猪产仔数分子标记及其效应分析

初步确定了2个新的猪产仔数分子标记,雌激素受体基因ESR的第8外显子处的ESRB位点、催乳素受体基因的第7外显子的FSHRB位点。通过比较和分析多个产仔数的效应,初步确定了4个有利于产仔数提高的分子标记基因型,基因位点ESR、FSHRB的基因型BB的产仔数显著地高于AB、AA型;位点ESRB、PRLR的基因型AA的产仔数显著地高于AB、BB型;4个基因位点多态性与仔猪生长性能、母猪乳头数不存在显著的影响。     

5个与猪产仔数相关基因的效应分析

为了比较不同基因对猪产仔数效应大小,在相同的大白 （158头）、长白 （224头）猪群中采用PCR-RFLP法进行了ESR、FSHβ、PRL、PRLR、NCOA1 5种与产仔数相关基因的基因型频率检测及不同基因型的总产仔数和产活仔数效应分析,结果表明,对相同母猪群产仔数影响效应最大的是PRLR和NCOA1基因,AA型比BB型母猪总产仔数高2.28~3.33头（P<0.01）,产活仔数高1.57~3.30头（P<0.01）,其次为ESR和FSHβ基因,BB型比AA型母猪总产仔数高0.55~1.18头（P<0.05,长白例外）,产活仔数高0.37~1.20头（P<0.05）。PRL基因对产仔数效应不显著。     

雌激素受体基因和长白猪繁殖性能相关研究

通过检测612头长白母猪共2 239窝ESR基因的PvuⅡ酶切多态性,分析了不同ESR基因型和长白母猪繁殖性状的相关,以确定ESR基因在猪育种应用的可能性.头胎母猪、第2胎母猪和3胎以上母猪的资料分开统计.群体中B等位基因的频率很低,但似然比检验结果显示群体的基因频率处于哈代-温伯格连锁平衡状态.第1胎BB基因型母猪的总产仔数显著高于AA型母猪(12.05±0.82 vs 10.19±0.24)(P＜0.05),但BB基因型母猪的初生仔猪重显著低于AA型母猪(1.23±0.07vs 1.42±0.02)(P＜0.05).第3胎以上资料合并,BB基因型母猪的总产仔数显著多于AA和AB基因型母猪(11.98±0.63 vs10.90±0.48/10.92±0.51)(P＜0.05),产活仔数显著高于AA型母猪(10.31±0.58 vs 9.43±0.45)(P＜0.05);AB基因型母猪初生仔猪重显著低于AA型母猪(1.44±0.04 vs 1.48±0.04)(P＜0.05).所有资料合并,BB基因型母猪的总产仔数极显著高于AB型母猪(11.63±0.52 VS 10.63±0.42)(P＜0.01),显著高于AA型母猪(11.63±0.52 vs 10.70±0.40)(P＜0.05);BB基因型母猪的产活仔数显著高于AB和AA基因型母猪(10.15±0.50 vs 9.33±0.39/9.41±0.41)(P＜0.05).其余情况下各基因型母猪间繁殖性状间差异不显著(P＞0.05).总之,BB基因型母猪的总产仔数和产活仔数优于其他基因型母猪,但仔猪初生重较低.ESR基因可以作为遗传标记,用于本群长白猪产仔数的选择.     

金华猪3个繁殖性状主基因的分布及其效应的研究

采用PCR RFLP技术分析了金华猪 3个品系的雌激素受体基因 (ESR)、促卵泡素 β亚基基因 (FSHβ)、催乳素受体基因 (PRLR)在金华猪 3个品系中的分布情况 ,并采用SPSS程序分析了ESR、FSHβ和PRLR 3个基因对金华猪Ⅰ系母猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明 :ESR基因的 3个基因型AA、AB、BB在金华猪Ⅰ系、Ⅱ系和Ⅲ系中的频率分别为 0 0 2 37(AA)、0 36 0 9(AB)、0 6 15 4 (BB) ,0 (AA)、0 5 333(AB)、0 4 6 6 7(BB)和 0 2 90 9(AA)、0 6 (AB)、0 10 91(BB) ;PRLR基因的 3个基因型AA、AB、BB在金华猪Ⅰ系、Ⅱ系和Ⅲ系的频率分别为 0 2 5 6 0 (AA)、0 392 9(AB)、0 35 12 (BB) ,0 2 (AA)、0 2 6 6 7(AB)、0 5 333(BB)和 0 12 73(AA)、0 4 90 9(AB)、0 3818(BB) ,而FSHβ基因仅在金华猪Ⅰ系中存在多态性 ,且有利基因B的频率很低 ,仅为 0 0 12 0。ESR基因对金华母猪经产胎次产活仔数、所有胎次的产活仔数和总产仔数影响显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对金华母猪经产胎次的总产仔数的影响接近显著 (P =0 0 6 1)。B基因对产活仔数的加性效应为经产胎次 0 70头 胎 ,所有胎次 0 6 6头 胎 ;对总产仔数的加性效应为经产胎次 0 90头 胎 ,所有胎次 0 84头 胎。PRLR基因对金华母猪的各项繁殖性状都没有显著影响 (P     

猪PRLR和RBP4基因多态性与产仔性能的关系

采用PCR-RFLP方法, 对莱芜黑猪、鲁莱黑猪、里岔黑猪、鲁烟白猪、新沂蒙黑猪5个山东地方/培育猪种和大约克夏、长白、杜洛克3个引进猪种共8个猪种323头繁殖母猪进行PRLR和RBP4基因的多态性检测, 并采用最小二乘法分析其对产仔数影响的遗传效应。结果表明: 两个基因位点在8个猪种的测定群体中均存在多态性, 但山东地方/培育猪种与引进猪种间在基因型频率上存在较大差异。PRLR和RBP4基因对产仔数性状有显著影响(P<0.05), AA均为优良基因型。对于PRLR基因, 山东地方/培育猪种内AA基因型母猪的总产仔数和活产仔数比BB基因型母猪平均多产1.03头和0.89头, 引进猪种中AA基因型母猪比BB基因型母猪平均多产分别为1.26头和1.11头。对于RBP4基因, 山东地方/培育猪种内AA基因型母猪的总产仔数和活产仔数比BB基因型母猪平均多产0.59头和0.51头, 引进猪种中AA基因型母猪比BB基因型母猪平均多产分别为0.72头和0.64头     

藏猪3个繁殖性状主效基因多态性研究

藏猪是我国高海拔特有猪种,为了解藏猪繁殖性能的遗传潜力和基因多样性,利用PCR－RFLP技术测定了202头藏猪ESR、FSHβ和PRLR 3个繁殖性状主效基因位点的基因型多态性,并与文献报道的国内外猪种进行比较。结果显示藏猪群体ESR、FSHβ和PRLR优势基因型分别为BB型、AB型和AA型,3个位点基因型分布均符合哈迪－温伯格平衡。藏猪群体3个繁殖性状主效基因位点都有报道的有利基因型,且有利等位基因频率较高,说明藏猪在这3个基因位点可能具有优良繁殖性能的遗传潜力。     

糯谷猪FSHβ基因多态性与部分繁殖性能的关系

采用PCR扩增技术对贵州地方猪品种糯谷猪的FSHβ亚基基因进行了检测,结果发现有2个等位基因A和B,3个基因型AA、AB和BB.各种基因型数量BB型>AB型>AA型,BB型为优势基因型,优势等位基因为B.分析3种基因型与部分繁殖性能之间的相关性,证明AB型的总产仔数显著高于AA型(P<0.05),AA型与BB型间差异不显著(P>0.05);BB型和AB型间差异不显著(P>0.05),说明AB型为优势基因型,而在其他性状之间没有发现显著的差异.因此FSHβ亚基基因可以作为控制猪高繁殖率的候选基因.     

鸡Myostatin基因单核苷酸多态性及其对屠体性状的遗传效应分析

以180只3个品系的温岭草鸡为材料, 采用PCR-RFLP方法对鸡MSTN基因外显子1的2个多态位点进行研究, 并分析对屠体性状的遗传效应。Bsh1236Ⅰ识别G(2100)A突变, 产生MN和NN 2种基因型, MspⅠ识别G(2109)A突变, 产生AA、AB和BB 3种基因型, 联合2个位点分析出现了5种基因型。基因型频率在品系间的c2检验表明差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。方差分析显示不同基因型的屠宰率有显著或极显著的差异(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。多重比较显示：杂合型MN的腹脂重和屠宰率显著(P＜0.05)高于突变型NN; 杂合型AB的胸肌重和胸肌率显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05 )高于基因型AA, 基因型AA的腹脂重和腹脂率都极显著(P＜0.01)高于突变型BB, 在腿肌重性状上, BB型显著(P＜0.05)低于AA型和AB型;2个位点联合分析时, NA/MA基因型的腹脂重、腹脂率和胸肌率均极显著(P＜0.01)高于或低于其他基因型。     

从江香猪RARG基因多态性与繁殖性状关联分析

本实验目的是研究RARG基因SNP位点与从江香猪繁殖性状的相关性,寻找影响从江香猪繁殖性状的QTL,为分子标记辅助选择提供依据。本研究以从江香猪母猪为研究对象,利用DNA直接测序技术,筛选RARG基因SNP位点,并进行基因多样性、关联性和数量性状遗传分析研究。受试群体中,在RARG基因中发现3个SNP位点,其中A~(55)G、C~(1464)T位于intron7,C~(128)T位于exon8;关联分析发现,A~(55)G位点与初、经产母猪总产仔数、产活仔数及乳头数差异性均不显著(p0.05);C~(1464)T位点与经产母猪总产仔数、产活仔数及乳头数均呈显著性差异(p0.05),且CC基因型比CT、TT基因型多;对于C128T位点,AA基因型初产母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数及母猪乳头数均比AB、BB基因型多,且差异性均显著(p0.05);数量性状遗传分析发现,等位基因C对经产母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、乳头数的平均效应分别为0.56、0.59、0.29,CC基因型估计育种值分别为1.12、1.18、0.58;等位基因A对初产母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、乳头数的平均效应分别为0.61、0.60、0.33,AA基因型估计育种值分别为1.22、1.20、0.65。推测等位基因C和等位基因A可能为从江香猪总产仔数、产活仔数、乳头数的有利等位基因,且CC基因型和AA基因型为有利基因型。     

猪PRLR基因PCR—SSCP多态性与产仔性能的关联分析

采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪、马身猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪等6个品种472个个体催乳素受体基因(PRLR)的多态性,检测到A、B、C 3个等位基因和AA、AB、AC、BB、CC 5种基因型.在马身猪中, B等位基因为优势基因,频率为0.55;其他品种中,优势基因为A等位基因,频率分布在0.79～0.89之间;C等位基因除在大白猪频率略高外(0.20),在其他品种中频率都很低,在0～0.09之间.对AA、BB、CC三种纯合子进行克隆测序和同源序列比较,发现在扩增片段内有6处SNP,都发生在PRLR基因的第8内含子,分别是内含子8第26位、54位和99位的C→T突变,47位和68位的A→G突变,63位的G→A突变.利用最小二乘分析研究了PRLR基因型对母猪头胎总产仔数和产活仔数的影响,结果表明PRLR基因不同基因型母猪的头胎总产仔数和产活仔数差异均不显著.     

Association of BF,RBP4, and ESR2 Genotypes with Litter Size in an Autochthonous Pig Population

The aim of the present study was to determine any potential association of the BF, RBP4, and ESR2 genes with reproduction traits in an autochthonous Greek pig population. The PCR-RFLP methodology was implemented for genotyping purposes of the examined genes. No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed for the examined loci, while the B allele noted to be the more frequent in all analyzed genes. In addition, sows with the AA genotype of BF gene found to produce significantly lower numbers of the total born piglets (TNB) and number of piglets born alive (TNA), while the respective BB genotype significantly exceeded in TNB and NBA traits compared to the other two genotypes (P?Abbreviations: TNB: Total number of born piglets; NBA: Number of piglets born alive     

撒坝猪血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能关系的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE), 对115头撒坝猪的血清酯酶(ES)多态性进行了检测,计算了该位点的基因型频率、基因频率和位点多态杂合度(h),并用二因素有互作的最小二乘模型对血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明,撒坝猪血清酯酶3种基因型AA、AB和BB的频率分别为0.2696、0.5826和0.1478。两个等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.5609和0.4391。该位点的杂合度为0.4926。在3种基因型中,不同基因型母猪的繁殖性能在产仔数、仔猪初生窝重、20日龄窝重、断奶仔猪数和断奶窝重等性状上存在着显著差异(P<0.05);公、母猪不同基因型交配组合在产仔数、断奶仔猪数、仔猪断奶体重和断奶窝重等性状上亦有显著差异(P<0.05)。显示出猪的血清酯酶多态性可望作为繁殖性能选种的遗传标记。 Abstract：　Serum esterase polymorphisms of 115 Saba pigs were investigated by using the method of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotype frequency, gene frequency and heterozygosity of this locus were calculated. The relationship between the serum esterase polymorphism and reproductive performance was analyzed by the least square analysis of two factors (ES genotype of boar and sow) with interaction. The results demonstrated that the genotype frequency of AA, ABandBBwas 0.2696, 0.5826 and 0.1478 respectively, the gene frequency of the alleleAandBwas 0.5609 and 0.4391 respectively. The heterozygosity of this locus was 0.4926. There are significant differences (P<0.05) on litter size, litter weight at birth, litter weight at 20 days, litter size at weaning and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic sows. The significant differences (P<0.05) were showed on litter size, litter size at weaning, weaning weight and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic mating combinations. It indicated that the serum esterase polymorphism was expected to be the genetic marker of pig reproductive performance.     

母猪哺乳初期的母性行为与催乳素受体基因多态性关系的初探

应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法对民猪和长白猪的催乳素受体(Prolactin receptor, 简称PRLR)基因进行了单核苷酸多态性分析, 以研究PRLR基因影响母猪母性行为性状的可能性。结果发现在PRLR基因的cDNA第1620位点处存在NaeⅠ多态性。测序表明, 该点存在一个T→C的单碱基突变, 属沉默突变。对3种基因型与部分行为性状进行最小二乘分析, 结果表明, AB型母猪与其他两种基因型母猪相比, 表现出较低的侧卧转为其他姿势的频率以及由母猪结束哺乳的频率(P<0.05), 其他行为性状在基因型间不显著。因此, 推测等位基因A可能是影响母猪母性行为的不良基因。     

藏猪繁殖性状多基因效应分析

藏猪是我国特有的高原型地方猪种, 具有适应高海拔恶劣气候环境、抗病、耐粗、肉质鲜美等特点, 但繁殖力低。文章以促卵泡素b亚基(FSHb)、雌激素受体(ESR)、促乳素受体(PRLR)和视黄醛结合蛋白4(RBP4)等基因作为繁殖性状主要候选基因, 测定76头藏猪的基因型, 分析单基因和多基因合并对繁殖性状的影响效应。结果说明, 在藏猪群体中, FSHb、ESR和PRLR基因不同基因型繁殖性状差异显著, 优良基因型分别为BB、BB和AA。藏猪RBP4基因只有2种基因型, 对繁殖性状影响不显著。FSHb-ESR-PRLR基因的合并优良基因型为BB-BB-AA, 多基因聚合效应高于单基因效应。     

猪雌激素受体（ESR）基因对产仔数性状的影响

猪产仔数是重要的经济性状,产仔数的提高将会大大地增加商品肉猪的产量,给现代养猪生产带来巨大的经济效益。ＥＳＲ基因是影响猪产仔数的主效基因,而且与猪的生长发育性状及酮体性状之间不存在负的基因多效性影响。采用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰｓ的方法,通过对５个不同品种的、特别是我国地方品种的２６２头母猪进行了基因多态性分析,研究表明ＥＳＲ基因在这种种群对产仔数均有极显著影响,ＥＳＲ位点ＢＢ基因型母猪平均比ＡＡ基因型母     

Prolactin Receptor as a Candidate Gene for Prolificacy of Small Tail Han Sheep

DNA polymorphism of the ovine prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) was investigated and used to study its effect on litter size in sheep. By means of PRLR gene sequence homology between sheep and human, three primer pairs were designed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification within intron 1 and exon 10 of the PRLR gene in sheep. In these parts of the gene the single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) in 314 Small Tail Han ewes. These poly-morphisms were used to study the associations with litter size. The results indicated that there were three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) detected by three primer pairs. For three primer pairs the frequency of allele A was 0.96, 0.79, 0.68; and the frequency of allele B was 0.04, 0.21, 0.32, respectively. The frequency of genotype AA was 0.93, 0.62, 0.51; the frequency of genotype AB was 0.06, 0.34, 0.34; the frequency of genotype BB was 0.01, 0.04, 0.15, respectively. The Small Tail Han ewes with genotype BB or AB had 0.64–0.76 or 0.44–0.54 more lambs than those with genotype AA, respectively. These results preliminarily showed that the prolactin receptor locus is either a major gene that influences the prolificacy in Small Tail Han sheep or is in close linkage with such a gene.     

Litter size and piglet traits of gilts with different prolactin receptor genotypes

Seventy-seven Large White x Meishan F2 crossbred gilts with prolactin receptor (PRLR) genotype AA (n = 26), AB (n = 36) and BB (n = 15) were compared for teat number (FTm), age at first estrus, gestation length (GL), litter size, and litter means of functional teat number (FTp), birthweight (BW), and pre-weaning growth rate (GR). Own placental information was available for 88% of 620 live-born piglets (62 gilts), since placentae were labeled during farrowing. The effect of PRLR genotype of the mother on average placenta weight (PLW) and placenta efficiency (EFF = BW/PLW), was therefore, also analyzed, PRLR genotype significantly (P < 0.05) affected age at first estrus and, as a result (since the gilts were inseminated at a fixed estrus number), age and bodyweight at insemination. Furthermore, PRLR genotype affected total number of piglets born (TNB, P = 0.056) and number of piglets born alive (NBA, P = 0.072), but it did not affect (P > 0.3) GL, BW or GR, neither before nor after correction for litter size. BB gilts were significantly younger at first estrus and younger and lighter at insemination than AA gilts (P < 0.05). AA gilts had larger TNB (P = 0.047) and tended to have a larger NBA (P = 0.062) than BB gilts. TNB was 11.4 +/- 0.7, 10.8 +/- 0.6, and 8.8 +/- 0.9; NBA was 11.1 +/- 0.6, 10.5 +/- 0.6, and 8.7 +/- 0.9; BW was 1309 +/- 40, 1277 +/- 34, and 1290 +/- 53 g; and GL was 113.6 +/- 0.3, 113.8 +/- 0.3, and 113.5 +/- 0.4 days for AA, AB and BB gilts, respectively. The effects on litter size and age at first estrus are independent effects. PRLR affected PLW (P = 0.050) and EFF (P = 0.066), resulting in a difference between AA and BB gilts. PLW was 160 +/- 9, 181 +/- 7 and 196 +/- 11 g and EFF was 7.6 +/- 0.2, 7.3 +/- 0.2 and 6.7 +/- 0.3 for AA (n = 19), AB (n = 29) and BB (n = 14) gilts, respectively. After correction for TNB, the differences disappeared. Functional teat number of the AA. AB and BB gilts was 15.35 +/- 0.22, 15.53 +/- 0.18, and 15.60 +/- 0.29, respectively, and was not affected by PRLR genotype (P = 0.7). Functional teat number of piglets from AA, AB and BB mothers was 14.20 +/- 0.10, 14.37 +/- 0.08, and 14.63 +/- 0.13, respectively. Piglets from BB mothers had on average larger numbers of functional teats compared to piglets from AA mothers (P = 0.028). In conclusion, PRLR gene is a major gene or marker for age at first estrus, litter size, and litter average of number of functional teats in the Large White x Meishan F2 crossbred gilts studied. The favorable allele for litter size (A allele) is the unfavorable allele for age at first estrus and for litter mean of functional teat number.