影响油菜萝卜胞质不育系恢复材料花药培养的若干因素*

对OguCMS×Ad一6(F₄)的TCF₂代进行了花药离体培养。目的是诱导单倍体植株和纯合的二倍体植株。采集含单核靠边期的花芽,一部分放在4℃条件下黑暗贮存5d,一部分直接解剖培养。探讨了培养基和培养温度对花药培养的影响。结果表明经过5d的4℃低温预处理的花芽,再经过33℃,2d和30℃,6d的培养后花药出愈率明显高于其他条件。另外以B5作为基本培养基附加10％或8％的蔗糖以及0．5mg／L 2,4-D、O 2m/LBA和0．2mg／LNAA对诱导花药出愈有促进作用,在附加5m/L BA和3％蔗糖的MS培养基上,诱导形成了丛生芽。     

石斛离体培养中ABA对诱导花芽形成的影响

由兰科植物铁皮石斛（Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｂｉｕｍ ｃａｎｄｉｄｕｍ Ｗａｌｌ．ｅｘ Ｌｉｎｄｌ．）种子诱导形成的愈伤组织,在光照下置于ＭＳ附加０．３ ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ 的培养基上繁殖,可以形成原球茎。将原球茎转入ＭＳ含２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ６－ＢＡ 和０．５ ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ 的培养基上,花芽形成频率为２７．０％ 。原球茎先在０．５ ｍ ｇ／ＬＡＢＡ的培养基上预培养１５ ｄ,再转入含２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ 的ＭＳ培养基上培养,花芽形成频率明显提高,可达８４．４％ ,而且每株植株花的数目增加;但是在仅有ＡＢＡ 的ＭＳ培养基上培养的原球茎再生的植株未见花芽形成     

全缘金粟兰的组织培养和繁殖

１植物名称全缘金粟兰（Ｃｈｌｏｒａｎｔｈｕｓｈｏｌｏｓｔｅｇｉｕｓ）。２材料类别顶芽、带节的茎段。３培养条件（１）芽繁殖培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２．０～３．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＩＢＡ０．２～０．３;（２）生根培养基：ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５。培养基中添加３％蔗糖,０．８％琼脂,ｐＨ５．８。培养温度为２５～２８℃,光照１２ｈ·ｄ－１,光照度约为１５００ｌｘ。４生长与分化情况４．１无菌材料的获得以芽尖和带腋芽的茎段为外植体,经消毒后,在超净工作台上,除掉部分叶片,将其接种于芽繁殖培养基上,经６０ｄ左…     

多孔菌液体发酵的研究

多孔菌Ｐｏｌｙｐｒｏｕｓｅｌｅｇａｎｓ（Ｂｕｌｌ）Ｆｒ。是一种新开发的真菌类中药材资源,经对其几个主要液体发酵培养条件的筛选研究,初步得出多孔菌深层发酵的基础参数：ＰＨ５．６～０．１;温度２４～２８℃;培养基为麦麸２．５％,蔗糖４％,ＮＨ４ＮＯ３０．０５％,ＫＨ：ＰＯ４０．０５％,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．０２５％。另外,摇瓶种子培养条件是：ＰＨ５．６～６．１;温度２８℃;培养基为ＰＤＡ＋ＶＢ１,添加３‰琼脂,时间为９６ｈｒ。     

变灰青霉固态发酵降解植酸的初步研究

从发霉植酸钠溶液中分离到一株产植酸酶的变灰青霉（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｃａｎｅｓｃｅｎｓ）Ｐ４。以麸皮：玉米面：黄豆饼粉＝７：２：１为主要培养基成份,用优选法确定最适培养基为在上述基本培养基中添加４％（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４,１％葡萄糖,１．５倍水,自然ｐＨ。发酵过程的动态分析表明,该菌在上述条件下２８℃恒温培养６ｄ后植酸降解率可达９０％;无机磷含量由０．１３％增至０．５７％;可溶性蛋白含量由３．８０％增至７．６０％。用４％ＣａＣｌ_２·２Ｈ_２Ｏ水溶液抽提     

黑曲霉产木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究

正交设计试验结果表明,黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ ｍ１２）产木聚糖酶活力达７６．６０ｕ／ｍｌ,合适的产酶发酵条件如下,培养基（ｇ／Ｌ）：麸皮４０,尿素６．６７,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４ １．０,ＭｇＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ０．５,ＮａＣｌ０．３,Ｔｗｅｅｎ－８０ ３．０,ＣａＣＯ３ ２．０,２８℃,１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ水浴振荡培养５．５ｄ。     

重组人IL6／2融合蛋白对6.5Gy照射小鼠造血功能恢复的影响

观察了ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２对６．５Ｇｙγ线照射ＮＩＨ小鼠第１０天造血功能恢复的影响。结果表明：照射小鼠连续４ｄ给予ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２２５０μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１,其脾重、ＣＦＵ－８、骨髓有核细胞数及ＣＭ－ＣＦＵ分别比对照组增加５９．０％、２７８．５％、５７．９％和１３８．２％,统计学处理均有显著差异;对此四项指标的改善也明显优于２５μｇ组。另外,２５０μｇ剂量组小鼠外周血象３０ｄ的动态观察结果表明,ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２不但能明显提高红细胞和血红蛋白的最低值,而且能使血小板的恢复提前。提示ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２在促进血小板生成和促进红系造血方面可能具有良好的应用前景。     

芥蓝的组织培养和快速繁殖

１植物名称芥蓝（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａａｌｂｏｇｌａｂｒａ）优良种株,取自广东汕头白沙蔬菜原种研究所。２材料类别未开花的植株基部腋芽。３培养条件（１）诱导丛生芽培养基为Ｍ１：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２ｍｇ·Ｌ‘（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．２;Ｍ２：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１＋ＮＡＡ０．１;Ｍ３：ＭＳ＋６．ＢＡ１＋ＮＡＡ０．２。上述培养基均含蔗糖３％,琼脂０．８％,ｐＨ５．８～６．０。（２）生根培养基：ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５＋２％蔗糖＋０．４５％卡拉胶（０．７％琼脂）。培养温度２０～２５℃,光照１２ｈ．ｄ－１,光照度２０００１ｘ４…     

Cu对中国林蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性

试验测定了不同温度条件下Ｃｕ２＋对中国林蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性．结果表明,在水温为９～１３℃、１８℃和２４℃条件下,Ｃｕ２＋对１０ｄ龄中国林蛙蝌蚪９６ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别为５．０１、３．８０和２．９９ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,致死阈浓度分别为４．０、２．５和１．６ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,而在９６ｈ内的无可观察效应浓度分别为２．５、１．６和１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１．１８℃条件下Ｃｕ２＋对２０ｄ龄中国林蛙蝌蚪的９６ｈＬＣ５０为２．１７ｍｇ·Ｌ－１．     

巴氏醋杆菌纤维素发酵培养基成分研究

通过试验探索出氏醋杆菌合成醋酸菌纤维素的适宜培养基成分为蛋白胨１．０％,酵母膏０．５％,蔗糖２％,乙醇１％,Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４　０．２％,ｐＨ６．０;３０℃时静置培养６ｄ,醋酸菌纤维素产量可达９．８５ｇ／Ｌ。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.