一种利用STO饲养层细胞制备拟胚体的新方法

建立了一种利用STO饲养层细胞制备拟胚体的新方法。该方法选用生长至80%饱和密度的STO细胞,经丝裂霉素C(10 mg/ml)处理4 h后以8×104 cm-2的密度接种培养12 h,制备饲养层,再将ES-D3细胞以1×104 cm-2的密度接种其上,首先用含mLIF的DMEM培养液培养24 h,再更换拟胚体诱导培养液,5～9天后获得了各成熟阶段的拟胚体。形态结构和分化潜能等研究表明,该方法制备的拟胚体结构典型,具有产生3个胚层谱系来源的功能细胞的潜能。与传统拟胚体制作方法如悬滴培养法相比,具有操作简便,拟胚体形成率高,重复性好等优点,是开展哺乳动物早期胚胎发育和干细胞分化研究的理想工具。     

人NK细胞克隆化培养条件的初步探讨

为探讨NK细胞克隆化培养的条件,我们首先将人外周血单个核细胞经rhIL-2诱导,使NK细胞得以扩增后,去除T细胞,得到相对纯化的NK细胞.经有限稀释,在饲养细胞及rhIL-2、PHA及LCM等培养条件下,获得NK细胞的单个克隆并进行鉴定.结果表明,每96孔板可获4-16个CD3-CD56+NK克隆,每个克隆的细胞数最多可达2.35×104,存活约3-5周.以丝裂霉素C(25μg/m1)作为饲养细胞抑制剂,以rhIL-2 200u/ml、PHA 10μg/ml及10%LCM培养,可获得较多的克隆和细胞数.     

昆明小鼠胚胎干细胞滋养层制备条件的实验研究

目的:建立小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEFS)滋养层,用于昆明小鼠胚胎干细胞的培养。方法:取妊娠13.5的胎鼠,采用组织消化法分离培养出原代成纤维细胞,对MEFs的生长形态、生长曲线及分裂指数进行观察;MTT法筛选丝裂霉素C(MMC)作用的最佳浓度和时间;取妊娠3.5d的囊胚在经MMC处理的饲养层上培养,观察胚胎干细胞集落生成情况。结果:MEFS为一种贴壁生长且增殖速度较快的细胞,第三代细胞增殖旺盛,第5代以后细胞开始变形并趋于衰老;MMC能抑制胚胎成纤维细胞的增殖,最佳的作用浓度和时间是10ug/ml作用2.5～4h,20ug/ml作用1-2.5h。妊娠3.5d小鼠囊胚在饲养层上培养能形成典型的"鸟巢"状干细胞集落,并可维持胚胎干细胞的正常形态且不发生分化。结论:这种方法制备的滋养细胞层适用于胚胎干细胞的培养。     

饲养层细胞对绵羊胚胎干细胞体外培养的影响

家畜胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ES细胞)的研究进展缓慢,绵羊ES细胞的研究虽早有报道,但仍未建立可稳定传代的细胞系。在已建立的绵羊体外受精发育体系的基础上,摸索了饲养层(Feeder)细胞对绵羊ES细胞生长的影响,包括在一定的丝裂霉素浓度下处理Feeder的时间、细胞种类、代数、接种密度及新鲜制备和冷冻复苏后的Feeder细胞,通过试验比较研究,目的在于筛选合适的饲养层细胞,为建立绵羊ES细胞体外培养体系奠定基础。结果表明,10μg/ml丝裂霉素C处理2~2.5h获得的1~5代的SEF和1~3代的MEF及两者的1∶1混合细胞都能较好地支持绵羊ES细胞的生长。     

胡萝卜苷抑制HepG-2细胞增殖和迁移及拓扑异构酶表达

目的探讨胡萝卜苷对HepG2细胞增殖、迁移及DNA拓扑异构酶(topoisomerase,TOPO)Ⅰ和Ⅱ表达的影响。方法体外培养人肝癌HepG2细胞。CCK-8实验观察不同浓度(200μg/ml、150μg/ml、100μg/ml和50μg/ml)胡萝卜苷对HepG2细胞增殖的影响。qRT-PCR实验观察200μg/ml胡萝卜苷对HepG2细胞TOPOⅠ和TOPOⅡmRNA表达的影响。Transwell小室模型检测200μg/ml胡萝卜苷对HepG2细胞迁移的影响。结果胡萝卜苷对HepG2细胞增殖有明显抑制作用,并在一定范围内(0μg/ml~200μg/ml)呈现浓度依赖性。与未用胡萝卜苷处理的HepG2比较,经200μg/ml胡萝卜苷作用的HepG2细胞穿越基膜的数量显著减少,TOPOⅠ和TOPOⅡmRNA相对表达量显著降低。结论胡萝卜苷可能通过下调TOPOⅠ、TOPOⅡ基因表达而抑制HepG2细胞增殖,并具有抑制HepG2细胞迁移的能力。     

创伤后巨噬细胞对T细胞白介素2及白介素2受体α基因表达的直接接触抑制作用

以25μg/ml的丝裂霉素C处理巨噬细胞30min,可阻断巨噬细胞白介素1(IL-1)、白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)及前列腺素E_2(PGE_2)的合成与分泌。创伤小鼠巨噬细胞经丝裂霉素C处理后,可明显抑制正常T细胞白介素2(IL-2)mRNA及IL-2受体(IL-2R)αmRNA水平,并增强Ts细胞的抑制活性。去除T细胞中Ts细胞可使巨噬细胞的抑制作用消失。表明创伤后巨噬细胞可通过直接的细胞接触方式抑制T细胞IL-2及IL-2 Rα的基因表达,且这一作用是通过增加Ts细胞活性而实现的。     

孟鲁斯特钠咀嚼片在健康人体内药动学和生物等效性

目的:研究两种(仿制新药与市售)孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片在人体内生物等效性。方法:采用单中心、随机、开放、双周期自身交叉试验设计,20名健康男性志愿者分2周期分别口服受试制剂和参比制剂各10 mg,HPLC法测定血浆中孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片的浓度,用DAS2.1.1软件计算人体药动学参数并进行生物等效性评价。结果:受试制剂和参比制剂两药的主要药代动力学参数AUC0-t分别为(17.94±6.19)μg h/ml和(17.37±4.73)μg h/ml,AUC0-∞分别为(18.26±6.16)μg h/ml和(17.64±4.66)μg h/ml,Cmax分别为(5.58±1.95)μg/ml和(5.54±1.65)μg/ml,Tmax分别为(2.03±0.97)h和(1.93±0.69)h,t1/2分别为(1.20±0.17)h和(1.19±0.13)h。受试制剂的平均相对生物利用度为(101.5±6.56)%。结论:受试制剂和参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

改良内皮抑素对人脐静脉内皮细胞抑制作用的实验研究

目的:探讨改良内皮抑素(RGDRGD-ES)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的抑制作用,摸索RGDRGD-ES对HUVEC细胞抑制作用的相对最佳作用浓度和时间。方法:通过快速定点诱变PCR方法获得含有RGDRGD膜序的改良人内皮抑素基因,并构建其原核表达载体。表达、纯化改良内皮抑素(RGDRGD-ES),运用MTT法和流式细胞仪检测RGDRGD-ES对人脐静脉内皮细胞的抑制作用。结果:1.诱变了ES基因,获得了改良的RGDRGD-ES基因,并成功构建其原核表达载体。2.获得了RGDRGD-ES蛋白。3.改良的RGDRGD-ES能够有效抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长(P<0.01);抑制率随着药物浓度(10μg/ml、20μg/ml、30μg/ml)的增加和作用时间(24 h、48 h、72 h)的延长而逐渐增加,具有浓度和时间依赖性(P<0.01);而30μg/ml与40μg/ml、50μg/ml组间、72 h与96 h组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。4.细胞凋亡率(作用24 h)具有药物浓度(10μg/ml、20μg/ml、30μg/ml)依赖性(P<0.01),30μg/ml与40μg/ml、50μg/ml组间凋亡率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:成功构建了改良RGDRGD-ES基因的原核表达载体,RGDRGD-ES蛋白在30μg/ml浓度作用72小时条件下能够有效抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,改良内皮抑素(RGDRGD-ES)对HUVEC的抑制作用较ES明显提高。     

MRI体外示踪SPIO标记人脐带间充质干细胞的实验研究

目的:研究超顺磁性纳米铁颗粒(superparamagnetic ironoxide particles,SPIO)体外标记人脐带间充质干细胞(HuCMScs)及MRI成像示踪的可行性.方法:从人胎儿脐带中分离培养、扩增脐带间充质干细胞(HUCMSCs),分别采用0 μg/ml,25μg/ml,50μg/ml浓度的SPIO标记0.5×106,1×106,2×106和10×106 HUCMSCs.普鲁士蓝染色和透射电镜鉴定细胞内铁颗粒情况,并用3.0T MR/离体扫描T1WI,T2WI,GRE/300序列成像,测定细胞群信号.结果:不同数量的HUCMSCs与0 μg/ml,25 μg/ml,50 μg/ml浓度的SP10共同培养18小时,普鲁士蓝染色发现标记的细胞随标记浓度的升高染色程度逐渐加深.透射电镜检查显示细胞内含致密铁颗粒.离体MRI不同序列测定不同浓度SPIO标记相同数量的细胞群,GRE/30°和T2WI测定的各组之间均有统计学差别,501μg/ml与25μg/ml组分别与0μg/ml组之间有显著统计学差别(P<0.05);同一浓度SPIO标记人脐带间充质干细胞,信号强度与细胞数量有关(P<0.05).结论:SPIO可以标记人脐带间充质干细胞,应用MRI可以对其进行体外示踪和监测.     

红酵母产类胡萝卜素固态发酵工艺条件的研究

该文研究了红酵母菌株D固态发酵产类胡萝卜素的培养基配方和发酵条件,得到初步优化的培养基为:啤酒糟∶豆粕∶麸皮=1∶3∶2.通过正交试验优化的培养条件是培养基含水量为60%,装量为6/150(即6g干基按设计的初始含水量用盐溶液配好后装于150ml三角瓶中),接种龄为24h,无机盐为0.5g/L MgSO4,其色素产量为14.2μg/g干基。色素产量随接种量增大而增大,细胞生物量、类胡萝卜素产量和含量均随发酵时间的增加逐渐增加,在96h分别达到最大值67.75mg dry-cell/g干基、9.88μg/g干基、145.80μg/g dry-cell,确定其最佳发酵周期为96h。     

不同饲养层对鸡胚胎干细胞培养效果的影响

目的:为探索鸡胚胎干细胞培养的优化条件,比较不同饲养层对鸡胚胎干细胞离体培养的效果。方法:用传至第2代的鸡胚成纤维细胞与鸭胚成纤维细胞,经丝裂霉素处理后制作饲养层,比较这2种饲养层以及不用饲养层对鸡胚胎干细胞离体培养效果的影响。结果:在以鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸭胚成纤维细胞作为饲养层的培养体系中,鸡胚胎干细胞均可保持良好的生长状态,而且2种饲养层对鸡胚胎干细胞克隆形成的影响差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸭胚成纤维细胞均可作为较好的饲养层细胞用于鸡胚胎干细胞的离体培养。     

A reliable and economical method for gaining mouse embryonic fibroblasts capable of preparing feeder layers

Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are widely used to prepare feeder layers for culturing embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. Transportation lesions and exorbitant prices make the commercially obtained MEFs unsuitable for long term research. The aim of present study is to establish a method, which enables researchers to gain MEFs from mice and establish feeder layers by themselves in ordinary laboratories. MEFs were isolated from ICR mouse embryos at 12.5–17.5 day post-coitum (DPC) and cultured in vitro. At P2–P7, the cells were inactivated with mitomycin C or by X-ray irradiation. Then they were used to prepare feeder layers. The key factors of the whole protocol were analyzed to determine the optimal conditions for the method. The results revealed MEFs isolated at 12.5–13.5 DPC, and cultured to P3 were the best choice for feeder preparation, those P2 and P4–P5 MEFs were also suitable for the purpose. The P3–P5 MEFs treated with 10 μg/ml of mitomycin C for 3 h, or irradiated with X-ray at 1.5 Gy/min for 25 Gy were the most suitable feeder cells. Treating MEFs with 10 μg/ml of mitomycin C for 2.5 h, 15 μg/ml for 2.0 h, or irradiating the cells with 20 Gy of X-ray at 2.0 Gy/min could all serve as alternative methods for P3–P4 cells. Our study provides a reliable and economical way to obtain large amount of qualified MEFs for long term research of ESCs or iPSCs.     

Effect of tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate on induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster V79 cells treated with mutagens

The effect of a tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) alone and in combination with mitomycin C (MMC) or cyclophosphamide (CPP) on the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster V79 cells was investigated. TPA alone at various doses and durations caused no increase of SCE frequency. MMC either at the dose of 0.03 or 0.003 μg/ml alone or in combination with TPA (2 μg/ml) all caused a significant increase of SCE frequencies. There was no difference in SCE frequencies between the cultures treated with MMC alone at 0.03 μg/ml and those treated with MMC plus TPA. However, cultures treated with MMC at 0.003 μg/ml plus TPA had significantly and consistently higher SCE frequencies than those treated with MMC alone at all durations. Treatment of CPP at 1 μg/ml activated by S9 mix caused significant increase of SCE frequencies. Surprisingly, the cultures treated with CPP, S9 mix plus TPA (2 μg/ml) caused a drastic reduction of SCE frequencies as compared to those treated with CPP and S9 mix only at all durations. These results indicate that TPA alone had no effect on SCE in V79 cells. TPA enhanced the SCE induction in V79 cells treated with MMC at a low dose, i.e. 0.003 μg/ml, but it inhibited SCE induction in cultures treated with the indirect mutagen CPP. Thus, TPA has no direct effect on genetic materials but it may indirectly alter the effects of a mutagen.     

Cytogenetic effects induced by cytochalasin B in Chinese hamster ovary cells

We determined the kinetics of the induction of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MN) by mitomycin C (MMC, 0.1 µg/ml) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells treated with cytochalasin B (Cyt-B, 3 µg/ml). In cells treated with Cyt-B as well as with Cyt-B plus MMC the highest yield of binucleated cells was obtained 24 h after treatment. After 40 h of treatment with Cyt-B the frequency of MN in binucleated cells was significantly higher than that observed at previous times in the same cultures as well as in controls. In cultures treated with MMC the frequency of MN increased with time, reaching the highest value at 24 h. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was also significantly higher in cells treated both with Cyt-B and Cyt-B plus MMC than in controls and exceeded that of MN in parallel cultures. These data confirm the capacity of MMC to induce chromosomal alterations in mammalian cells; in particular they indicate that Cyt-B is able to induce cytogenetic effects in CHO cells. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, after reaction with CREST antikinetochore antibodies, we found that in cells treated with Cyt-B or Cyt-B plus MMC the frequency of MN without kinetochore was, respectively, about 70 and 85%, indicating that under our experimental conditions MN originate mainly from acentric chromatid fragments. Present data suggest that the method based on the blockage of cytokinesis by Cyt-B normally used in the MN assay should be reconsidered.     

Occurrence and Control of Sporadic Proliferation in Growth Arrested Swiss 3T3 Feeder Cells

Growth arrested Swiss mouse embryonic 3T3 cells are used as feeders to support the growth of epidermal keratinocytes and several other target cells. The 3T3 cells have been extensively subcultured owing to their popularity and wide distribution in the world and, as a consequence selective inclusion of variants is a strong possibility in them. Inadvertently selected variants expressing innate resistance to mitomycin C may continue to proliferate even after treatment with such growth arresting agents. The failure of growth arrest can lead to a serious risk of proliferative feeder contamination in target cell cultures. In this study, we passaged Swiss 3T3 cells (CCL-92, ATCC) by different seeding densities and incubation periods. We tested the resultant cultures for differences in anchorage-independent growth, resumption of proliferation after mitomycin C treatment and occurrence of proliferative feeder contaminants in an epidermal keratinocyte co-culture system. The study revealed subculture dependent differential responses. The cultures of a particular subculture procedure displayed unique cell size distribution and disintegrated completely in 6 weeks following mitomycin C treatment, but their repeated subculture resulted in feeder regrowth as late as 11 weeks after the growth arrest. In contrast, mitomycin C failed to inhibit cell proliferation in cultures of the other subculture schemes and also in a clone that was established from a transformation focus of super-confluent culture. The resultant proliferative feeder cells contaminated the keratinocyte cultures. The anchorage-independent growth appeared in late passages as compared with the expression of mitomycin C resistance in earlier passages. The feeder regrowth was prevented by identifying a safe subculture protocol that discouraged the inclusion of resistant variants. We advocate routine anchorage-independent growth assay and absolute confirmation of feeder disintegration to qualify feeder batches and caution on the use of fetal bovine serum.     

Effects of mitomycin C on the rate of DNA synthesis in normal and Fanconi anaemia cells

The effect of low doses mitomycin C (MMC) on DNA synthesis of fibroblast cell lines derived from normal individuals or patients with Fanconi anaemia (FA) was studied. Using low doses of MMC (12 ng/ml), little or no effect was observed on DNA synthesis of normal cells, whereas DNA synthesis of FA cells was greatly inhibited 24 and 48 h after treatment. This effect was due to a decrease in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells, while the amount of radioactivity incorporated per cell (as measured with grain counting in autoradiograms) remained the same. These findings indicate that the inhibition of semiconservative DNA synthesis induced by MMC in FA cells is not due to an inhibitory effect of unrepaired lesions on the rate of DNA synthesis but rather to a block in cell cycle progression.     

海藻酸微囊替代DMSO和FBS的STO细胞冷冻保存研穷

目的：改进现有的细胞冷冻保存方法,建立一个不舍二甲基亚砜（DMSO）和血清（FBS）的高效冷冻保存方法,为细胞治疗等临床实践提供优质细胞。方法：海藻酸微囊包埋鼠胚成纤维细胞（STO细胞）后用不含DMSO和FBS的冷冻保存液进行冷冻保存。,设四个对照组：添加10％DMSO和20％FBS的组、仅添加10％DMSO的组、仅添加20％FBS、DMSO和FBS均不添加组。在冷冻前后对各实验组细胞用台盼兰染色,进行细胞计数,计算细胞存活率,同时利用溴乙锭的二聚物（EthD）、钙黄绿素-AM（Calcein—AM）进行染色观察细胞的形态,且进一步验证细胞存活率;解冻复苏后用MTT法评估细胞的增殖速度和生长活力。结果：冷冻保存30天后对各组的细胞数量、细胞存活率、细胞形态和解冻复苏后细胞的生长活力进行比较发现,海藻酸微囊包埋冷冻组的细胞数、细胞存活率、细胞形态和生长活力均与添加DMSO和FBS的组之间无显著性差异,而与其它三个对照组呈显著性差异。结论：使用海藻酸微囊替代DMSO和FBS保存STO细胞,能有效的维持细胞形态、数量、存活率,同时不影响细胞的生长活力,从而建立了一个不含DMS0和FBS的高效冷冻保存方法。     

Physical,chemical, and biological factors affecting sister-chromatid exchange induction in human lymphocytes exposed to mitomycin C prior to culture

In experiments to assess the effects of several biological, chemical, and physical variables on sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in cultured lymphocytes exposed to mitomycin C (MMC) before PHA stimulation we observed: (1) high SCE frequencies in female cells, and normal SCE frequencies in Y-bearing metaphases in mixed cultures containing equal numbers of MMC-treated female lymphocytes and untreated male lymphocytes; (2) small, but statistically significant, decreases in SCEs with increasing pH after G₀ exposure in the pH range 6.6–7.6; (3) pronounced reductions in MMC-induced SCEs in lymphocytes exposed at 4°C vs. 37°C. In other studies, SCE induction was evaluated in cultures exposed during G₀ to MMC concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 2.5 μg/ml for varying time intervals ranging from 5 min to 24 h. For all concentrations tested SCE induction varied as a linear function of G₀ exposure time. To compare SCE induction between cultures, we calculated the mean frequencies of SCEs induced per metaphase/unit dose MMC/unit G₀ exposure time (SCE/μg/h). A mean frequency of 20.7 ± 4.8 SCE/μg/h was observed for 41 lymphocyte cultures suggesting that a single term adequately describes the rate of SCE induction following G₀ exposure to a 10-fold range in concentration of MMC for time intervals of 30 min to 24 h.     

DNA breaks and repair in the mouse leukemia L1210 cells exposed to three different types of interstrand DNA cross-linkers

DNA breaks and repair in mouse leukemia L1210 cells treated with 3 different types of cross-linkers, mitomycin C (MMC), 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitroso ure a hydrochloride (ACNU) and SN-07 (a macromolecular antibiotic), were studied. Measured in D37 values, MMC gave the highest number of cross-links per lethal 'hit' directly after the 1-h treatment in the alkaline elution assay, followed by ACNU and SN-07. A good dose-response increase in induced interstrand DNA cross-linking frequency was observed in cells treated with 2.5-10 micrograms/ml MMC and with 10-100 micrograms/ml ACNU for 1 h with and without 24-h post-incubation. After 6-h post-incubation, the highest frequency of cross-linking was observed in cells treated with 2.5 micrograms/ml MMC and 30 micrograms/ml ACNU, while cross-link production continued in the cells treated with SN-07 for 12-h post-incubation. No significant increase in DNA breaks was observed in cells treated with MMC throughout 24-h post-incubation. The highest frequency of single-strand DNA breaks in cells treated with ACNU was observed immediately after the treatment and they disappeared after 6-h post-incubation. After 24-h post-incubation, a marked enhancement of the DNA breaks was observed in cells treated with SN-07 and the cells contained double-strand DNA breaks also. RNA synthesis was not affected in the cells treated with 10 micrograms/ml MMC and slightly inhibited to 70% of control in those treated with 100 micrograms/ml ACNU, while DNA synthesis in both cells was significantly inhibited after 24-h post-incubation. By contrast, both RNA and DNA synthesis were completely inhibited in cells treated with 8.0 micrograms/ml SN-07.