饲用凝结芽孢杆菌高密度发酵及高纯度菌粉的制备

对凝结芽孢杆菌的发酵工艺进行了研究,150 L发酵罐发酵44 h,最终发酵液活菌数达到了2.01×1010cfu/m L,芽孢形成率达到96.82%。3 m3罐中试,发酵时间为44 h,发酵液中的活菌数达到2.10×1010cfu/m L,芽孢形成率达到91.70%。发酵液离心后,收集菌液进行喷雾干燥以收获菌粉(进风温度160℃,出风温度80℃),菌粉收率为2.50%,芽孢收率86.07%。     

不同发酵方式和保存方法对3种生防菌活菌量的影响

为明确3株优良生防菌SC11、153、FO47在不同发酵方法和保存条件下活菌量变化规律,采用活菌平板计数法,测定3种生防菌12个月内活菌量变化及3种生防菌粉剂发酵初期和12月保存期后对茄子黄萎病的温室盆栽防效。结果表明,SC11、 153和FO47菌粉于4 ℃密封保存12个月后活菌量与其初始活菌量差异不显著（P<0.05）;FO47菌粉在4 ℃保存12个月后活菌量高于初始活菌量（P<0.05）;3种生防菌发酵液初始活菌量较菌粉低1～2个数量级,在保存期60 d内活菌量急剧下降,第6个月时接近于0。3种生防菌粉存放12个月后对茄子黄萎病仍保持较高的抑菌活性。说明,固体发酵菌粉可以得到较高数量级的初始活菌量,3种生防菌菌粉4 ℃密封保存12个月后活菌量及抑菌活性不变,且FO47菌粉活菌量略有上升;发酵液不利于生防菌的长期保存。     

两岐双岐杆菌菌株制剂的研究——Ⅱ.两岐双岐杆菌及其和嗜酸乳杆菌、粪链球菌干燥菌粉胶囊的制备

用两岐双岐杆菌发酵液和嗜酸乳杆菌、粪链球菌发酵液经离心沉淀、真空干燥等步骤制备成混合干燥菌粉,其每克活菌数含量达10^7-8。经室温存放3个月后,活菌数仍可在10^6-7/g以上,在冰箱中存放则时间更长。这种菌粉具有较好的稳定性和实用价值。     

长双歧杆菌发酵培养基的优化

目的对长双歧杆菌液态发酵培养基进行优化。方法以长双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteriumlongum）为发酵菌株,以MRS培养基为基础培养基,以发酵液活菌数为指标,通过单因素添加实验考察发酵培养基的碳源和氮源的种类,并验证优化后培养基的效果。结果优化后培养基的最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为酪蛋白胨、牛肉蛋白胨、水解乳蛋白,发酵液活菌数达到2．09×10^9CFU／mL,比原MRS培养基（1．22×10^9CFU／mL）提高了71．30％。结论优化后培养基优于原MRS基础培养基,可应用于长双歧杆菌的液态发酵。     

环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶工业发酵染菌(Bacillus cohniistrain PGRS7)的鉴定及防治

环糊精生产厂家β-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase,β-CGTase)发酵过程中频繁染菌,为解决这一问题,从发酵异常的发酵液中分离得到1株不产酶的杂菌H03S。研究杂菌发酵过程中的菌体密度、pH值、酶活等指标,发现杂菌生长速度明显低于正常菌,发酵液pH值下降速度也慢于正常菌。结合厂家实际生产情况分析:若发酵过程规范操作,则正常菌会优先形成生长优势,抑制杂菌生长;如果发酵罐实消后放置时间过长或者突发停电导致发酵终止后重新启动,杂菌会形成优势菌群,降低发酵液pH值,不利于正常菌的增殖。16S rDNA鉴定杂菌序列与正常菌不同,应归属于Bacillus cohnii strain PGRS7。因此,发酵前应预先采用16S rDNA分析鉴定菌种,排除杂菌,避免发酵中断和延迟,防止发酵染菌。     

薏苡仁多菌发酵液的菌种优选及其抑制黑色素生成的作用研究

以薏苡仁作为发酵基质,确定利于提高发酵液体外活性的较优乳酸菌种,并分析优势乳酸菌种薏苡仁发酵液对斑马鱼胚体黑色素生成的抑制作用。通过比较分析乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）、嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus）和保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus）3种单一乳酸菌和三者复合乳酸菌的薏苡仁发酵液的还原糖、总酚、游离氨基酸、蛋白、总酸和乳酸含量等理化指标及体外羟自由基清除能力和酪氨酸酶活抑制率确定较优发酵菌种,采用高通量测序测定发酵过程中微生物菌群结构;利用斑马鱼模型研究发酵液对黑色素生成的抑制作用。研究结果表明,采用乳酸乳球菌、嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌3种乳酸菌复合发酵比单一乳酸菌发酵更具优势。使用以上菌种复合发酵薏苡仁过程中,乳酸乳球菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵前期优势菌群,发酵中后期则以保加利亚乳杆菌为优势菌群。经复合乳酸菌发酵后,薏苡仁发酵液的羟自由基清除率和酪氨酸酶活抑制率分别提高了20.82%和87.26%;斑马鱼模型实验结果表明,薏苡仁发酵液可以显著减少斑马鱼体表黑色素分布,当使用含量为2.0%时,对黑色素生成抑制率达到59.45%。研究结果为利用薏苡仁多菌发酵液开发为具美白肌肤性能的功能性新原料提供了科学数据支撑,并希望进一步推进薏苡产业的升级。     

益生菌发酵银杏汁饮料的研究与开发

选用银杏果作为原料,通过植物乳杆菌,保加利亚乳杆菌以及嗜热链球菌进行发酵(其菌种比例为1∶1∶3)。主要研究银杏汁的发酵液浓度,饮料体系稳定方法以及发酵过程中的参数,如pH,温度以及活菌数等。通过对益生菌发酵银杏汁的感官及口感的检测,发现银杏果与水的比例为1∶10时最佳。为获得体系稳定的银杏汁,加入中温淀粉酶和中性蛋白酶水解。通过在不同温度下使用乳酸菌发酵银杏汁,得到最适宜银杏汁发酵的温度为40℃,发酵时间10 h,乳酸菌发酵银杏汁的pH趋于稳定,在3.47左右,初始活菌数为2×10~6cfu/mL,其最大活菌数为10 h时达到,为4.7×10~7cfu/mL,得到香味浓郁,质地细腻,酸味适中以及颜色乳黄的益生菌发酵银杏汁饮料产品。     

发酵天山雪莲粗多糖的菌株筛选及护肤功效研究

【目的】利用微生物发酵植物可以提高多糖的产量,并且能够将原有的植物多糖转化成活性更高的新型发酵多糖,本研究围绕天山雪莲的粗多糖,基于发酵后的活菌数、多糖产量和护肤功效进行发酵菌种筛选,旨在获得适宜发酵天山雪莲粗多糖的优良菌株。【方法】利用不同菌株发酵天山雪莲粗多糖,通过平板菌落计数法测定活菌数,采用蒽酮比色法测定发酵液的多糖含量;采用细胞屏障损伤和抗炎模型,利用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞活率,利用格里斯法检测NO含量,评价发酵多糖在细胞模型中的护肤功效;利用特应性皮炎小鼠模型,分析发酵多糖对皮肤组织表观及经皮失水率、皮肤组织病理及表皮厚度变化和皮肤组织屏障蛋白-丝聚合蛋白的影响,评价发酵多糖在动物模型中的功效。【结果】不同菌株发酵天山雪莲粗多糖后的活菌数和多糖产量差异较大,其中枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) CCFM1162和165-M1、干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei) CCFM1073、罗伊氏乳杆菌(L. reuteri) CCFM8631、清酒乳杆菌(L. sakei) GD17-9的活菌数较高,均不低于2.0×108 CFU/mL;而酿酒...     

乳酸菌混合生长降解亚硝酸盐能力的研究

通过对植物乳杆菌和肠膜明串珠菌混合发酵降解亚硝酸盐能力的研究得出乳酸菌混菌发酵能显著降低发酵液中亚硝酸盐含量的结论.此外,研究还发现菌粉活化12 h后降解效果最佳.该研究为发酵蔬菜用乳酸菌发酵剂的开发及其产品安全性研究提供理论指导.     

植物乳杆菌发酵、冻干工艺及其益生特性的研究

目的以Lactobacillus plantarum SQ-2506为目标,研究该菌株的发酵、冻干工艺及其益生特性。方法通过对培养基中C源、N源和刺激因子的浓度改变考察对活菌数的影响,从而确定培养基的最佳配方;在确定最佳培养基后做出该菌的生长曲线以确定最佳发酵时间点;同时考察冻干保护剂的配方和预冷时间对菌粉活菌数的影响;此外,对植物乳杆菌进行产酸、产H_2O_2、生物膜形成能力、抑菌特性以及抗氧化能力的检测。结果最佳MRS培养基中葡萄糖浓度为0.8%、酪蛋白胨为0.4%、牛肉粉为0.6%、吐温为0.06%;植物乳杆菌的生长曲线在5h时达到稳定期,此时发酵液活菌数为3.16×10~9 CFU/mL,发酵液的pH为4.45。最佳冻干保护剂的配方:脱脂乳100g/L,蔗糖120g/L,抗坏血酸20g/L,谷氨酸钠30g/L;冻干前对上机液预冻时间为2h,此时菌粉冻干存活率为70.21%。该菌株具有产酸、产H_2O_2能力,并对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色假丝酵母均有一定的抑制作用,形成膜能力较强,且具有一定的抗氧化能力。结论通过培养基成分、发酵条件和冻干工艺的优化以及对其益生特性的研究,为下一步新药开发和规模化生产奠定基础。     

基于DNA高通量测序分析生料酿醋过程中的真菌多样性

【目的】了解生料酿醋不同阶段的真菌群落结构及其变化规律,为生料酿醋工艺优化提供理论指导。【方法】从山西一家生料酿醋企业采集原料、麸曲、发酵缸醋醅、熏醋样、淋醋样等涉及生料酿醋各阶段的样品共51份,扩增真菌ITS1区序列并利用高通量测序技术分析真菌多样性。【结果】除5份样品未扩增成功外,在剩余46份样品中共检测到489个真菌OTU,以子囊菌为主(占88.3%)。原料、麸曲、发酵缸醋醅、熏醋样、淋醋样等不同组别间在真菌群落结构方面存在显著差异。原料和麸曲中的真菌物种丰富度最低,发酵缸醋醅的真菌物种丰富度最高,熏醋样和淋醋样中的真菌物种丰富度又有所降低。原料和麸曲中的优势真菌分别为酿酒酵母和黑曲霉,是发酵阶段真菌的重要来源,但发酵缸醋醅中也检测到大量可能来源于发酵室环境的真菌。发酵缸醋醅在不同发酵时期间也存在明显的真菌群落结构差异,并可据此划分成发酵前期(包括发酵第2–13天的样品)和发酵后期(包括发酵第17–46天的样品)。酿酒酵母和亮白曲霉的丰度在发酵前期显著高于发酵后期,而黑曲霉、一种小戴卫霉科真菌等的丰度在发酵后期显著高于发酵前期。【结论】生料酿醋的不同阶段和发酵缸醋醅发酵的不同时期,其真菌群落结构都存在明显差异。酿酒酵母和黑曲霉是发酵阶段的优势真菌。本研究为生料酿醋工艺优化提供了理论依据。     

Kocho fermentation

Kocho, an acidic starchy food, is prepared by fermenting a mixture of the scraping of the trunk and pulverized stem and corm of ensette ( Ensette ventricosum). Leuconostoc mesenteroides is responsible for initiating the fermentation. Because of the activities of this species and, to some extent, of Streptococcus faecalis , the pH of the fermenting kocho was reduced from 6˙5 to 5˙6. These organisms were then succeeded by the homofermentative bacteria Lactobacillus coryneformis subsp. coryne-formis and Lact. plantarum . Through the activities of the Lactobacillus species, the pH was further reduced to 4˙2. Pediococcus cerevisiae , although present in kocho, did not achieve prominence because of the relatively low fermentation temperature (14°-18°C). Spore-formers were present in fairly high numbers during the first 15 d of fermentation. It was suspected that the butyrous odour which was detected during the first 2 weeks in fermenting kocho might be due to the activities of certain clostridial species. Yeasts were also present in fairly high numbers.     

Towards industrial pentose-fermenting yeast strains

Production of bioethanol from forest and agricultural products requires a fermenting organism that converts all types of sugars in the raw material to ethanol in high yield and with a high rate. This review summarizes recent research aiming at developing industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the ability to ferment all lignocellulose-derived sugars. The properties required from the industrial yeast strains are discussed in relation to four benchmarks: (1) process water economy, (2) inhibitor tolerance, (3) ethanol yield, and (4) specific ethanol productivity. Of particular importance is the tolerance of the fermenting organism to fermentation inhibitors formed during fractionation/pretreatment and hydrolysis of the raw material, which necessitates the use of robust industrial strain background. While numerous metabolic engineering strategies have been developed in laboratory yeast strains, only a few approaches have been realized in industrial strains. The fermentation performance of the existing industrial pentose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains in lignocellulose hydrolysate is reviewed. Ethanol yields of more than 0.4 g ethanol/g sugar have been achieved with several xylose-fermenting industrial strains such as TMB 3400, TMB 3006, and 424A(LNF-ST), carrying the heterologous xylose utilization pathway consisting of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase, which demonstrates the potential of pentose fermentation in improving lignocellulosic ethanol production.     

干法造粒工艺在微生态活菌片剂生产中的应用研究

目的为降低生产成本,保证产品质量,研究干法造粒工艺在微生态活菌片剂生产中的应用。方法测定三批干法造粒和粉末直接压片技术获得的片剂的理化指标和贮藏期间活菌数。结果干法造粒工艺生产的片剂其片重、硬度、崩解时限和干燥失重均符合生产质量要求,且提高了产品的贮藏稳定性。结论干法造粒工艺更适用于微生态活菌片剂生产。     

解淀粉乳酸细菌在L-乳酸发酵生产中的应用

对解淀粉乳酸细菌及其产生的淀粉酶和发酵工艺等方面的国内外研究现状进行了综述。解淀粉乳酸细菌具有分泌淀粉酶的能力,可免去原料水解处理工序直接发酵淀粉质原料生产乳酸,可以简化生产工艺,并可节约设备投资,进而降低生产成本。解淀粉乳酸细菌主要分离自传统发酵食品,也可从有机废弃物和厨余垃圾中分离得到。介绍了解淀粉乳酸细菌直接利用淀粉质原料的机理,比较了解淀粉乳酸菌发酵生产L-乳酸的工艺。提出通过诱变育种和基因工程育种等方法获得更加高效的解淀粉乳酸细菌,并结合先进的发酵、分离技术来提高乳酸生产效率。     

Utilization of household food waste for the production of ethanol at high dry material content

Background

Environmental issues and shortage of fossil fuels have turned the public interest to the utilization of renewable, environmentally friendly fuels, such as ethanol. In order to minimize the competition between fuels and food production, researchers are focusing their efforts to the utilization of wastes and by-products as raw materials for the production of ethanol. household food wastes are being produced in great quantities in European Union and their handling can be a challenge. Moreover, their disposal can cause severe environmental issues (for example emission of greenhouse gasses). On the other hand, they contain significant amounts of sugars (both soluble and insoluble) and they can be used as raw material for the production of ethanol.

Results

Household food wastes were utilized as raw material for the production of ethanol at high dry material consistencies. A distinct liquefaction/saccharification step has been included to the process, which rapidly reduced the viscosity of the high solid content substrate, resulting in better mixing of the fermenting microorganism. This step had a positive effect in both ethanol production and productivity, leading to a significant increase in both values, which was up to 40.81% and 4.46 fold, respectively. Remaining solids (residue) after fermentation at 45% w/v dry material (which contained also the unhydrolyzed fraction of cellulose), were subjected to a hydrothermal pretreatment in order to be utilized as raw material for a subsequent ethanol fermentation. This led to an increase of 13.16% in the ethanol production levels achieving a final ethanol yield of 107.58 g/kg dry material.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the ability of utilizing household food waste for the production of ethanol at elevated dry material content has been demonstrated. A separate liquefaction/saccharification process can increase both ethanol production and productivity. Finally, subsequent fermentation of the remaining solids could lead to an increase of the overall ethanol production yield.     

Dynamics of Microbial Populations during Fermentation of Wines from the Utiel-Requena Region of Spain

The dynamics of fungi, yeasts, and lactic acid bacteria during fermentation of four musts were studied. Fungi disappeared quickly in the fermenting must. The lactic acid bacteria population diminished during alcoholic fermentation, then they increased and performed malolactic fermentation. Yeasts grew quickly, reaching maximum populations at different times depending on the vinification treatment.     

Micro-organisms associated with African locust bean (Parkia filicoidea Welw) fermentation for 'dawadawa' production

Micro-organisms associated with the fermentation of 'dawadawa', a traditionally prepared food condiment, were isolated and identified. Three species of bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and L. dextranicus ) were the predominant and most actively involved organisms. The other organisms did not appear to play any major role in the fermentation because they were present in relatively low numbers in the fermenting mash. The temperature and the pH increased sharply during the fermentation process.     

New yeast strains for alcoholic fermentation at higher sugar concentration

Summary New yeast strains for alcoholic fermentation were isolated from samples collected from Brazilian alcohol factories at the end of the sugar cane crop season. They were selected by their capacity of fermenting concentrated sugar cane syrup as well as high sucrose concentrations in synthetic medium with a conversion efficiency of 89–92%. The strains were identified asSaccharomyces cerevisiae.