丁苯酞对颈动脉狭窄大鼠认知功能及海马CA1区神经元凋亡的影响及相关机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨与研究丁苯酞对颈动脉狭窄大鼠认知功能及海马CA1区神经元凋亡的影响及相关机制。方法：将颈动脉狭窄大鼠大鼠（n=42）随机为三组-模型组、低剂量丁苯酞（20 mg/kg）组和高剂量丁苯酞（40 mg/kg）组,每组14只。低剂量丁苯酞组与高剂量丁苯酞组每天给予20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg丁苯酞灌胃治疗,对照组给予等剂量的生理盐水灌胃,持续21 d。结果：低剂量丁苯酞组与高剂量丁苯酞组治疗第7 d、第14 d、第21 d的BBT评分低于模型组（P<0.05）,高剂量丁苯酞组低于低剂量丁苯酞组（P<0.05）。低剂量丁苯酞组与高剂量丁苯酞组治疗第21 d、第28 d的海马CA1区神经元凋亡指数低于模型组,高剂量丁苯酞组低于低剂量丁苯酞组（P<0.05）。低剂量丁苯酞组与高剂量丁苯酞组治疗第21 d、第28 d的脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性高于模型组（P<0.05）,丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）活性低于模型组（P<0.05）,高剂量丁苯酞组与低剂量丁苯酞组对比差异都有统计学意义（P<0.05）。低剂量丁苯酞组与高剂量丁苯酞组治疗第21 d、第28 d的海马CA1区BCL2-Associated X（Bax）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2,bcl-2）蛋白相对表达水平高于模型组（P<0.05）,高剂量丁苯酞组高于低剂量丁苯酞组（P<0.05）。结论：丁苯酞在颈动脉狭窄大鼠的应用能提高海马CA1区Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达,抑制神经元的凋亡,改善氧化应激状态,从而提高大鼠的认知功能。     

海马齿状回的5-HT_(1A)受体在大鼠主动回避学习中的作用

目的:探讨海马齿状回(DG)的5-HT1A受体在大鼠主动回避学习中的作用。方法:SD雄性大鼠36只,随机分为训练组、阻断剂组和激动剂组及相应的对照组(n=6)。在清醒自由状态下,用脑部微量透析法和高效液相色谱法观察海马DG的5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量在主动回避学习过程中的变化;向海马DG微量注射5-HT1A受体阻断剂WAY-100635或激动剂8-OH-DPAT,观察其对大鼠主动回避学习的影响。结果:1大鼠主动回避学习过程中,DG区细胞外液中的5-HT含量在条件反射建立过程中无显著变化,但实验性消退开始时出现明显升高,达到训练前的(164.90±26.07)%(P0.05);2每轮训练前,向DG微量注射WAY-100635对大鼠主动回避学习未产生显著影响;3每轮训练前向DG微量注射5-HT1A受体激动剂8-OH-DPAT,能促进条件反射的建立,并抑制条件反射的消退(均P0.05)。结论:激活海马DG区的5-HT1A受体可易化主动回避学习并巩固相关记忆。     

丁苯酞对酒精依赖大鼠海马谷氨酸含量及NR2B表达的影响

目的:研究丁苯酞(NBP)对酒精依赖大鼠海马谷氨酸(Glu)含量和NNMDA受体2B亚基(NR2B)表达的影响。方法:建立酒精成瘾大鼠模型,观察戒断症状,SYBR Green I荧光实时定量PCR技术检测海马区NR2BmRNA表达,高效液相色谱法检测海马组织中谷氨酸含量。结果:模型组大鼠戒断评分比正常组明显上升(P<0.01),NBP中、高剂量组与模型组相比,戒断评分明显下降(P<0.05),差异均有显著性;模型组大鼠海马区谷氨酸含量较正常组显著降低(P<0.01),差异有显著性,而各用药组与模型组相比,海马区谷氨酸含量差异无显著性(P>0.05);实时定量PCR结果表明模型组大鼠海马区NR2BmRNA表达较正常组明显增加(P<0.05),而NBP中、高剂量组与模型组相比,海马区NR2BmRNA表达明显减少,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:NBP能够减轻酒精依赖大鼠的戒断症状,可能与NBP抑制NR2BmRNA表达有关。     

丁苯酞对脑梗死模型大鼠血清及脑组织突触素及突触后致密物-95表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨丁苯酞对脑梗死模型大鼠血清及脑组织突触素及突触后致密物（postsynaptic density,PSD）-95表达的影响。方法：将建模成功的大鼠随机平分为三组-丁苯酞组、阿司匹林组与模型组各18只。三组分别给予腹腔注射丁苯酞注射液20 mg/kg+阿司匹林20 mg/kg、阿司匹林20 mg/kg与等体积的生理盐水,1次/d,检测血清及脑组织突触素及PSD-95表达变化情况。结果：（1）治疗第7 d与治疗第14 d后,丁苯酞组和阿司匹林组大鼠改良神经功能评分（Modified neurological severity scores,mNSS）均显著低于模型组（P<0.05）,丁苯酞组低于阿司匹林组（P<0.05）;（2）治疗第7 d与治疗第14 d,丁苯酞组、阿司匹林组大鼠的脑梗死体积百分比均显著低于模型组（P<0.05）,丁苯酞组低于阿司匹林组（P<0.05）;（3）治疗第7 d与治疗第14 d,丁苯酞组、阿司匹林组大鼠血清突触素及PSD-95表达水平均显著高于模型组（P<0.05）,丁苯酞组高于阿司匹林组（P<0.05）;（4）治疗第7 d与治疗第14 d后,丁苯酞组、阿司匹林组大鼠大脑组织突触素及PSD-95蛋白相对表达水平均显著高于模型组（P<0.05）,丁苯酞组高于阿司匹林组（P<0.05）。结论：丁苯酞在脑梗死模型大鼠的应用可促进大鼠血清及脑组织突触素及PSD-95的表达,并减小脑梗死面积,因而有利于大鼠的神经功能的恢复。     

帕金森病大鼠中缝背核5-羟色胺能神经元电活动的变化

本实验采用玻璃微电极细胞外记录法,观察了帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)大鼠中缝背核(dorsal raphe nucleus, DRN)5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)能神经元电活动的变化。在大鼠右侧中脑黑质致密部内微量注射6-羟多巴胺(6- hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)制作PD模型。结果显示,对照组和PD组大鼠DRN中5-HT能神经元的放电频率分别是(1．76±0．11)spikes／s(n=24)和(2．43±0．17)spikes／(n=21),PD组大鼠的放电频率显著高于对照组(P<0．001)。在对照组大鼠,92％(22／24)的神经元呈规则放电,8％(2／24)为爆发式放电;在PD组大鼠,具有规则、不规则和爆发式放电的神经元比例分别为9％(2／21)、43％(9／21)和48％(10／21),爆发式放电的5-HT能神经元比例明显高于对照组(P<0．001)。在对照组大鼠,DRN内局部注射5-HT1A拮抗剂WAY-100635(3μg/200nL)显著增加5-HT能神经元的放电频率而不影响其放电形式(n=19,P<0．002);而WAY-100635不改变PD组大鼠5-HT能神经元的放电频率和放电形式(n=17,P>0．05)。结果提示,用6-OHDA损毁黑质致密部造成的PD模型大鼠中神经元5-HT1A受体功能失调,并且DRN参与PD的病理生理学机制。     

海马多巴胺D1受体激活抑制谷氨酸介导的大鼠慢性应激性抑郁

本文旨在探讨在慢性应激性抑郁发生过程中多巴胺D1受体对谷氨酸及其离子型受体的影响。实验通过建立慢性不可预见性温和应激(chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)抑郁模型,结合海马微量注射多巴胺D1受体激动剂SKF38393、非竞争性N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid,NMDA)受体拮抗剂MK-801和α-氨基羟甲基异恶唑丙酸(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid,AMPA)受体的拮抗剂NBQX,运用糖水偏爱测试、旷场实验和悬尾实验等方法检测动物的行为表现,采用高效液相色谱法(high-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)和Western blot实验来检测海马内谷氨酸含量及其离子型受体关键亚基的表达。结果显示,与对照组相比,CUMS组大鼠表现出明显的抑郁样行为变化,且海马谷氨酸含量升高,其NMDA受体的NR1亚基与AMPA受体的GluR2/3亚基也明显下调;注射SKF38393后可明显改善应激引起的抑郁样行为,且海马谷氨酸含量显...     

低压低氧暴露对大鼠空间记忆及海马谷氨酸受体表达的影响*

目的:观察低压低氧暴露对成年大鼠空间记忆及谷氨酸递质系统受体(AMPA,NMDA)的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分成两组,对照组和低氧组(n=10),经过5天的Moriis水迷宫训练,分别接受常压和低压低氧暴露7天,再通过Morris水迷宫观察暴露后的空间记忆,western blot检测GluR1,NMDA受体表达情况。结果:水迷宫结果显示低压低氧暴露后,平均逃脱潜伏期增长,平台搜索能力下降。Western blot结果显示磷酸化的GLUR1受体和NMDA受体水平升高。结论:低压低氧暴露可诱导大鼠的空间记忆损伤,其机制可能与谷氨酸递质系统紊乱造成的兴奋性中毒有关。     

血管性痴呆大鼠海马区域GABA_AR α5表达的时空变化

目的:探究大鼠双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎(BCCAO)后,γ氨基丁酸A型受体α5亚单位(GABA_AR α5)在海马区域表达的时空变化。方法:将成年雄性SD大鼠50只随机分为假手术组(n=20)、模型组(n=30)。采用双侧颈总动脉结扎建立血管性痴呆大鼠模型,在手术后3、7、28天采用免疫印迹检测整体海马中GABA_AR α5蛋白的表达,用间接免疫荧光法分析大鼠海马CA1、CA3和DG区域空间表达变化。结果:术后3天,模型组相比GABA_AR α5表达水平假手术组下调(P0.05),而术后28天GABA_AR α5表达水平相术后3天明显回升(P0.05)。模型组术后3天CA1区域GABA_AR α5表达水平相比假手术组有所下调,术后28天以上指标较术后3天显著上调(P0.05),但两组CA3和DG区域GABA_AR α5表达水平比较差异并无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:BCCAO可引起海马区域GABA_AR α5表达的下调,并在术后各个时间点呈现时空变化。     

跑台运动对攻击行为大鼠内侧下丘脑和中脑导水管周围灰质5-HT1A受体、5-HT2A受体蛋白表达的影响

目的: 探讨跑台运动对攻击行为大鼠内侧下丘脑(MH)和中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)5-HT1A受体、5-HT2A受体蛋白表达的影响,为研究运动对攻击行为改善的神经生物学机制提供实验基础。方法: 3月龄雄性SD大鼠40只,体重160~180 g,随机分为4组:安静组(A)、攻击模型组(G)、攻击跑台组(GP)、入侵组(R)。A组和R组分别群居饲养,其中R组在建造攻击模型时作为外来入侵鼠,从开始造模到实验结束,入侵G组和GP组诱导攻击行为发生,在结果中不作处理。G组和GP组单笼饲养一周后,采用单笼喂养＋入侵鼠入侵建造攻击模型,大鼠攻击模型建立后,GP组进行跑台训练干预8周,每周5 d,每天30 min,17:00 ~ 20:00进行训练,训练负荷按照适应性低强度(15 m/min×10 min)→大强度(20 m/min×10 min)→恢复性低强度(15 m/min×10 min)这三个阶段连续完成,训练中的大强度每两周增加一次,每次增加5 m/min,直到强度达到30 m/min不再增加。免疫组化检测MH和PAG中5-HT1A受体、5-HT2A受体蛋白表达的变化。结果: 与A组相比,G组MH和PAG中5-HT1A受体蛋白表达均明显降低(P＜0.05),5-HT2A受体蛋白表达在MH和PAG中均明显增加(P＜0.05)。与G组相比,GP组MH中5-HT1A受体蛋白表达明显增加(P＜0.05),PAG中5-HT1A受体蛋白表达差异无显著性(P＞0.05),5-HT2A受体蛋白表达在MH和PAG中均明显降低(P＜0.05)。结论: 跑台运动使攻击行为大鼠MH中5-HT1A受体蛋白表达增高,MH和PAG中5-HT2A受体蛋白表达降低。     

皮质酮对原代培养海马神经元的毒性作用及NMDA受体亚基表达的改变

目的研究皮质酮对大鼠海马神经元的毒性作用及NMDA受体亚基表达的影响.方法以体外原代培养的大鼠海马神经元为研究对象,根据影响因素,即给予的不同浓度皮质酮和其它因素分为8个组:对照组、10-7mol/L皮质酮组(简称10-7组)、10-6mol/L皮质酮组(简称10-6组)、10-5mol/L皮质酮组(简称10-5组)、10-6 高糖组、10-5 高糖组、10-6mol/L MK801组和10-5mol/L MK801组,镜下观察不同浓度皮质酮作用下海马神经元形态学的变化,并采用MTT方法测量各组细胞存活率,利用免疫细胞化学结合图象分析对原代培养海马神经元NMDA受体亚基的表达进行观察.结果 10-6、10-5浓度的皮质酮对海马神经元影响较大,细胞存活率较对照组明显降低,但10-6 高糖组、 10-5mol/L 高糖组、10-6mol/L MK801及10-5mol/L MK801 4个组,分别与相同皮质酮浓度处理组比较,细胞存活率显著提高.10-6和10-5组海马神经元上NMDA受体亚基表达较对照组明显降低.10-7mol/L浓度的皮质酮对上述指标影响不大.结论过量的皮质酮对大鼠海马神经元具有损伤作用,NMDA受体参与了此过程,NMDA受体拮抗剂和高浓度葡萄糖可保护海马神经元.     

Serotonin 5-HT receptor blockade enhances Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II function and membrane expression of AMPA receptor subunits in the rat hippocampus: implications for memory formation

Stimulation of hippocampal 5-HT(1A) receptors impairs memory retention. The highly selective 5-HT(1A) antagonist, WAY-100635, prevents the cognitive deficits induced not only by 5-HT(1A) stimulation but also by cholinergic or NMDA receptor blockade. On this basis, the effects of WAY-100635 on molecular events associated with memory storage were explored. In rat hippocampus, WAY-100635 produced a rapid increase in phosphorylated Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and in Ca(2+)-independent CaMKII and protein kinase A (PKA) enzyme activity. This increase was followed a few hours later by an enhanced membrane expression of AMPA receptor subunits, especially of the GluR1 subunit phosphorylated at the CaMKII site, pGluR1(Ser831). The same qualitative effects were found with the weaker 5-HT(1A) antagonist NAN-190. The effects of both antagonists were no longer apparent in rats with a previous 5-HT depletion induced by the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), suggesting that 5-HT(1A) receptor blockade removes the tonic inhibition of 5-HT through 5-HT(1A) receptor stimulation on excitatory hippocampal neurons, with the consequent increase in PKA activity. In addition, administration of WAY-100635 potentiated the learning-specific increase in the hippocampus of phospho-CaMKII, Ca(2+)-independent CaMKII activity, as well as the phosphorylation of either the CaMKII or the PKA site on the AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit. This study suggests that blockade of hippocampal 5-HT(1A) receptors favours molecular events critically involved in memory formation, and provides an in vivo molecular basis for the proposed utility of 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonists in the treatment of cognitive disorders.     

TRP 对KA 诱导的AD 模型大鼠学习记忆的影响及其作用机制

目的:观察雷公藤甲素(Triptolide,TRP)对海人藻酸(Kainic acid,KA)海马内注射后大鼠学习记忆的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用Morris水迷宫筛选空间学习记忆能力正常的SD雄性大鼠90只(200～220g)。将实验动物分成3组:右侧海马注射生理盐水后生理盐水灌胃对照组(NS+NS)、右侧海马注射海人藻酸后生理盐水灌胃干预组(KA+NS)、右侧海马注射海人藻酸后雷公藤甲素灌胃干预组(KA+TRP)。动物存活1天,3天,5天,7天,14天,每个时间点6只,处死前分别于各相应时间点用Morris水迷宫检测各组动物空间位置记忆能力;免疫组织化学方法结合图像分析技术检测海马CA1区神经元COX-2的表达。结果:与NS组(NS+NS)比较,KA组(KA+NS)大鼠逃避潜伏期延长(P<0.05),跨越原平台次数减少(P<0.05);海马CA1区的神经元COX-2表达升高(P<0.05);TRP组(TRP+KA)与KA组比较,大鼠的平均逃避潜伏期从第5天起缩短(P<0.05),跨越原平台次数增多(P<0.05),海马CA1区神经元COX-2表达在5天,7天时下调(P<0.05)。结论:KA海马内注射,可以导致大鼠学习记忆功能障碍及上调海马CA1区神经元COX-2表达;雷公藤甲素干预治疗,能够改善动物的学习和记忆能力,能抑制KA诱导的海马CAl区神经元COX-2的表达。     

褪黑素对谷氨酸钠致痫大鼠海马5-色胺水平的影响

目的观察褪黑素（Melatonin,MT）对谷氨酸钠（Glutamate,Glu）致痫大鼠海马5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）水平的影响,研究其抑制癫痫的作用机制。方法40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组（每组10只）,分别为生理盐水对照组（NS组）;谷氨酸钠致痫组（Glu组）;褪黑素＋谷氨酸钠组（MT＋Glu组）;Luzidole＋褪黑素＋谷氨酸钠组（Luz＋MT＋Glu组）。观察并记录大鼠行为学及脑电图改变,用免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠海马内5-HT含量变化。结果行为学观察和EEG显示,NS组无痫样发作和痫样放电,Glu组和Luz＋MT＋Glu组痫样发作重（Ⅲ—Ⅴ级）,脑电图显示频发高幅的痫样波,TM＋Glu组无或仅有轻微发作（0-Ⅱ级）,脑电图上无或偶见散在单个微小痫样波;免疫组织化学分析结果显示,Glu组和Luz＋MT＋Glu组大鼠海马内5-HT含量与对照组比较均减少,差异性明显（P〈0．05）,MT＋Glu组较Glu组和Luz＋MT＋Glu组5-HT含量升高,差异性明显（P〈0．05）。结论MT对谷氨酸钠致痫大鼠痫样发作程度、痫样放电有抑制作用,其机制之一是经由其特异性的膜受体,通过某种机制增强5-HT作用,进而发挥抑痫效应。     

Serotonin 5-HT1A receptors regulate AMPA receptor channels through inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II in prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons

We have studied the regulation of AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid) receptor channels by serotonin signaling in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex (PFC). Application of serotonin reduced the amplitude of AMPA-evoked currents, an effect mimicked by 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists and blocked by 5-HT(1A) antagonists, indicating the mediation by 5-HT(1A) receptors. The serotonergic modulation of AMPA receptor currents was blocked by protein kinase A (PKA) activators and occluded by PKA inhibitors. Inhibiting the catalytic activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) also eliminated the effect of serotonin on AMPA currents. Furthermore, the serotonergic modulation of AMPA currents was occluded by application of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitors and blocked by intracellular injection of calmodulin or recombinant CaMKII. Application of serotonin or 5-HT(1A) agonists to PFC slices reduced CaMKII activity and the phosphorylation of AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 at the CaMKII site in a PP1-dependent manner. We concluded that serotonin, by activating 5-HT(1A) receptors, suppress glutamatergic signaling through the inhibition of CaMKII, which is achieved by the inhibition of PKA and ensuing activation of PP1. This modulation demonstrates the critical role of CaMKII in serotonergic regulation of PFC neuronal activity, which may explain the neuropsychiatric behavioral phenotypes seen in CaMKII knockout mice.     

MK-801 or DNQX reduces electroconvulsive shock-induced impairment of learning-memory and hyperphosphorylation of Tau in rats

This study explored the effect of the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists on the impairment of learning-memory and the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein induced by electroconvulsive shock (ECT) in depressed rats, in order to provide experimental evidence for the study on neuropsychological mechanisms improving learning and memory impairment and the clinical intervention treatment. The analysis of variance of factorial design set up two intervention factors which were the electroconvulsive shock (two level: no disposition; a course of ECT) and the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists (three level: iv saline; iv NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801; iv AMPA receptor antagonist DNQX). Forty-eight adult Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (an animal model for depressive behavior) were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n = 8 in each group): saline (iv 2 mL saline through the tail veins of WKY rats ); MK-801 (iv 2 mL 5 mg/kg MK-801 through the tail veins of WKY rats) ; DNQX (iv 2 mL 5 mg/kg DNQX through the tail veins of WKY rats ); saline + ECT (iv 2 mL saline through the tail veins of WKY rats and giving a course of ECT); MK-801 + ECT (iv 2 mL 5 mg/kg MK-801 through the tail veins of WKY rats and giving a course of ECT); DNQX + ECT (iv 2 mL 5 mg/kg DNQX through the tail veins of WKY rats and giving a course of ECT). The Morris water maze test started within 1 day after the finish of the course of ECT to evaluate learning and memory. The hippocampus was removed from rats within 1 day after the finish of Morris water maze test. The content of glutamate in the hippocampus of rats was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The contents of Tau protein which included Tau5 (total Tau protein), p-PHF1(Ser396/404), p-AT8(Ser199/202) and p-12E8(Ser262) in the hippocampus of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry staining (SP) and Western blot. The results showed that ECT and the glutamate ionic receptor blockers (NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and AMPA receptor antagonist DNQX) induced the impairment of learning and memory in depressed rats with extended evasive latency time and shortened space exploration time. And the two factors presented a subtractive effect. ECT significantly up-regulated the content of glutamate in the hippocampus of depressed rats which were not affected by the glutamate ionic receptor blockers. ECT and the glutamate ionic receptor blockers did not affect the total Tau protein in the hippocampus of rats. ECT up-regulated the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in the hippocampus of depressed rats, while the glutamate ionic receptor blockers down-regulated it, and combination of the two factors presented a subtractive effect. Our results indicate that ECT up-regulates the content of glutamate in the hippocampus of depressed rats, which up-regulates the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein resulting in the impairment of learning and memory in depressed rats.     

褪黑素对谷氨酸钠致痫大鼠海马5-羟色胺水平的影响

目的观察褪黑素(Melatonin,MT)对谷氨酸钠(Glutamate,Glu)致痫大鼠海马5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)水平的影响,研究其抑制癫痫的作用机制。方法40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组(每组10只),分别为生理盐水对照组(NS组);谷氨酸钠致痫组(Glu组);褪黑素 谷氨酸钠组(MT Glu组);Luzidole 褪黑素 谷氨酸钠组(Luz MT Glu组)。观察并记录大鼠行为学及脑电图改变,用免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠海马内5-HT含量变化。结果行为学观察和EEG显示,NS组无痫样发作和痫样放电,Glu组和Luz MT Glu组痫样发作重(Ⅲ-Ⅴ级),脑电图显示频发高幅的痫样波,TM Glu组无或仅有轻微发作(0-Ⅱ级),脑电图上无或偶见散在单个微小痫样波;免疫组织化学分析结果显示,Glu组和Luz MT Glu组大鼠海马内5-HT含量与对照组比较均减少,差异性明显(P<0.05),MT Glu组较Glu组和Luz MT Glu组5-HT含量升高,差异性明显(P<0.05)。结论MT对谷氨酸钠致痫大鼠痫样发作程度、痫样放电有抑制作用,其机制之一是经由其特异性的膜受体,通过某种机制增强5-HT作用,进而发挥抑痫效应。     

Age-dependent requirement of AKAP150-anchored PKA and GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors in LTP

Association of PKA with the AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit via the A kinase anchor protein AKAP150 is crucial for GluR1 phosphorylation. Mutating the AKAP150 gene to specifically prevent PKA binding reduced PKA within postsynaptic densities (>70%). It abolished hippocampal LTP in 7-12 but not 4-week-old mice. Inhibitors of PKA and of GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors blocked single tetanus LTP in hippocampal slices of 8 but not 4-week-old WT mice. Inhibitors of GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors also prevented LTP in 2 but not 3-week-old mice. Other studies demonstrate that GluR1 homomeric AMPA receptors are the main GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors in adult hippocampus and require PKA for their functional postsynaptic expression during potentiation. AKAP150-anchored PKA might thus critically contribute to LTP in adult hippocampus in part by phosphorylating GluR1 to foster postsynaptic accumulation of homomeric GluR1 AMPA receptors during initial LTP in 8-week-old mice.     

Serotonin 5-HT1D and 5-HT1A Receptors Respectively Mediate Inhibition of Glutamate Release and Inhibition of Cyclic GMP Production in Rat Cerebellum In Vitro

Abstract: The K⁺-evoked overflow of endogenous glutamate from cerebellar synaptosomes was inhibited by serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT); pD₂ = 8.95], 8-hydroxy-2-(di- n -propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; pD₂ = 7.35), and sumatriptan (pD₂ = 8.43). These inhibitions were prevented by the selective 5-HT_1D receptor antagonist N -[4-methoxy-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)(1,1-biphenyl)-4-carboxamide (GR-127935). The three agonists tested also inhibited the cyclic GMP (cGMP) response provoked in slices by K⁺ depolarization; pD₂ values were 9.37 (5-HT), 9.00 (8-OH-DPAT), and 8.39 (sumatriptan). When cGMP formation was elevated by directly activating glutamate receptors with NMDA or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA), the inhibition of the cGMP responses displayed the following pattern: 5-HT (pD₂ values of 8.68 and 8.72 against NMDA and AMPA, respectively); 8-OH-DPAT (respective pD₂ values of 9.15 and 9.00); sumatriptan (0.1 µ M ) was ineffective. The 5-HT_1A receptor antagonist ( S )-(+) N-tert -butyl-3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-phenylpropionamide dihydrochloride [(+)-WAY 100135] did not prevent the inhibition of glutamate release by 5-HT but blocked the inhibition by 8-OH-DPAT of the NMDA/AMPA-evoked cGMP responses. It is suggested that presynaptic 5-HT_1D receptors mediate inhibition directly of glutamate release and indirectly of the cGMP responses to the released glutamate; on the other hand, activation of (postsynaptic) 5-HT_1A receptors causes inhibition of the cGMP responses linked to stimulation of NMDA/AMPA receptors.