余甘子提取物调控LINC01772/miR-153对肺癌细胞A549生物学行为的影响

摘要 目的：探讨余甘子提取物对肺癌细胞A549增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及机制。方法：体外培养A549细胞,分为对照组、不同剂量（低、中、高剂量）余甘子提取物组、si-NC组、si-LINC01772组、高剂量余甘子提取物+pcDNA组和高剂量余甘子提取物+pcDNA-LINC01772组,细胞计数试剂盒（CCK-8）法和克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖,划痕实验检测细胞迁移,嵌入式细胞共培养法（Transwell）检测细胞侵袭,免疫印迹法（Western Blot）检测细胞中上皮型钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）和神经型钙黏蛋白（N-cadherin）蛋白表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）检测LINC01772和miR-153表达水平。双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证LINC01772和miR-153调控关系。结果：与对照组相比,不同剂量余甘子提取物组A549细胞中LINC01772表达降低,且光密度值（OD值）、克隆形成数、迁移以及侵袭细胞数减少（P<0.05）,而miR-153含量与E-cadherin蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）,且呈剂量依赖性（P<0.05）。LINC01772在A549细胞中负调控miR-153表达。与si-NC组相比,si-LINC01772组A549细胞增殖,侵袭及迁移能力受到抑制（P<0.05）。与高剂量余甘子提取物+pcDNA组相比,高剂量余甘子提取物+pcDNA-LINC01772组A549细胞增殖,侵袭及迁移能力增强（P<0.05）。结论：余甘子提取物可能通过调控LINC01772/miR-153轴抑制肺癌细胞A549增殖、迁移和侵袭,其可能通过下调LINC01772进而上调miR-153表达发挥作用,具有开发为治疗肺癌药物的潜在价值。     

LINC00472参与TGF-β1诱导的HK-2细胞系纤维化和上皮间充质转化

摘要 目的：探讨长链非编码RNA LINC00472在肾纤维化细胞模型中的表达及其在TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞纤维化和上皮间充质转化（EMT）中的功能作用。方法：使用重组人TGF-β1诱导人肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2）纤维化和EMT,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测细胞中纤维化相关基因和LINC00472的mRNA表达水平,通过Western blot免疫印迹法检测细胞中纤维化相关基因的蛋白表达水平,通过划痕实验评估LINC00472表达对HK-2细胞迁移能力的影响。结果：TGF-β1能成功诱导HK-2细胞发生纤维化和EMT,并剂量和时间依赖性地抑制LINC00472的表达（P<0.05）。抑制LINC00472进一步促进TGF-β1诱导的Fibronectin和Vimentin上调,以及E-cadherin下调（P<0.05）;而过表达LINC00472则能逆转TGF-β1对纤维化相关基因的诱导作用（P<0.05）。此外,抑制LINC00472能进一步增强TGF-β1诱导的HK-2细胞迁移（P<0.05）,而上调LINC00472则使细胞迁移受到抑制（P<0.05）。结论：LINC00472在TGF-β1诱导的肾纤维化细胞模型中呈低表达,其表达水平的降低能促进细胞纤维化和EMT过程。     

N-豆蔻酰化转移酶在乳腺癌组织中的表达及作用研究

摘要 目的：研究N-豆蔻酰化转移酶1（NMT1）和2（NMT2）在乳腺癌组织中的表达及对乳腺癌细胞生物学作用。方法：ELISA检测NMT1和NMT2在40例乳腺癌组织中含量,免疫组化证实其表达。小RNA干扰技术敲减乳腺癌细胞MCF-7及BT-474中NMT1和NMT2表达水平。CCK-8及Transwell小室穿膜试验检测NMT1和NMT2敲减前后细胞增殖及转移能力变化。结果：NMT1及NMT2在发生淋巴结转移、III/IV期患者的乳腺癌组织中表达显著升高（P<0.01）。利用CCK-8检测发现NMT1或NMT2敲减48h后乳腺癌细胞BT-474、MCF-7增殖活性较对照组细胞显著减弱（P<0.0001）。Transwell小室穿膜试验检测发现,NMT1或NMT2敲减组细胞较对照组细胞,穿膜细胞数显著减低（P<0.01）。结论：NMT1及NMT2在乳腺癌的发生、发展过程中起到关键作用,敲减NMT1及NMT2可削弱乳腺癌细胞增殖和转移能力。靶向抑制NMT1及NMT2有望成为干预乳腺癌的重要分子靶点。     

m6A RNA甲基转移酶METTL3对肠癌细胞上皮间质转化及侵袭能力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨METTL3对肠癌细胞上皮间质转化及侵袭能力的影响。方法：TGFβ诱导肠癌细胞HCT116和SW480发生上皮间质转化;细胞划痕实验和Transwell-Matrigeal穿膜试验分别检测细胞转移侵袭能力;实时荧光定量PCR检测靶基因转录水平;siRNA干扰技术敲减肠癌细胞METTL3水平。结果：细胞划痕修复实验表明：TGFβ诱导组相对愈合面积与对照组相比显著增大（P<0.0001）,而TGFβ+敲减METTL3联合组处理组相对愈合面积与TGFβ诱导组相比显著减少（P<0.0001）。Transwell-Matrigeal细胞穿膜试验表明：TGFβ诱导组穿膜细胞数较对照组细胞显著增多（P<0.0001）,而TGFβ+敲减METTL3联合组处理组与TGFβ诱导组相比显著减少。TGFβ诱导组可显著诱导肠癌细胞发生上皮间充质转化,即增加核心转录因子Snail1和ZEB1水平,减低CDH1及上调Vimentin（VIM）水平,METTL3表达随TGFβ处理时间逐步上调。TGFβ+敲减METTL3联合组较TGFβ诱导组ZEB1和Snail1转录水平显著减低。结论：METTL3在TGFβ介导肠癌细胞EMT中起到关键作用,敲减METTL3可削弱肠癌细胞转移和侵袭能力,靶向抑制METTL3可能成为干预结直肠转移的重要分子靶点。     

miR-142通过靶向HMGB1对宫颈癌细胞生物学行为影响的实验研究

摘要 目的：通过实验探究miR-142靶向高迁移率族蛋白1（high-mobility group box 1 protein,HMGB1）对宫颈癌（cervical cancer,CC）细胞生物学行为的影响及其潜在的作用机制。方法：采用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）和蛋白质免疫印迹法（Western Blot）检测CC组织和正常组织中miR-142和HMGB1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平,采用荧光素酶报告实验分析miR-142与HMGB1的靶向关系,CCK-8法检测CC细胞生存能力,克隆形成实验检测CC细胞增殖能力,划痕修复实验检测CC细胞迁移能力,基质胶侵袭实验检测CC细胞侵袭能力。结果：CC组miR-142 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著低于正常组（P<0.05）,HMGB1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著高于正常组（P<0.05）,且CC癌组织中miR-142和HMGB1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均呈显著负相关（r=-0.399,P=0.002;r=-0.429,P=0.001）;miR-142与HMGB1存在靶向关系;CCK-8法实验、克隆形成实验、划痕修复实验和基质胶侵袭实验结果显示,miR-142 mimic组细胞生存、增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著低于miR-NC组（P<0.05）,miR-142 inhibitor组细胞生存、增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著高于miR-NC组;Western Blot实验结果显示,HMGB1过表达时miR-142 mimic+plasmid组HMGB1蛋白表达水平显著高于miR-142 mimic+control plasmid组（P<0.05）,显著低于miR-NC+plasmid组（P<0.05）;CCK-8法实验、克隆形成实验、划痕修复实验和基质胶侵袭实验结果显示,HMGB1过表达时miR-142 mimic+plasmid组细胞生存、增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著高于miR-142 mimic+control plasmid组（P<0.05）,显著低于miR-NC+plasmid组（P<0.05）。结论：miR-142可通过靶向负调控HMGB1表达,进而抑制CC细胞生存、增殖、迁移和侵袭。     

miR-613通过靶向VEGFA抑制神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和血管生成

摘要 目的：旨在探究miR-613在胶质瘤中的表达及对细胞增殖、侵袭和血管生成的影响。方法：根据细胞转染将实验分组为对照miRNA组（Control组）、miR-613模拟物组（mimics组）和miR-613 mimics+VEGFA组（VEGFA组）。采用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）检测胶质瘤细胞和组织中miR-613和VEGFA mRNA的表达水平;采用荧光素酶报告基因分析miR-613与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的关系;采用Western blotting检测VEGFA蛋白的表达水平;通过体外实验检测转染细胞的增殖能力、侵袭能力和管状形成能力。结果：与正常组织样本相比,胶质瘤I-II期组样本的肿瘤细胞呈现异形,具有深核染色,并且肿瘤细胞密度适度较低,而胶质瘤III-IV期组样本的肿瘤细胞的核分裂活跃,具有明显的微血管增殖和明显的细胞异型性;miR-613在胶质瘤I-IV期组织样本中显著降低（P<0.05）。在U87和U251细胞系的VEGFA-WT组中,与Control组相比,mimics组的荧光素酶活性显著降低（P<0.05）。与Control组相比,U87和U251细胞系中mimics组VEGFA的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著降低（P<0.05）。克隆形成实验、血管生成实验和细胞侵袭实验结果表明,与Control组相比,mimics组的克隆形成数量、细胞侵袭数、内皮细胞HUVEC的管状形成数和Ang-2蛋白表达水平均显著降低（P<0.05）;与mimics组相比,VEGFA组克隆形成数量、细胞侵袭数、内皮细胞HUVEC的管状形成数和Ang-2蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P<0.05）。结论：miR-613通过靶向VEGFA抑制了神经胶质瘤细胞的侵袭、增殖和血管生成,提示miR-613可能成为未来治疗胶质瘤的潜在靶点。     

长链非编码RNA LINC00885在人食管癌细胞中的作用研究

探讨长链非编码RNA LINC00885对人食管癌细胞EC109增殖、迁移与侵袭的影响。构建LINC00885基因过表达质粒（pcDNA3.1-LINC00885）和shRNA敲低质粒（pLKO.1-LINC00885）。分别采用集落形成实验检测EC109细胞增殖能力;划痕实验检测EC109细胞横向迁移能力;Transwell实验检测EC109细胞纵向迁移能力及侵袭能力;流式实验检测LINC00885对于细胞周期的调控;实时定量PCR方法检测LINC00885 mRNA转录水平;Western blot检测BMP7及上皮间充质转化（epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,EMT）通路相关蛋白（VIMENTIN、β-catenim和ZO-1）表达水平。在过表达LINC00885的EC109细胞中,细胞的增殖能力、迁移能力及侵袭能力均显著增强,BMP7蛋白表达升高;而在敲低表达LINC00885的EC109细胞中,细胞的增殖能力、迁移能力与侵袭能力均显著降低,BMP7蛋白表达也随之降低。另外,在过表达LINC00885的EC109细胞中,EMT通路蛋白VIMENTIN、β-catenim表达水平显著升高,而ZO-1表达水平显著降低。通过探究LINC00885对食管癌细胞增殖、迁移能力的影响,旨在验证LINC00885在食管癌中的功能,以期为临床治疗食管癌奠定理论基础。     

脂联素抑制子宫内膜癌HEC-1B细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的作用及机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨脂联素（APN）对子宫内膜癌HEC-1B细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的抑制作用及分子机制。方法：分别采用磺酰罗丹明 B(SRB)实验、细胞迁移(Transwell)实验和划痕实验检测子宫内膜癌细胞HEC-1B的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。采用蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）法检测腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路相关蛋白、AdipoR1、AdipoR2、cyclinD1和cyclinE2蛋白表达水平。结果：与对照组相比,APN组HEC-1B细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭功能明显下降（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,APN组p-AMPK/AMPK比值明显提高,而p-mTOR/mTOR和p-4EBP1/4EBP1比值明显下降（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,APN组cyclinD1和cyclinE2蛋白表达水平明显下降（P<0.05）。APN组和对照组的AdipoR1、AdipoR2蛋白表达水平比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：APN能够激活AMPK信号通路并下调cyclinD1和cyclinE2蛋白表达,进而抑制子宫内膜癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭功能。     

受体酪氨酸激酶Axl对胶质母细胞瘤细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响

摘要 目的：研究受体酪氨酸激酶Axl在胶质母细胞瘤组织和细胞系U-118MG细胞中的表达情况及其对U-118MG细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭的影响。方法：收集2015年3月至2018年5月在本院进行手术切除并经病理分型证实的胶质母细胞瘤组织标本（n=30）,另取脑外伤手术中因作内减压而切除的正常脑组织作为对照（n=28）。采用荧光实时定量 (qRT-PCR)检测正常脑组织和胶质母细胞瘤肿瘤组织中Axl mRNA表达水平;采用Western blot检测人小神经胶质HM细胞、U-118MG细胞以及Axl-shRNA转染后U-118MG细胞中Axl蛋白表达水平;采用CCK-8检测Axl-shRNA转染后U-118MG细胞增殖能力;采用流式细胞术检测Axl-shRNA转染后U-118MG细胞凋亡水平;采用Transwell小室实验检测Axl-shRNA转染后U-118MG细胞的侵袭能力。结果：在胶质母细胞瘤组织中Axl mRNA表达水平显著高于正常脑组织（P<0.05）;U-118MG细胞Axl蛋白表达水平显著高于人小神经胶质细胞系HM细胞,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;转染Axl-shRNA后,U-118MG细胞中Axl蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）。与U-118MG细胞和转染control-shRNA细胞相比, 转染Axl-shRNA的U-118MG细胞增殖能力降低（P<0.05）,凋亡水平升高（P<0.05）,侵袭能力降低（P<0.05）。结论：在胶质母细胞瘤组织和U-118MG细胞中,Axl表达水平显著增高,并且Axl表达水平与U-118MG细胞增殖、凋亡及侵袭密切关联。     

微小RNA-451a对胰腺癌BxPc3细胞增殖、侵袭及迁移的影响

摘要 目的：研究微小RNA（miR）-451a对胰腺癌BxPc3细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响。方法：体外培养BxPc3细胞,将不同浓度（50、100 和 200 μmol/L）miR-451a模拟物（mimic）转染至胰腺癌细胞株BxPc3中,利用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（ PCR）法检测miR-451a的表达,MTT增殖实验检测不同浓度miR-451a对细胞增殖的影响,细胞划痕实验检测不同浓度miR-451a对细胞迁移能力的影响,Transwell实验检测不同浓度miR-451a对细胞侵袭能力的影响。Western blot法检测不同浓度 miR-451a转染后BxPc3细胞p-PI3K、p-AKT、TGF-β和p-smad2/3 蛋白的表达情况。结果：转染不同浓度miR-451a mimic后,胰腺癌BxPc3细胞内miR-451a的相对表达量明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。过表达miR-451a后,BxPc3细胞的增殖能力明显减弱,细胞迁移能力明显减弱,细胞侵袭能力明显减弱,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。相比于0 μmol/L 组,转染50、200 μmol/L miR-451a后BxPc3 细胞p-PI3K、p-AKT、TGF-β和p-smad2/3蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.05）,并且p-PI3K、p-AKT、TGF-β和p-smad2/3蛋白表达水平变化具有浓度依耐性。结论：miR-451a能抑制胰腺癌BxPc3细胞株的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力。     

miR-182在前列腺癌组织中的表达及其对前列腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:观察前列腺癌组织及不同前列腺癌细胞系中miR-182的表达,并探讨下调其表达对前列腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及机制。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)检测30例前列腺癌组织和30例相应的癌旁组织以及前列腺正常上皮RWPE-1细胞、前列腺癌PC-3、LNCa P和DU145细胞中miR-182的表达,进一步采用Lipfectamine 2000脂质体转染miRNA-182 inhibitor和阴性对照miRNA于PC-3细胞后,通过噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测转录因子FOXO1、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和抑癌基因p53蛋白的表达。结果:miR-182在前列腺癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织(P0.05);miR-182在前列腺癌细胞系PC-3、LNCa P和DU145中的表达均高于前列腺正常上皮细胞RWPE-1(P0.05),其中PC-3细胞中miR-182表达水平最高。转染miRNA-182 inhibitor至PC-3细胞成功下调miR-182表达后,细胞的增殖能力明显受到抑制,细胞凋亡能力明显增强,FOXO1表达水平显著升高,VEGF和p53的表达明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:miR-182在前列腺癌组织及细胞中呈高表达,下调miR-182的表达可能通过增加FOXO1的表达并减少VEGF和p53的表达,抑制前列腺癌细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡。     

CXCL13 mediates prostate cancer cell proliferation through JNK signalling and invasion through ERK activation

Objectives: The focus of this study was to determine the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK) and Akt signals involved in CXCL13-mediated prostate cancer (PCa) cell invasion and proliferation. Materials and methods: Androgen-sensitive (LNCaP), hormone-refractory (PC3) cells and normal cells (RWPE-1) were used to determine CXCL13-mediated PCa cell invasion and proliferation. Immuno-blotting, fast activated cell-based (FACE) ELISA, caspase activity, cell invasion and proliferation assays were performed to ascertain some of the signalling events involved in PCa cell proliferation and invasion. Results: Unlike androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, we report for the first time that the hormone-refractory cell line, PC3, expresses DOCK2. CXCL13-mediated LNCaP and PC3 cell invasion was regulated by Akt and ERK1/2 activation in a DOCK2-independent fashion. CXCL13 also promoted LNCaP cell proliferation in a JNK-dependent fashion even in the absence of DOCK2. In contrast, CXCL13 induced PC3 cell proliferation through JNK activation, which required DOCK2. Conclusions: Our results show CXCL13-mediated PCa cell invasion requires Akt and ERK1/2 activation and suggests a new role for DOCK2 in proliferation of hormone-refractory CXCR5-positive PCa cells.     

KLF9 suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis via the AR pathway in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells

Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) play an important role in many biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and development. Our study showed that the level of KLF9 is lower in PCa cell lines compared to a benign prostate cell line; the androgen-independent cell line PC3 expresses significantly lower KLF9 than the androgen-dependent cell line, LNCaP. Forced overexpression of KLF9 suppressed cell growth, colony formation, and induced cell apoptosis in LNCaP cells. We also found that KLF9 expression was induced in response to apoptosis caused by flutamide, and further addition of dihydrotestosterone antagonized the action of flutamide and significantly decreased KLF9 expression. Furthermore, activation of the androgen receptor (AR) was inhibited by the overexpression of KLF9. Our research shows that KLF9 is lower in androgen-independent cell lines than in androgen-dependent cell lines; Overexpression of KLF9 dramatically suppresses the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and induces apoptosis in androgen-dependent cells; KLF9 inhibition on prostate cancer cell growth may be acting through the AR pathway. Our results therefore suggest that KLF9 may play a significant role in the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent prostate cancer and is a potential target of prevention and therapy.     

Finasteride Inhibits Human Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion through MMP2 and MMP9 Downregulation

Introduction

The use of the 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) finasteride and dutasteride for prostate cancer prevention is still under debate. The FDA recently concluded that the increased prevalence of high-grade tumors among 5-ARI-treated patients must not be neglected, and they decided to disallow the use of 5-ARIs for prostate cancer prevention. This study was conducted to verify the effects of finasteride on prostate cell migration and invasion and the related enzymes/proteins in normal human and tumoral prostatic cell lines.

Materials and Methods

RWPE-1, LNCaP, PC3 and DU145 cells were cultivated to 60% confluence and exposed for different periods to either 10 µM or 50 µM finasteride that was diluted in culture medium. The conditioned media were collected and concentrated, and MMP2 and MMP9 activities and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein expression were determined. Cell viability, migration and invasion were analyzed, and the remaining cell extracts were submitted to androgen receptor (AR) detection by western blotting techniques. Experiments were carried out in triplicate.

Results

Cell viability was not significantly affected by finasteride exposure. Finasteride significantly downregulated MMP2 and MMP9 activities in RWPE-1 and PC3 cells and MMP2 in DU145 cells. TIMP-2 expression in RWPE-1 cells was upregulated after exposure. The cell invasion of all four tested cell lines was inhibited by exposure to 50 µM of finasteride, and migration inhibition only occurred for RWPE-1 and LNCaP cells. AR was expressed by LNCaP, RWPE-1 and PC3 cells.

Conclusions

Although the debate on the higher incidence of high-grade prostate cancer among 5-ARI-treated patients remains, our findings indicate that finasteride may attenuate tumor aggressiveness and invasion, which could vary depending on the androgen responsiveness of a patient’s prostate cells.     

AZGP1 is androgen responsive and involved in AR-induced prostate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis

Alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding (AZGP1), known as zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG), is a multifunctional secretory glycoprotein and relevant to cancer metastasis. Little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms of AZGP1 in prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, we report that AZGP1 is an androgen-responsive gene, which is involved in AR-induced PCa cell proliferation and metastasis. In clinical specimens, the expression of AZGP1 in PCa tissues is markedly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. In cultures, expression of AZGP1 is upregulated by the androgen-AR axis at both messenger RNA and protein levels. Furthermore, Chip-Seq assay identifies canonical androgen-responsive elements (AREs) at AZGP1 enhancer; and dual-luciferase reporter assays reveal that the AREs is highly responsive to androgen whereas mutations of the AREs abolish the reporter activity. In addition, AZGP1 promotes G1/S phase transition and cell cycle progress by increasing cyclin D1 levels in PCa cells. Functional studies demonstrate that knocking down endogenous AZGP1 expression in LNCaP and CWR22Rv1 cells largely weaken androgen/AR axis-induced cell migration and invasion. In vivo xenotransplantation tumor experiments also show that AZGP1 involves in androgen/AR axis-mediated PCa cell proliferation. Taken together, our study implicates for the first time that AZGP1 is an AR target gene and is involved in androgen/AR axis-mediated cell proliferation and metastasis in primary PCa.