提供较理想的方案.方法 盐酸特比萘芬250 mg,口服1次/d;1%联苯苄唑乳膏,外用1次/d.250例足癣患者随机入组.A组口服1周加外用1周,B组口服1周加外用2周,C组口服2周加外用1周,D组口服2周加外用2周,E组单独外用4周.在治疗结束时、治疗结束后4周、24周、40周、56周、72周时对各组的疗效、复发率进行评价.结果 在停药后第24周时,A、B、C、D组与E组疗效比较差异有统计学意义.在停药后第40周、56周、72周时,D组与A、B组疗效比较差异也出现统计学意义.在停药后24周、40周时,A、B、C、D组真菌学疗效与E组比较差异有统计学意义.在停药56周、72周时,D组与A、B组真菌学疗效比较差异也出现统计学意义.在停药40周时,A、B、C、D组与E组复发率比较差异有统计学意义.在停药56周、72周时,D组与A、B组复发率比较差异也出现统计学意义.结论 口服特比萘芬2周联合外用1%联苯苄唑乳膏2周治疗足癣的有效率和真菌学疗效最高,复发率最低.     

咖啡酸对食管鳞状细胞癌KYSE450裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响及分子机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨与研究咖啡酸对食管鳞状细胞癌KYSE450裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响及分子机制。方法：将食管鳞状细胞癌移植瘤裸鼠（n=48）随机平分为三组-模型组、5-氟尿嘧啶组与咖啡酸组。三组分别经腹腔注射0.2 mL生理盐水、5-氟尿嘧啶25 g/kg、5-氟尿嘧啶25 g/kg与咖啡酸50 mg/kg,2次/周,持续4周。结果：5-氟尿嘧啶组与咖啡酸组治疗第2周与第4周的体重高于模型组（P<0.05）,咖啡酸组高于5-氟尿嘧啶组（P<0.05）。5-氟尿嘧啶组与咖啡酸组治疗第2周与第4周的肿瘤体积少于模型组（P<0.05）,咖啡酸组高于5-氟尿嘧啶组（P<0.05）。5-氟尿嘧啶组与咖啡酸组治疗第4周的血清TNF-α与IL-6含量低于模型组（P<0.05）,咖啡酸组低于5-氟尿嘧啶组（P<0.05）。5-氟尿嘧啶组与咖啡酸组治疗第4周的移植瘤Bax、Caspase-3蛋白相对表达水平与凋亡指数高于模型组（P<0.05）,咖啡酸组高于5-氟尿嘧啶组（P<0.05）。结论：咖啡酸在食管鳞状细胞癌裸鼠的应用能与5-氟尿嘧啶发挥协同作用,能通过上调Bax、Caspase-3蛋白的表达,促进移植瘤细胞凋亡,抑制炎症因子的表达,减少血管总数,从而抑制移植瘤生长,促进恢复裸鼠体重。     

不同剂量甲泼尼龙对急性百草枯中毒大鼠早期肺损伤干预研究

目的:探讨不同剂量的甲泼尼龙(Methylprednisolone,MPS)对急性百草枯(paraquat,PQ)中毒大鼠早期肺损伤的疗效。方法:采用腹腔注射20%的PQ溶液制作大鼠急性PQ中毒的模型,随机均分为五组,正常对照组(A组)、染毒组(B组)、5mg/kg甲泼尼龙干预组(C组)、15mg/kg甲泼尼龙干预组(D组)、30mg/kg甲泼尼龙干预组(E组)。分三个不同时间点(24、72、168h)处死大鼠(每组每时间点6只)。观察各时间点大体标本,组织病理、肺系数和氧合指数。结果:光镜下肺组织病理学观察,与B组比较C、D、E组大鼠肺的病理学改变,肺泡腔内出血、渗出,炎性细胞浸润、肺泡隔炎性细胞浸润相对较轻,其中以C、E组减轻最为明显。在各组相同时间点肺系数:在三个时间点的值均比B组低(P<0.05),其中E组在24h、72h时间点上与C、D组有显著差异(P<0.05)。C、D、E组与B组的氧合指数的比较各个时间点上均与B组有差异(P<0.05),三组之间相互无明显差异。结论:本实验结果显示甲泼尼龙对急性百草枯中毒大鼠的肺损伤具有保护作用,且30mg/kg甲泼尼龙组要优于5mg/kg、15mg/kg甲泼尼龙组。     

不同剂量甲泼尼龙对急性百草枯中毒大鼠早期肺损伤干预研究

目的：探讨不同剂量的甲泼尼龙（Methylprednisolone,MPS）对急性百草枯（paraquat,PQ）中毒大鼠早期肺损伤的疗效。方法：采用腹腔注射20％的PQ溶液制作大鼠急性PQ中毒的模型,随机均分为五组,正常对照组（A组）、染毒组（B组）、5mg／kg甲泼尼龙干预组（C组）、15mg／kg甲泼尼龙干预组（D组）、30mg／kg甲泼尼龙干预组（E组）。分三个不同时间点（24、72、168h）处死大鼠（每组每时间点6只）。观察各时间点大体标本,组织病理、肺系数和氧合指数。结果：光镜下肺组织病理学观察,与B组比较C、D、E组大鼠肺的病理学改变,肺泡腔内出血、渗出,炎性细胞浸润、肺泡隔炎性细胞浸润相对较轻,其中以C、E组减轻最为明显。在各组相同时间点肺系数：在三个时间点的值均比B组低（P〈0．05）,其中E组在24h、72h时间点上与C、D组有显著差异（P〈0．05）。C、D、E组与B组的氧合指数的比较各个时间点上均与B组有差异（P〈0．05）,三组之间相互无明显差异。结论：本实验结果显示甲泼尼龙对急性百草枯中毒大鼠的肺损伤具有保护作用,且30mg／kg甲泼尼龙组要优于5mg／kg、15mg／kg甲泼尼龙组。     

Utilization by sheep of dried pig faeces containing a high concentration of copper

Seven groups of three sheep were given pelleted diets as follows: A, 97% hay + 3% molasses; B, C, D, 82% hay + 3% molasses + 15% dried pig faeces; E, F, G, 67% hay + 3% molasses + 30% dried pig faeces. In an attempt to counteract potential toxic effects of copper in the pig faeces (613 mg/kg dry matter), molybdenum was added to diets C and F at the rate of 90 mg/kg diet, and to diets D and G at the rate of 175 mg/kg diet. Sulphate was included in all diets at the rate of 1.08% of diet. Measurements were made of digestibility, copper retention, and plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) values during a 70-day feeding period, after which the animals were slaughtered.Dry matter digestibility coefficients were : diet A, 49.2; diets B, C, D, 44.4; diets E, F, G, 42.5, from which the coefficient for pig faeces alone is calculated to be < 30. Mean copper retention over the 70 days ranged from 210 mg for diet A to 1225 mg for diet G (excluding diet E which showed an aberrant retention of 53 ± 185 mg). Plasma GOT values fluctuated between diets and between sheep with a maximum value of 182 units/ml. Mean liver copper concentrations ranged from 718 mg/kg dry matter for diet A to 1740 mg/kg for diet E. Necrotic lesions occurred in some livers. Kidneys were apparently normal. There were no clear differences in copper status of animals receiving 15% versus 30% pig faeces except for a tendency for liver damage to be greater in the latter. There were no apparent effects of additions of molybdenum.The pig faeces were poorly utilized and, because of the high copper content, potentially hazardous to the health of the sheep.     

Neuroprotective Effects of Ebselen on Experimental Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in rapid and significant oxidative stress. This study was aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of Ebselen in comparison with Methylprednisolone in experimental SCI. Thirty six Wistar albino rats (200–250 g) were divided in to six groups; A (control), B (only laminectomy), C (Trauma; laminectomy + spinal trauma), D (Placebo group; laminectomy + spinal trauma + serum physiologic), E (Methylprednisolone group; laminectomy + spinal trauma + Methylprednisolone treated), F (Ebselen group; laminectomy + spinal trauma + Ebselen treated), containing 6 rats each. Spinal cord injury (SCI) was performed by placement of an aneurysm clip, extradurally at the level of T11–12. After this application, group A, B and C were not treated with any drug. Group D received 1 ml serum physiologic. Group E received 30 mg/kg Methylprednisolone and, Group F received 10 mg/kg Ebselen intraperitoneally (i.p.). Rats were neurologically examined 24 h after trauma and spinal cord tissue samples had been harvested for both biochemical and histopathological evaluation. All rats were paraplegic after SCI except the ones in group A and B. Neurological scores were not different in traumatized rats than that of non-traumatized ones. SCI significantly increased spinal cord tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels and also decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities compared to control. Methylprednisolone and Ebselen treatment decreased tissue MDA and PC levels and prevented inhibition of the enzymes SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in the tissues. However, the best results were obtained with Ebselen. In groups C and D, the neurons of the spinal cord tissue became extensively dark and degenerated with picnotic nuclei. The morphology of neurons in groups E and F were very well protected, but not as good as the control group. The number of neurons in the spinal cord tissues of the groups C and D were significantly less than the groups A, B, E and F. We concluded that the use of Ebselen treatment might have potential benefits in spinal cord tissue damage on clinical grounds.     

硒拮抗氟对肾脏损害的酶组织化学观察

本实验以酶组织化学方法（ＳＤＨ、ＬＤＨ、ＡＣＰ、ＡＬＰ）探讨硒对氟引起肾脏损害的拮抗作用。大鼠分为六组,Ａ组常规饮水;Ｂ组饮水含亚硒酸钠２ｍｇ／Ｌ;Ｃ组饮水中含氟化钠１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ;Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ组饮水中分别含氟化钠１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,依次含亚硒酸钠０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、２ｍｇ／Ｌ、４ｍｇ／Ｌ。８周后断头处死,观察肾脏组织中ＳＤＨ、ＬＤＨ、ＡＣＰ、ＡＬＰ的活性。结果表明,与Ａ组相比,Ｃ组近曲小管ＳＤＨ、ＡＬＰ活性减弱,ＬＤＨ、ＡＣＰ活性明显增加;Ｂ组ＳＤＨ、ＡＣＰ活性正常,基底膜清晰;Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ组均能提高ＳＤＨ活性,其中Ｅ组较稳定;Ｆ组ＡＣＰ活性较高。结果说明了氟引起肾近曲小管溶酶体的破坏,而硒（２ｍｇ／Ｌ）能稳定溶酶体膜,拮抗氟对肾脏的损害作用     

Dose-dependent induction of endogenous antioxidants in rat heart by chronic administration of garlic

The inhibitory property of garlic on free radical generation and lipid peroxidation has been reported in a number of in vitro studies. However, the in vivo effects of chronic garlic intake on the antioxidant milieu of heart has not been reported. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic garlic homogenate administration on myocardial endogenous antioxidants and lipid peroxidation at five different dosage levels (125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg; B, C, D, E, F groups respectively). Garlic homogenate was administered orally to Wistar albino rats (150-200 gms) of either sex 6 days/week for 30 days. Myocardial TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidants such as SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), catalase, GPx (glutathione peroxidase) and GSH (Reduced Glutathione) were estimated and histopathological changes were observed. Group F was excluded after 55% mortality occurred in 15 days. TBARS levels were significantly lower in groups B, C and D than that of control group (A). Catalase was increased significantly in groups C, D and E, whereas SOD increased significantly in groups B, C and D but decreased in group E. Significant increase in GSH in group E and significant reduction in GPx activity in group B were observed. Histopathological studies showed marked focal myocytolysis in group E. These results showed that chronic garlic intake dose dependently augmented endogenous antioxidants, which might have important direct cytoprotective effects on the heart, especially in the event of oxidant stress induced injury.     

石菖蒲及其活性成分-5-羟甲基糠醛对疲劳运动大鼠学习记忆的影响及其机制*

目的:研究石菖蒲及5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)对疲劳运动大鼠学习记忆和海马ERK/CREB信号的影响。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为:正常组(A)、运动组( B )、运动+HMF低、中、高剂量组(C、D、E)、运动+石菖蒲低、中、高剂量组( F、G、H ),每组10只。 并在疲劳运动开始前2 h分别以0.10、1.00和3.00 mg. kg^-1. wt^-1 HMF,灌胃C、D、E组,以0.12、1.20和4.80 g. kg^-1. wt^-1石菖蒲提取物,灌胃 F、G、H组。实验结束后采用水迷宫实验进行学习记忆检测,用免疫印迹法测定海马p-ERK1/2和p-CREB表达。结果:E和H组大鼠逃避潜伏期低于B、C、D、F和G组;穿越平台次数、p-ERK1/2、p-CREB蛋白表达高于B、C、D、F和G组(P均＜0.01);除E组p-ERK2蛋白表达低于A、H组(P＜0.05)外,上述各指标A、E、H组比较,差异均无显著性(P均＞0.05)。结论:石菖蒲及HMF能明显改善运动疲劳大鼠学习记忆,其机制与上调海马ERK/CREB信号有关。     

抗凝剂EDTA-Na2对家禽血液指标及基因组DNA的影响

[摘要]目的：分析不同浓度的抗凝剂EDTA-Na2对家禽血液指标及基因组DNA抽提的影响。方法：采集鸡血,分别加入0．6（A组）、0．9（B组）、1．2（C组）、1．5（D组）、1．8（E组）和2．1（F组）mg／mL的EDTA-Na2,立即检测白细胞总数（WBC）、淋巴细胞（LYM）、中间细胞（MID）、粒细胞（GRAN）、红细胞总数（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、血红蛋白含量（MCH）和血小板总数（PLT）,用SPSS软件分析检测数据;用酚-氯仿法提取添加不同量抗凝剂的血液基因组DNA,并进行PCR扩增,基因组DNA和PCR产物用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果：A组样品出现肉眼可见的凝块,B组有2／7样品有凝集现象,C、D、E和F组均无凝集现象。A组凝集现象严重无法进行血液指标测定,其余5组样品中,对于RBC和HGB指标,C组与B组相比无显著性差异,与D、E、F组差异极显著（P〈0．01）;对于PLT,C组与B组相比无显著性差异,与D、E、F组差异显著（P〈0．05）;WBC无显著变化。除A组外,各组均能获得质量较好的基因组DNA,并能扩增出目的条带。结论：除A组外,不同浓度的EDTA-Na2对基因组DNA提取和PCR扩增无影响。以EDTA-Na2作为禽血抗凝剂时,建议用量应不低于1．2mg／mL。     

Hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride and tolmetin in the treatment of diabetes insipidus of Brattleboro rats

To test the effects of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) alone and in combination with amiloride or tolmetin in the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, metabolic studies of 12 days each were carried out in 36 male, Brattleboro rats. They were divided into five groups as follows: (A) controls; (B) high dose HCTZ at 6 mg/rat/day; (C) low dose HCTZ at 3 mg/rat/day; (D) HCTZ identical to (C) but with addition of amiloride at 0.6 mg/rat/day; (E) HCTZ identical to (C) but with addition of tolmetin at 40 mg/rat/day. The immediate response to treatment was a significant increase in urinary sodium excretion from mean values (mEq/kg/day) of less than 11 to values higher than 13, except group E with mean value of 12. There was marked increase in urinary potassium excretion (mEq/kg/day), from mean control value of 15.5 to 21.5, 20.8, 18.5 and 17.7 in groups B, C, D and E, respectively. During the last three days of the study, mean urine osmolality (Uosm) and free water reabsorption (TCH2O) increased significantly: [formula: see text]. These indices were higher in groups B, D and E than in group C. Serum osmolality decreased only in groups B, C and D but not in the HCTZ-tolmetin groups. Similarly, serum sodium concentration was significantly lower in groups B, C and D compared to the control and the HCTZ-tolmetin groups. Serum potassium concentration was reduced in all the treated groups, but in both the groups treated with HCTZ-amiloride and HCTZ-tolmetin, the reduction was smaller than the one observed in the high-HCTZ treated group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

硫酸镁对脑源性肺损伤综合征的影响

目的探讨不同剂量的硫酸镁(MgSO4)对大鼠脑源性肺损伤后神经源性肺水肿、血浆炎性因子TNF-α及肺组织病理形态学变化的影响。方法将30只SD雄性大鼠按随机数字法分为假手术组(A组)、模型组(B组)及硫酸镁50mg/kg干预组(C组)、硫酸镁100mg/kg干预组(D组)、硫酸镁200mg/kg干预组(E组),每组6只。建立大鼠颅脑损伤模型后,硫酸镁干预组即刻按50mg/kg 25%MgSO4腹腔注射,C组注射1次、D组注射2次、E组注射4次,每8h注射1次。A组及B组的大鼠注射相同剂量生理盐水作对照,C组大鼠注射1次及D组大鼠注射2次MgSO4后给予注射相同剂量的生理盐水作对照,注射方法及间隔时间同E组。伤后48h测定大鼠肺组织含水量、血浆TNF-α浓度,肺组织常规HE染色,光镜观察肺组织病理形态学变化。结果大鼠颅脑创伤后肺组织含水量均高于假手术组,以C组最明显(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。B、C、D、E组大鼠之间肺组织含水量比较差异无统计学意义。B、C、D、E组大鼠TNF-α浓度均明显高于假手术组(P0.05),D组血浆TNF-α浓度明显低于B组(P0.05),E组血浆TNF-α浓度明显低于B组(P0.01),其他各组间差异无统计学意义。假手术组肺组织形态正常,肺血管无扩张,无炎症细胞浸润;B、C、D、E组与假手术组比较均可见终末支气管腔内充满炎症细胞,周围肺组织的肺泡腔内可见炎细胞浸润,肺血管扩张、充血。B、C、D、E组在炎症细胞浸润及肺毛细血管扩张方面无明显差异。结论脑外伤可导致脑源性肺损伤综合征,可导致神经源性肺水肿;硫酸镁可降低大鼠脑损伤后血浆TNF-α浓度,对肺水肿无明显影响。     

Trypanosoma evansi: effects of zinc and copper in experimentally infected rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a treatment using injectable zinc and copper in rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. 48 rats were divided into eight groups of six animals each. Group A was composed of uninfected animals. Animals from groups B-H were inoculated at the 5th day of experiment with 1.2×10(6) trypanosomes. Group B was used as a positive control. The infected groups received prophylactic (C, D and E) and therapeutic (F, G and H) treatments with the zinc and copper, both at a dose of 5 mg kg(-1). The effectiveness of treatment was confirmed by negative blood smears and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) at the end of study. All treated animals had their prepatent period and survival prolonged when compared with control group (group B). Treatment efficacy was 17% (C: zinc), 33% (D: copper), 50% (E: zinc+copper), 0% (F: zinc), 50% (G: copper) and 50% (H: zinc+copper). Thus, we can conclude that treatment with zinc and copper are capable of controlling and/or curing T. evansi infection in rats, delaying the parasitemia and prolonging their survival.