老年性白内障患者住院费用及相关因素的现况调查

目的 探讨老年性白内障住院患者住院费用的年龄、性别和不同医院的分布特点,为提供科学收费标准提供参考依据。方法 采用整群抽样的方法对2009年不同医院9 464例老年性白内障患者的住院费用及相关因素进行横断面调查并进行初步分析。结果 将老年白内障患者按<60岁、60~80岁、>80岁分为3组,床位费、西药费、检验费、放射费、特检费、治疗费、手术费和护理费均随年龄增加而增加且存在统计学差异。以上费用,男性患者均高于女性且存在统计学差异。海军医院患者最高（P<0.05）,其他由高至低依次为全军陆军医院、全军空军医院和全军二炮医院患者。结论 卫生决策部门应针对其不同特点制定适宜收费标准,有必要跟进研究不同病种费用区别的制度或管理层面的原因。

     

老年性白内障日间手术临床路径模式效果分析

目的 借鉴国内外日间手术管理经验,在医药分开综合改革的背景下,探索实施老年白内障日间手术临床路径新模式。方法 对首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院2010年（临床路径实施前）、2013年（临床路径实施后）和2016年（日间手术临床路径模式开展后）老年性白内障治疗人均费用、平均住院日、术后感染率进行比较。结果 实施老年白内障日间手术临床路径新模式,平均住院日缩短,人均治疗费用降低,且差异均有统计学意义（P>0.05）。2010年、2013年、2016年的手术感染率都较低,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 在保障医疗质量的前提下,老年性白内障日间手术临床路径新模式的实施,不仅提高医院和科室的经济效益,为政府节约医疗资源,而且还能降低患者的治疗费用,提高患者满意度。     

脑卒中患者连续性护理的应用及效果评价

目的 探讨对脑卒中患者应用连续性护理的效果。方法 构建连续性护理模式,从入院开始进行连续性护理干预,通过患者住院天数、住院费用、再入院率、护理服务满意度、BI指数等指标评价应用效果。结果 连续性护理干预减少了患者住院天数、住院费用、再入院率（P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05）,提高了患者对护理服务的满意度及BI指数（P<0.05）。结论 连续性护理是脑卒中患者护理的有效途径,值得推广应用。     

手术室流程优化后连台手术间隔时间的研究

目的 通过比较研究Ⅱ级手术间不同空气洁净时间,得出连台手术理想的间隔时间。方法 选择Ⅱ级手术间第一台手术结束后进行清洁净化,在清洁前和净化后15 min、30 min、45 min的3个时间段采用平板暴露法进行沉降菌监测。结果 清洁前沉降菌数超过标准,而清洁15 min后沉降菌数已降到标准要求。分别对培养皿清洁前、清洁后
15 min、30 min、45 min间进行方差分析,结果显示有统计学意义（P<0.01）;经多重比较（LSD）,清洁后15 min、30 min、45 min与清洁前比较,差异均有统计学意义（、P<0.01）,而清洁15 min后各时间点比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 手术结束后手术间净化15 min即可进行连台手术。     

临床路径管理在肾结石患者中的应用及变异分析

目的 探讨临床路径(CP)管理在经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石患者中的应用及变异分析。 方法 180例符合CP管理入径标准者,按既定肾结石CP管理流程进行诊疗操作（CP组）。将此前196例非CP管理患者作为对照组, 对比2组间平均住院日、术后无石率、平均住院花费以及其中药品费用所占的百分比、患者出院满意度评分等量化指标的差异,并对其中变异情况进行分析。 结果 CP组入径率41.67%,变异率达58.33%,导致变异的主要原因在于医、患对CP管理流程的认识偏差;CP组在平均住院日、平均住院花费及患者满意度优于对照组,具有统计学差异（P ＜0.05）。术后无石率、平均住院费用、药品所占住院费用百分比2组未见统计学差异。 结论 CP管理可有效缩短PCNL手术患者平均住院日,降低医疗费用、提高患者满意度。加强CP管理的医患教育是推行CP管理的关键。     

DRGs IE15组在临床路径管理前后的费用影响分析

目的 探讨临床路径对DRGs付费IE15组费用的影响。方法 对某三级甲等医院骨关节科2012年DRGs试点IE15组146例病历实行临床路径管理,分析其平均住院费用和平均住院天数的情况,并与2011年166例病历未实行临床路径管理的结果进行比较。结果 某三级甲等医院骨关节科IE15组实行临床路径管理后的平均住院费用(10 463.65元)和平均住院日（4.03天）明显低于实行临床路径管理前的平均住院费用（11 373.27元）和平均住院日（4.90天）（分别有P＜0.05和P＜0.000 1）。结论 临床路径可以降低DRGs的费用和住院日。     

品管圈降低肝胆外科非计划再手术发生率的应用研究

??????? 目的 降低肝胆二科非计划再次手术发生率。方法 综合运用品管圈的管理方法,分析影响非计划再次手术的主要原因,制定针对性措施实施过程改进。结果 实施改进措施后,非计划再次手术发生率由1.12%降低至0.21%,达到目标值＜0.5%（P=0.045）,月平均住院日由14.32天缩短至10.52天（P<0.001）。结论 品管圈管理方法的应用显著降低非计划再次手术发生率,缩短患者平均住院日,有利于提升手术质量,减少不良事件发生,保障患者生命安全。     

临床路径在梗阻性分娩治疗中的应用分析

????????目的 制定梗阻性分娩临床路径标准,并对实施效果进行评价。方法 采取随机分组方法,对梗阻性分娩患者分为实验组（实施临床路径）和对照组（常规治疗）。结果 实验组与对照组患者在年龄、病情、文化程度、城乡分布无显著差异（P＞0.05）,术前住院时间、术后住院时间及总住院时间有显著性差异（P<0.05）,药费、处置费及总住院费用上有显著性差异（P<0.05）,两组之间的满意度无差异。结论 梗阻性分娩中实施临床路径管理,对缩短住院时间、降低和控制住院费用、提高患者满意度方面有着重要的作用,但在路径的实施过程中也存在一些有待改进的问题。     

周六手术在医院运行管理中的价值和意义

目的 通过开展周六手术,缩短病人平均术前等待日及平均住院日。在保证医疗质量的前提下,达到提高效率,增加产能的目的。方法 在多部门协作的基础上,开展周六手术,改变原有人力配置方式和手术流程,以配合周六手术的进行。结果 手术流程再造后,与之前同期相比术前等待日缩短25.00%, 月平均手术台次增加12.35%, 病人平均住院日降低9.22%。结论 开展周六手术,能缩短患者平均住院日和术前等待日,为患者节约宝贵的时间和金钱,在一定程度上解决了患者看病难、看病贵的问题,提高了医院的工作效率。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).