拮抗菌BS—98分泌抗菌蛋白的条件及其发酵液特性

由本室分离得到一株强烈抑制芦笋茎枯病等植物病原真菌的拮抗菌ＢＳ—９８菌株（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）。用环柱法检测该菌株的抗菌活性表明,该菌株除抑制芦笋茎枯病菌ＰｈｏｍａａｓｐａｒａｇｉＳａｃｃ外,对小麦赤霉病菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｇｒａｍｉｎｅａｒｕｍ）,棉花枯萎病菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍｆｓｐ．Ｖａｓｉｎｆｅｃｔｕｍ）、棉花黄萎病菌（Ｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｌｕｍａｌｂｏ—ａｔｒｕｍ）、黄瓜灰霉病菌（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉ     

链霉菌S01菌株几丁质醇对植物病原真菌的拮抗作用

纯化后的链霉菌Ｓ０１菌株几丁质酶用环柱法在ＰＤＡ平板上对杨树腐烂病菌、葡萄孢菌（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓ ｓｐ．ＡＳ３．２６１６）、黄瓜黑腥病菌、辣椒疫病菌、棉花黄萎病菌、立枯丝核菌等植物病原真菌及产黄青霉、啤酒酵母的生长具有明显的抑制作用。在６株植物病原真菌的液体培养物中加入几丁质酶后,菌丝出现扭曲变形、细胞质聚集、外溢等异常现象。在高渗缓冲液中,经几丁质酶处理后,啤酒酵母、葡萄孢菌和产黄青霉的细胞壁受     

几种药用植物精油的抗真菌活性研究

研究了作用浓度为0：7-4．0μL/mL的南方药用植物香茅（Cymbopogon citratus）、广藿香（Pogostemon cablin（Blanco）Benth）、大叶桉（Eucalyptus robusta Smith）和蛇床（Cnidium monnier（L.）Cusson）的精油对6种植物病原真菌的抑制活性。结果表明,大叶桉、广藿香和香茅精油对串珠镰刀病菌（Fussarium moniliforme）、玉米弯孢霉菌（Curvjlaria lunata）对多种供试植物病原真菌的生长有明显抑制活性,其中,香茅精油在浓度为3．3μL/mL时,能完全抑制大部分供试真菌的生长。但不同精油对于各病原真菌的抑制率有一定差异。本研究为复合植物精油抗真菌农药的开发提供依据。     

白粉菌属一新种

报道了寄生在人参（ＰａｎａｘｇｉｎｓｅｎｇＭｅｙｅｒ）上的白粉菌属一新种：人参白粉菌（ＥｒｙｓｉｐｈｅｐａｎａｃｉｓＲ．Ｌ．Ｂａｉ．ｅｔＷ．Ｃ．Ｌｉｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,此为白粉菌有性型在五加科（Ａｒａｌｉ ａｃｅａｅ）植物上寄生的首次记载。模式标本存放在解放军农牧大学真菌标本室     

湖北第三纪双子叶植物木化石

描述的木化石产自湖北新洲县阳逻镇的砂砾岩中,计有Ｌａｕｒｉｎｏｘｙｌｏｎ ｄａｂｉｅｓｈａｎｅｎｓｅ Ｙａｎｇ（ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,Ｃａｎａｒｉｏｘｙｌｏｎ ｎｏｄｕｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ Ｙａｎｇ（ｓｐ．ｖｏｖ．）和Ｃｏｒｎｏｘｙｌｏｎ ｈｕｂｅｉｅｎｓｅ Ｙａｎｇ（ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,它们似属第三纪植物。木化石的解剖特征表明,这些植物当时生长在温暖湿润的亚热带。     

白豆杉的化学成分分析

白豆杉（ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｅｎｉ）为我国特有植物,属于红豆杉科（Ｔａｘａｃｅａｅ）白豆杉属（ｐｓｅｕ－ｄｏｔａｘｕｓ）．本文对白豆杉树皮的化学成分以及就该种植物中是否含有紫杉醇（Ｔａｘｏｌ）进行分析研究．并从石油醚提取物中已鉴定出２个化合物,为铁杉树脂醇（Ｔｓｕｇａｌａｃｔｏｎｅ）和１．１．３－三苯基丙烷（１．１．３－ｔｒｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｐｒｏｐａｎｅ）     

峨眉山自然保护区的虫草及其它昆虫病原真菌I.

采自四川省峨眉山自然保护区的虫草及其相关昆虫病原真菌,其中除有常见的蛹虫草Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｍｉｌｉｔａｒｉｓ（Ｖｕｉｌｌ）,Ｆｒ粉被虫草（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｐｒｕｉｎｏｓａＰｅｔｃｈ）蝉拟青霉Ｐａｅｃｉｌｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｉｃａｄａｅ（Ｍｉｑｕｅｌ）Ｓａｍｓｏｎ,球孢白僵菌Ｂｅａｕｖｅｒｉａｂａｓｓｉａｎａ（Ｂａｌｓ．）Ｖｕｉｌｌ等昆虫病原真菌外,将主要描述峨眉虫草新种（Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｅｍｅｉｅ     

苏皖象山群下部一些本内苏铁目化石的表皮构造研究

报道象山群下部的本内苏铁植物５属６种：Ｔｙｒｍｉａｓｕｓｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｐｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｕｍｓｐ．１,Ｐ．ｓｐ．２,Ａｎｏｍｏｚａｍｉｔｅｓｑｕａｄｒａｔｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,ＯｔｏｚａｍｉｔｅｓｈｓｉａｎｇｃｈｉｅｎｓｉｓＳｚｅ,Ｎｉｌｓｏｎｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｖｉｔａｔａ（Ｂｒｏｎｇｎ．）Ｆｌｏｒｉｎ,对其表皮构造进行了详细的描述。分布于苏皖沿江地区早中侏罗世的象山群,含有丰富的植物化石,但保存有炭质薄膜可资内部构造研究的标本尚属首次发现。     

长白山分解纤维素的瓶霉属和外瓶霉属真菌

瓶霉属、外瓶霉属真菌在自然界中广泛分布,是有着重要经济意义的一类真菌。迄今,我国已报道疣状瓶霉（Ｐｈｉａｌｏｐｈｏｒａ ｖｅｒｒｕｃｏｓａ）。裴氏瓶霉（Ｐｈ．ｐｅｄｒｏｓｏｉ）,棘状外瓶霉（Ｅｘｏｐｈｉａｌａ ｓｐｉｎｉｆｅｒａ）、皮炎外瓶霉（Ｅ．ｄｅｒｍａｔｉｔｉｄｉｓ）和甄氏外瓶霉（Ｅ．ｊｅａｎｓｅｌｍｅｉ＝Ｐｈ．ｇｏｕｇｅｒｏｔｉｉ）５种,均是分离自人体的病原真菌。在长白山自然保护区的原始林     

中国襟Ji属种类记述

本文记述中国襟Ｊｉ属Ｔｏｇｏｐｅｒｌａ Ｋｌａｐａｌｅｋ昆虫６种,其中包括３新种,即无色襟ＪｉＴｏｇｏｐｅｒｌａ ｎｏｎｃｏｌｏｒｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;全黑襟ＪｉＴｏｇｏｐｅｒｌａ ｔｏｇｔａｎｉｇｒａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和三角襟ＪｉＴｏｇｏｐｅｒｌａｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａｔａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本２保存在浙江大学植物系昆虫标本室（ＺＵ）和西北农业大学昆虫博物馆（ＮＷＡＵ）。     

香港地区红树植物资源研究(Ⅰ)——四种常见红树植物抑制植物病源真菌效能的评价

本文对香港西贡三杯酒地区四种红树植物Excoecaria agallocha,Aegiceras corniculatum,Kandelia candel,Lumnitzera racemosa抑制植物病原真菌的效能,进行了评价研究,所用植物真菌为Fusarium oxysporum,Heminthosporium sp.Semphyllium sp.,生物检验方法为Linear-growth及Dry-weight,实验结果表明,四种红树植物的溶剂提取物都具有不同程度的抑菌能力,其中以Agiceras corniculatum及Lumnitzera racemosa的抑菌效能更显著。     

柠檬酸及香精油的抗菌性研究概述

不少香精油类物质具有杀菌作用,可用作食品天然防腐剂。本文对柠檬醛、香精油的抗菌机理及本领域的研究进展、存在的问题作一综述,并对其发展前景进行了讨论。     

Antifungal Activity and Molecular Orbital Energies of Aldehyde Compounds from Oils of Higher Plants

Mechanisms of antifungal actions of cinnamaldehyde, citral, perillaldehyde and citronellal were investigated. The growth inhibitions by the aldehydes were reduced or abolished in the presence of cysteine or glutathione in some cases, indicating that the inhibitions were mainly due to reactions of the aldehydes with SH groups involved in the fungal growth. In other cases, the SH compounds were ineffective on the inhibitory actions of the aldehydes. By calculating energies of molecular orbitals of the aldehydes, it was found that the antifungal activity was related to the energy of the lowest empty molecular orbital, i.e., the lower the energy, the higher is the antifungal activity. The energy values of the molecular orbitals indicate that the aldehydes except citronellal are good electron acceptors. It was further demonstrated, by studies of difference spectra, that cinnamaldehyde, citral and perillaldehyde are capable of forming charge transfer complexes with tryptophan, a good electron donor. These results strongly suggest that the antifungal actions of the aldehydes are possibly due to their abilities to form charge transfer complexes with electron donors in addition to their reactivity with SH groups.     

The in vitro study of apoptosis in NB4 cell induced by citral

Citral, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, is a key component of the essential oils extracted from several lemon-scented herbal plants. Besides its antifungal activity, the anticancer effect of citral was studied in recent years. In this study, we investigated the effect of citral on the acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4. Citral treatment had an antiproliferative effect in NB4 cells via the induction of apoptosis assessed by morphology, proliferation assay, DNA electrophoresis, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and caspase-3 activation. And citral induced apoptosis of NB4 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, citral treatment induced decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that citral induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Bax up-regulation and Bcl-2 down-regulation on mRNA level and NF-κB down-regulation on protein level was found in this study, suggesting that Bcl-2, Bax and NF-κB may be involved in the mechanism of the apoptotic effect of citral on NB4 cells. These data suggest that citral has a potential therapeutic effect on leukemia.     

多巴胺参与P物质对胃肌电活动和胃运动的毒蕈碱抑制效应

我们以前的工作表明尾核注射Ｐ物质能抑制胃肌电快波和胃运动,该效应是通过胆碱能Ｍ受体介导的。本文观察到Ｐ物质的抑胃效应可分别被尾核注射Ｐ物质抗血清、Ｐ物质受体拮抗剂［Ａｒｇ＾６,Ｄ－Ｔｒｉｐ＾７,ＭｅＰｈｅ＾８］－ＳＰ６－１１以及多巴胺Ｄ２受体了民剂氟哌啶醇所消除;尾核注射多巴胺对胃肌电快波和胃运动也有抑制作用,且能被尾核注射氟哌啶醇以及阿托品所阻断。据此,我们高想尾核Ｐ物质可能是通过多巴胺Ｄ２受体     

Antifungal and larvicidal activities of two acyclic monoterpenes; citral and geraniol against phytopathogenic fungi and insects

Abstract

Citral and geraniol are dominating constituents of lemon and rose scented essential oils of Cymbopogon spp. Here, we report their antifungal activity against some pathogenic fungi Drechslera oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii and larvicidal activity against two insects Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura. Results revealed that both citral and geraniol exhibited strong fungicidal effects at concentrations > 0.2 µL mL^?1. Citral was found most active against F. oxysporum and S. rolfsii while geraniol against S. rolfsii at 0.2–2 µL mL^?1. Nanoemulsions of citral and geraniol caused 91 and 94% larval mortality of H. armigera and S. litura, respectively, at 1% concentration. Hence, the study revealed potential antifungal and larvicidal activities of citral and geraniol, which can be implicated in formulation of biocides for effective control of phytopathogenic fungal and insects.     

银杏外种皮中银杏酚酸的分离和抑菌试验

本文介绍了用薄层层析分离银杏外种皮中银杏酚酸的方法,分离得到白果酸和氢化白果酸,经抑菌试验表明,两种物质都有较强的抑制真菌的效果,并且白果酸比氢化白果酸的抑菌效果好。     

THE ANTIPROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SERUM : I. THE NATURE AND EXPERIMENTAL VARIATION OF THE ANTIPROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SERUM

1. An equation is derived for the calculation of a constant which, experimental results indicate, may be a more reliable index of the antiproteolytic activity of serum than those equations hitherto used. 2. (a) Intramuscular administration of trypsin resulted in a slow rise in the antiproteolytic activity of the serum, followed by a lesser decline. (b) Intravenous administration resulted in no appreciable variation. (c) Oral administration resulted in a rapid rise, which was sustained during the period of administration. (d) Intramuscular, intravenous, or oral administration of denatured trypsin resulted in no appreciable variation. (e) The extent of the local necrosis following subcutaneous injection of trypsin varied inversely with the antiproteolytic activity of the serum. 3. The experimental results indicate that the products of protein hydrolysis in the intestine and parenterally are an important factor in the antiproteolytic activity of the serum. They also indicate that antibodies to trypsin are not an important factor in the antiproteolytic activity of the serum.     

THE OXIDASE ACTIVITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCI

SUMMARY: By the use of Kovacs'(1956) test, oxidase activity was demonstrated in 23 of 66 strains of coagulase negative staphylococci (or micrococci) but in none of 82 strains of coagulase positive staphylococci. Less sensitive methods showed fewer reactions or failed to demonstrate them at all. Oxidase activity could not be correlated with other biochemical features.     

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of Lippia rehmannii from South Africa

Lippia rehmannii H.Pearson (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic bush, indigenous to the northern parts of South Africa. As far as could be ascertained, the essential oil composition has not been previously reported and forms the subject of this investigation. Aerial parts of the shrub were collected from two localities in Gauteng, South Africa, and the isolated essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography. Citral, a mixture of the E- and Z-isomers, was found to be the main constituent of the oils, while borneol, camphor, neryl acetate, isocaryophyllene, p-cymene, β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide were other major compounds present. Oil compositions, within and between the two localities, did not differ significantly. The in vitro antifungal activity of L. rehmannii essential oil was compared to that of Cympopogon citratus (lemongrass) and pure citral, against a number of pre- and postharvest fungal food pathogens. At a concentration of 3000 µL/L, lemongrass oil and pure citral caused complete growth inhibition of all the pathogens tested. Lippia rehmannii, containing less citral than lemongrass oil, was effective at this concentration against the majority of pathogens, but only partially restricted the growth of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Botrytis cinerea. This finding suggests that citral may be largely responsible for the observed antifungal activities. Essential oil from L. rehmannii appears to be a good candidate for the in vitro control of Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani and application of these oils in the field should be investigated.